Stow v. Paster

2012 Ohio 2746

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: June 20, 2012
• Docket: 25966
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Stow v. Paster, 2012-Ohio-2746.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )

CITY OF STOW C.A. No. 25966

Appellee

v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE KIMBERLY M. PASTER STOW MUNICIPAL COURT COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO Appellant CASE No. 2011 CRB 0227

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: June 20, 2012

MOORE, Judge.

{¶1} Appellant, Kimberly Paster, appeals from the judgment of the Stow Municipal

Court. This Court affirms.

I.

{¶2} On January 26, 2011, Paster was shopping at a Wal-Mart in Stow, Ohio. After

using the self-checkout register to purchase certain items in her cart, Paster approached the exit

doors, where she was detained by the store’s asset protection employees due to her failure to pay

for certain items in the cart. Paster was charged with petty theft in violation of Stow City

Ordinance (“S.C.O.”) 545.05(A)(1).

{¶3} After a bench trial, the trial court found her guilty of theft and sentenced her to a

suspended 180-day term of incarceration and imposed a fine. Paster timely filed a notice of

appeal and raises two assignments of error for our review. 2

II.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DENYING [PASTER]’S CRIMINAL RULE 29 MOTION FOR ACQUITTAL AS THE STATE FAILED TO PRESENT SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SUSTAIN THE CONVICTION.

{¶4} In her first assignment of error, Paster argues that her conviction was not

supported by sufficient evidence. We do not agree.

{¶5} Crim.R. 29(A) provides that a trial court “shall order the entry of a judgment of

acquittal * * * if the evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction of such offense or offenses.”

The issue of whether a conviction is supported by sufficient evidence is a question of law, which

we review de novo. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997). When considering a

challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, the court must determine whether the prosecution

has met its burden of production. Id. at 390 (Cook, J. concurring). In making this determination,

an appellate court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution:

An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.

State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus.

{¶6} Paster was convicted of petty theft in violation of S.C.O. 545.05(A)(1), which

provides that “[n]o person, with purpose to deprive the owner of property or services, shall

knowingly obtain or exert control over either the property or services * * * [w]ithout the consent

of the owner or person authorized to give consent.” In this case, Paster has limited her challenge 3

to whether the State proved that she acted with the purpose of depriving Wal-Mart of the items.

We will limit our discussion accordingly.

{¶7} Intent need not be proved by direct evidence. State v. Elwell, 9th Dist. No.

06CA008923, 2007–Ohio–3122, ¶ 26. This is because, “[n]ot being ascertainable by the

exercise of any or all of the senses, [intent] can never be proved by the direct testimony of a third

person, and it need not be. It must be gathered from the surrounding facts and circumstances[.]”

In re Washington, 81 Ohio St.3d 337, 340 (1998), quoting State v. Huffman, 131 Ohio St. 27

(1936), paragraph four of the syllabus. “Furthermore, if the State relies on circumstantial

evidence to prove any essential element of an offense, it is not necessary for such evidence to be

irreconcilable with any reasonable theory of innocence in order to support a conviction.”

(Internal citations and quotations omitted.) State v. Tran, 9th Dist. No. 22911, 2006–Ohio–4349,

¶ 13. Circumstantial evidence has the same probative value as direct evidence. See Jenks at

paragraph one of the syllabus.

{¶8} At trial the State presented the testimony of Zachary Sandoval, an asset protection

employee at the Stow Wal-Mart, and of Officer Brian Haddix of the City of Stow Police

Department. Sandoval testified that, on January 26, 2011, he was working at Wal-Mart and

received a telephone call from another asset protection associate who requested his assistance as

a witness in a stop she was planning to make on Paster, who was shopping in the store. Sandoval

then began watching Paster, who was placing merchandise inside a 20-gallon Rubbermaid

container that was in her shopping cart. After she put the items in the container, she covered the

container with coats, which were also store merchandise. Paster then proceeded to the self-

checkout. After waiting in line at the self-checkout, Paster scanned items that were outside of

the Rubbermaid container, and purchased those items which cost approximately $50 in total. 4

Paster did not touch any items that were in the container or the coats that covered it. Paster then

proceeded past all points of sale and out the first set of exit doors onto a portico, where Sandoval

and another store associate stopped her. Sandoval and the other Wal-Mart employee led Paster

into the store office, and the other associate spoke with Paster as Sandoval began totaling the

value of the merchandise that was in the container. Those items included children’s clothing,

toys, and backpacks and amounted to over $400 in merchandise. Paster stated that she forgot to

pay for the items in the container.

{¶9} Officer Haddix testified that, on the day at issue, he was called to the Wal-Mart in

Stow regarding a shoplifting incident. When he arrived, he spoke with Paster who stated that she

had forgotten to pay for the items in the container because she was on medication due to a pulled

tooth and was not thinking clearly.

{¶10} Based upon the evidence provided by the State, Paster argues that there was no

evidence demonstrating that she intended to deprive Wal-Mart of the property without paying.

However, her intent to deprive Wal-Mart of the items in the container can be inferred from the

surrounding facts and circumstances when viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to

the State. It is undisputed that Paster was organizing items in the container, which she then

covered with coats. She waited in line to utilize the self-checkout register, where she paid for

only $50 in items, leaving more than $400 of items unpaid for, and proceeded to the exit doors.

Further, the container which stored the items held a capacity of 20 gallons and left little space

unoccupied in the cart.

