IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE EASTERN DIVISION ______________________________________________________________________________
LEROY RICHARD STOCKER (deceased), ) by next best friend SHANNON LYNN ) MARIE STOCKER, ) ) Plaintiffs, ) v. ) No. 1:22-cv-1083-STA-jay ) U.S. GOVERNMENT, DEPARTMENT ) OF JUSTICE, a law enforcement agency with ) The U.S. Government; ) U.S. MARSHALS SERVICE, a law enforcement ) agency with the U.S. Government; ) BENTON COUNTY, SHERIFF KENNY ) CHRISTOPHER, DEPUTIES, a law ) enforcement agency of Benton County, ) Tennessee; HENRY COUNTY, ) SHERIFF JOSH FRYE, DEPUTIES, a law ) Enforcement agency of HENRY COUNTY, ) TENNESSEE; STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) DIRECTOR AND AGENTS OF TENNESSEE ) BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, a law ) Enforcement agency of the State of Tennessee; ) ) Defendants. ) ______________________________________________________________________________
ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE ______________________________________________________________________________
Plaintiff Shannon Lynn Marie Stocker filed her original Complaint (ECF No. 1) on May 3, 2022, alleging the wrongful death of Leroy Richard Stocker, a violation of Mr. Stocker’s constitutional rights pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The original Complaint named the U.S. Marshal Service; the Benton County Sheriff’s Department; the Henry County Sheriff’s Department; and the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation as Defendants. Compl. ¶¶ 4-7. Plaintiff prepared summons (ECF No. 1-2) and the Clerk of Court issued them (ECF Nos. 3, 8) as to the following parties: Benton County, Tennessee; the Benton County Sheriff’s Department (through Sheriff Kenny Christopher); the Henry County Sheriff’s Department (through Sheriff Josh Frey); the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (through Special Agent De’Greaun Reshun Frazier); and the U.S. Marshals Service (through Tyreece L. Miller). Plaintiff filed separate affidavits of service as to
the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (ECF No. 15); the Benton County Sheriff’s Department (ECF No. 16); the Benton County Mayor (ECF No. 17); and the Henry County Sheriff’s Department (ECF No. 18), all filed with the Court on June 9, 2022. Plaintiff filed an unexecuted return for the summons issued for the U.S. Marshals Service (ECF No. 34) on August 16, 2022, then caused summons to re-issue as to the Marshals Service (ECF No. 36), and finally filed proof of service on the Marshals (ECF No. 39) on August 23, 2022. On July 15, 2022, Plaintiff filed a motion to amend her pleadings (ECF No. 25). Plaintiff did so in response to a series of motions to dismiss filed by the Defendants, at least those who had been served at that point. The Court granted Plaintiff’s request to amend on August 3, 2022, and Plaintiff filed her Amended Complaint (ECF No. 31) on August 12, 2022. The Amended
Complaint contained most of the same factual allegations raised in the original Complaint but named in the pleadings’ caption the following new parties as Defendants: the U.S. Government, Department of Justice; Benton County Sheriff Kenny Christopher and “Deputies;” Henry County Sheriff Josh Frye and “Deputies;” and the Director and Agents of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation. In the body of the Amended Complaint, Plaintiff specified that she was naming Benton County Sheriffs Deputy Jason Lowry (Am. Compl. ¶ 5), unknown members of the Henry County SWAT team (id. ¶ 6), and TBI Agents Bryant Allen and Joe Hudgins (id. ¶ 7) as Defendants.1 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(c)(1) requires a plaintiff to serve summons with a copy of a complaint on each defendant within 90 days of filing the complaint. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(1);
Jackson v. Herrington, 393 F. App’x 348, 353 (6th Cir. 2010) (“Rule 4 requires plaintiffs to serve each defendant with a summons and a copy of the complaint.”). Rule 4(m) provides that “[i]f a defendant is not served within 90 days after the complaint is filed, the court–on motion or on its own after notice to the plaintiff–must dismiss the action without prejudice against the defendant or order that service be made within a specified time.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). Dismissal is mandatory unless the plaintiff shows good cause for the failure to serve; if she does, then the Court must extend the time for service. Id. “Establishing good cause is the responsibility of the [plaintiff] and necessitates a demonstration of why service was not made within the time constraints.” Garner v. City of Memphis, 576 F. App’x 460, 463 (6th Cir. 2014) (quoting Nafziger v. McDermott Intern., Inc., 467 F.3d 514, 521 (6th Cir. 2006)). “Inadvertent failure or half-hearted
efforts to serve” do not satisfy the good-cause standard. Id. (quoting Friedman v. Estate of Presser, 929 F.2d 1151, 1157 (6th Cir.1991)).