{¶11} Viewed in the light most favorable to the State, sufficient evidence existed from

which a reasonable trier of fact could determine that Paster acted with the intent to deprive Wal-

Mart of its property. Accordingly, Paster’s first assignment of error is overruled. 5

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2

THE CONVICTION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

{¶12} In her second assignment of error, Paster contends that her petty theft conviction

was against the manifest weight of the evidence. We do not agree.

{¶13} When a defendant asserts that her conviction is against the manifest weight of the

evidence,

an appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and determine whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.

State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340 (9th Dist.1986). In making this determination, this

Court is mindful that “[e]valuating evidence and assessing credibility are primarily for the trier

of fact.” State v. Shue, 97 Ohio App.3d 459, 466 (9th Dist.1994), citing Ostendorf-Morris Co. v.

Slyman, 6 Ohio App.3d 46, 47 (8th Dist.1982) and Crull v. Maple Park Body Shop, 36 Ohio

App.3d 153, 154 (12th Dist.1987).

{¶14} In her merit brief, Paster again limits her second assignment of error to

challenging the evidence in respect to her intent to deprive Wal-Mart of the property.

Accordingly, we will again limit our discussion to that element of the offense.

{¶15} At trial, Paster testified on her own behalf. She stated that, on the day at issue,

she was at Wal-Mart purchasing items primarily for a birthday party. Her cart was getting full,

and she began placing items in a Rubbermaid container that she was planning to purchase.

While shopping, she received a text message from her cellphone provider that her bill was due.

She decided that she would purchase some of her items, and take the items in the container to the

customer service desk to request that the store place these items on hold so that she would not 6

have to again retrieve each of the items when she returned to purchase them. After going

through the self-checkout lane, Paster stopped near the cart return area of the store and put on her

coat and began to look for her keys in her purse. While trying to locate her keys from her purse,

Paster was distracted by a shopper who had purchased a crockpot, which reminded her that she

also needed to replace her crockpot. After locating her keys, Paster forgot about taking the

Rubbermaid container to customer service and proceeded toward the exit doors. Prior to

reaching the doors, store personnel stopped her and asked her if she had paid for all of her items.

Paster then remembered the container, and responded, “Oh, no,” and said that she had “to take

the storage bin over to customer service[.]” She apologized. Although Paster immediately

offered to return or pay for the items, the store employee took her by her arm and told her to

come with her. Paster further testified that she was taking painkillers at that time because of a

dental procedure.

{¶16} On cross-examination, Sandoval confirmed that Paster did not hurry out of the

store, but he stated that her departure from the store was within seconds after checking out, as the

self-checkout lane is located very near to the exit doors. Sandoval further identified two pictures

submitted by the defense. The first picture displays the exit at the store, which indicates that one

could walk past, but not through, the first set of exit doors in order to visit the customer service

department. The other photograph displayed Paster’s cart. In this photograph, Sandoval

confirmed that there were items which were not paid for which were not located inside of the

Rubbermaid container, including a multipack of bottled water on the bottom of the cart, and

stationary supplies behind the container. Sandoval further confirmed that Paster was fully

cooperative after store personnel stopped her. 7

{¶17} In her merit brief, Paster relies heavily upon our holding in Cuyahoga Falls v.

Ellenberger, 9th Dist. No. 21461, 2003-Ohio-6578, in arguing that her conviction was against

the manifest weight of the evidence. However, Ellenberger is distinguishable on its facts.

There, the appellant left a grocery store after purchasing groceries, but without paying for a pack

of cigarettes that was located underneath a store circular in her cart. She was convicted of petty

theft and we reversed the conviction on appeal. In that case, we determined that the surrounding

facts and circumstances did not establish intent to deprive the grocery store of the cigarettes

without purchasing them. Here, in contrast, intent can be inferred from a combination of factors.

Paster was placing items in the large container, which she then covered with coats. She waited

in line to utilize the self-checkout register, where she purchased only $50 in items, leaving more

than $400 worth of items unpaid for. The trier of fact could have reasonably concluded that she

used the coats to conceal the items in the plastic container. Whereas in Ellenberger, the single

pack of cigarettes was not visible under the store circular, in this case the brightly colored 20

gallon container nearly filled the shopping cart and thus would have been impossible to

overlook.

{¶18} We are mindful of occasions where one might inadvertently overlook an item at

check out. This is not that case. Further, even though this Court may have reached a different

conclusion as to Paster’s intent, clearly “[t]he discretionary power to grant a new trial should be

exercised only in the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the

conviction.” Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 387, quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172,

175 (1st Dist.1983). See also State v. Morgan, 9th Dist. No. 22848, 2006-Ohio-3921, ¶ 35.

Even though Paster testified that it was not her intention to leave the store without paying for the

items, there was countervailing circumstantial evidence that supported an inference to the 8

contrary. We have repeatedly held that “[a] conviction is not against the manifest weight

because the [trier of fact] chose to credit the State’s version of events.” State v. Peasley, 9th

District No. 25062, 2010-Ohio-4333, ¶ 18, citing Morgan at ¶ 35. After reviewing the entire

record, weighing the inferences and examining the credibility of witnesses, we cannot say that

this is an exceptional case where the evidence weighed heavily against the petty theft conviction.

III.

{¶19} Accordingly, Paster’s first and second assignments of error are overruled, and the

judgment of the Stow Municipal Court is affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.

There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Stow Municipal

Court, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

Costs taxed to Appellant.

CARLA MOORE FOR THE COURT 9

WHITMORE, P. J. CARR, J. CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

MARTHA HOM, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

AMBER E. KEREK, Assistant Law Director, for Appellee.