1 The Amended Complaint also reads as follows: “Defendant U.S. Marshals Service is a division of the U.S. Government under the Department of Justice . . . and may be served by service on the United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee, Marshal Tyreece L. Miller.” Am. Compl. ¶ 4. The statement is ambiguous in that it could be read to state that the U.S. Marshals Service could be served through the U.S. Attorney’s Office and U.S. Marshal Tyreece Miller. Or it could also be read to name U.S. Marshal Tyreece Miller as a Defendant. Either way, Plaintiff and the United States of America have filed a Stipulation of Dismissal (ECF No. 71), agreeing to the dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against the Marshals Service. The Amended Complaint alleges no facts to show that Marshal Miller had any involvement in the episode which forms the basis of Plaintiff’s claims. The Court therefore has no reason to believe that Plaintiff is maintaining a claim against Marshal Miller in any capacity. Plaintiff has not served all of the Defendants named in the Amended Complaint, and the time to do so has now expired. Plaintiff filed her Amended Complaint on August 12, 2022. Plaintiff had until November 10, 2022, to serve each Defendant with summons and a copy of the Amended Complaint. However, Plaintiff apparently took no further action to have summons
issued and at no time requested an extension of the deadline for service. Nafziger, 467 F.3d at 522 (“The plaintiffs’ counsel should have taken the simple step of requesting an extension of time from the court if his [personal circumstances] had truly affected his ability to serve process. After all, as the past procedural history of this case makes clear, he certainly knew how to request more time.”). Plaintiff first attempted to serve the new Defendants named in the Amended Complaint when Plaintiff presented summons to be issued (ECF No. 69) on December 21, 2022. Even then Plaintiff prepared summons to issue only for the following new Defendants: Benton County Sheriff Kenny Christopher, Henry County Sheriff Josh Frey, and Henry County Sheriffs Deputy Jason Lowry. Plaintiff has not caused summons to issue as to any other “Deputies” of the Benton County or Henry County Sheriffs Departments, including any members of the Henry County SWAT team.
Garner, 576 F.
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE EASTERN DIVISION ______________________________________________________________________________
LEROY RICHARD STOCKER (deceased), ) by next best friend SHANNON LYNN ) MARIE STOCKER, ) ) Plaintiffs, ) v. ) No. 1:22-cv-1083-STA-jay ) U.S. GOVERNMENT, DEPARTMENT ) OF JUSTICE, a law enforcement agency with ) The U.S. Government; ) U.S. MARSHALS SERVICE, a law enforcement ) agency with the U.S. Government; ) BENTON COUNTY, SHERIFF KENNY ) CHRISTOPHER, DEPUTIES, a law ) enforcement agency of Benton County, ) Tennessee; HENRY COUNTY, ) SHERIFF JOSH FRYE, DEPUTIES, a law ) Enforcement agency of HENRY COUNTY, ) TENNESSEE; STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) DIRECTOR AND AGENTS OF TENNESSEE ) BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, a law ) Enforcement agency of the State of Tennessee; ) ) Defendants. ) ______________________________________________________________________________
ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE ______________________________________________________________________________
Plaintiff Shannon Lynn Marie Stocker filed her original Complaint (ECF No. 1) on May 3, 2022, alleging the wrongful death of Leroy Richard Stocker, a violation of Mr. Stocker’s constitutional rights pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The original Complaint named the U.S. Marshal Service; the Benton County Sheriff’s Department; the Henry County Sheriff’s Department; and the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation as Defendants. Compl. ¶¶ 4-7. Plaintiff prepared summons (ECF No. 1-2) and the Clerk of Court issued them (ECF Nos. 3, 8) as to the following parties: Benton County, Tennessee; the Benton County Sheriff’s Department (through Sheriff Kenny Christopher); the Henry County Sheriff’s Department (through Sheriff Josh Frey); the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (through Special Agent De’Greaun Reshun Frazier); and the U.S. Marshals Service (through Tyreece L. Miller). Plaintiff filed separate affidavits of service as to
the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (ECF No. 15); the Benton County Sheriff’s Department (ECF No. 16); the Benton County Mayor (ECF No. 17); and the Henry County Sheriff’s Department (ECF No. 18), all filed with the Court on June 9, 2022. Plaintiff filed an unexecuted return for the summons issued for the U.S. Marshals Service (ECF No. 34) on August 16, 2022, then caused summons to re-issue as to the Marshals Service (ECF No. 36), and finally filed proof of service on the Marshals (ECF No. 39) on August 23, 2022. On July 15, 2022, Plaintiff filed a motion to amend her pleadings (ECF No. 25). Plaintiff did so in response to a series of motions to dismiss filed by the Defendants, at least those who had been served at that point. The Court granted Plaintiff’s request to amend on August 3, 2022, and Plaintiff filed her Amended Complaint (ECF No. 31) on August 12, 2022. The Amended
Complaint contained most of the same factual allegations raised in the original Complaint but named in the pleadings’ caption the following new parties as Defendants: the U.S. Government, Department of Justice; Benton County Sheriff Kenny Christopher and “Deputies;” Henry County Sheriff Josh Frye and “Deputies;” and the Director and Agents of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation. In the body of the Amended Complaint, Plaintiff specified that she was naming Benton County Sheriffs Deputy Jason Lowry (Am. Compl. ¶ 5), unknown members of the Henry County SWAT team (id. ¶ 6), and TBI Agents Bryant Allen and Joe Hudgins (id. ¶ 7) as Defendants.1 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(c)(1) requires a plaintiff to serve summons with a copy of a complaint on each defendant within 90 days of filing the complaint. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(1);
Jackson v. Herrington, 393 F. App’x 348, 353 (6th Cir. 2010) (“Rule 4 requires plaintiffs to serve each defendant with a summons and a copy of the complaint.”). Rule 4(m) provides that “[i]f a defendant is not served within 90 days after the complaint is filed, the court–on motion or on its own after notice to the plaintiff–must dismiss the action without prejudice against the defendant or order that service be made within a specified time.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). Dismissal is mandatory unless the plaintiff shows good cause for the failure to serve; if she does, then the Court must extend the time for service. Id. “Establishing good cause is the responsibility of the [plaintiff] and necessitates a demonstration of why service was not made within the time constraints.” Garner v. City of Memphis, 576 F. App’x 460, 463 (6th Cir. 2014) (quoting Nafziger v. McDermott Intern., Inc., 467 F.3d 514, 521 (6th Cir. 2006)). “Inadvertent failure or half-hearted
efforts to serve” do not satisfy the good-cause standard. Id. (quoting Friedman v. Estate of Presser, 929 F.2d 1151, 1157 (6th Cir.1991)).
1 The Amended Complaint also reads as follows: “Defendant U.S. Marshals Service is a division of the U.S. Government under the Department of Justice . . . and may be served by service on the United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee, Marshal Tyreece L. Miller.” Am. Compl. ¶ 4. The statement is ambiguous in that it could be read to state that the U.S. Marshals Service could be served through the U.S. Attorney’s Office and U.S. Marshal Tyreece Miller. Or it could also be read to name U.S. Marshal Tyreece Miller as a Defendant. Either way, Plaintiff and the United States of America have filed a Stipulation of Dismissal (ECF No. 71), agreeing to the dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against the Marshals Service. The Amended Complaint alleges no facts to show that Marshal Miller had any involvement in the episode which forms the basis of Plaintiff’s claims. The Court therefore has no reason to believe that Plaintiff is maintaining a claim against Marshal Miller in any capacity. Plaintiff has not served all of the Defendants named in the Amended Complaint, and the time to do so has now expired. Plaintiff filed her Amended Complaint on August 12, 2022. Plaintiff had until November 10, 2022, to serve each Defendant with summons and a copy of the Amended Complaint. However, Plaintiff apparently took no further action to have summons
issued and at no time requested an extension of the deadline for service. Nafziger, 467 F.3d at 522 (“The plaintiffs’ counsel should have taken the simple step of requesting an extension of time from the court if his [personal circumstances] had truly affected his ability to serve process. After all, as the past procedural history of this case makes clear, he certainly knew how to request more time.”). Plaintiff first attempted to serve the new Defendants named in the Amended Complaint when Plaintiff presented summons to be issued (ECF No. 69) on December 21, 2022. Even then Plaintiff prepared summons to issue only for the following new Defendants: Benton County Sheriff Kenny Christopher, Henry County Sheriff Josh Frey, and Henry County Sheriffs Deputy Jason Lowry. Plaintiff has not caused summons to issue as to any other “Deputies” of the Benton County or Henry County Sheriffs Departments, including any members of the Henry County SWAT team.
Garner, 576 F. App’x at 463 (“As [the Sixth Circuit] has held, Rule 4(m)’s service requirement applies to the naming of unidentified defendants.”).2 Under the circumstances, Plaintiff is ordered to show cause as to why the Court should not dismiss her claims against Benton County Sheriff Kenny Christopher, Henry County Sheriff Josh Frey, Henry County Sheriffs Deputy Jason Lowry, and any and all other unnamed “Deputies” from
2 Plaintiff also failed to cause summons to issue as to the Director and Agents of the TBI, including TBI Agents Bryant Allen and Joe Hudgins. Am. Compl. ¶ 7. The TBI Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint (ECF No. 40), and Plaintiff has conceded her claims against them. See Pl.’s Resp. (ECF No. 67) (requesting dismissal of the TBI Defendants “as further investigation has revealed only peripheral involvement of these Defendants”). each department for failure to serve them. Plaintiff has the burden to show good cause as to each Defendant for her failure to have summons issued and serve them with summons and a copy of the complaint within 90 days of the filing of her Amended Complaint. Failure to show good cause for the failure to serve any Defendant may result in the dismissal of the Amended Complaint’s
claims against that Defendant pursuant to Rule 4(m) without further notice. Plaintiff’s response to this order is due on or before January 18, 2023. Failure to respond by that date will be deemed good grounds to dismiss Plaintiff’s case without prejudice pursuant to Rule 4(m). IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/ S. Thomas Anderson S. THOMAS ANDERSON CHIEF UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
Date: January 3, 2023