OPINION OF THE COURT
STAPLETON, Circuit Judge:
Appellant Steven J. Ianuzzi appeals from a summary judgment entered by the District Court in favor of the Commissioner of Social Security. We will reverse and remand.
I.
The Process
Following an evidentiary hearing, the ALJ issued a decision holding that Ianuzzi was not “disabled” for purposes of Social Security disability insurance benefits and supplemental security income. He concluded that the claimant had the residual functional capacity to perform “medium” exertional level work and, in particular, to perform two of his past jobs — automobile sales representative (classified as light ex-ertional work) and credit manager (classified as sedentary exertional work) — as well as other light and sedentary exertional level work.
See
20 C.F.R. § 404.1567 Physical exertion requirements., The Appeals Council denied Ianuzzi’s request for review, and he commenced this civil action in the District Court.
Ianuzzi insisted before the District Court that the ALJ’s decisions were not supported by substantial evidence. The District Court agreed with him that the finding regarding the capacity to do medium exertional level work was not supported by substantial evidence. The Court granted summary judgment, however, because it found substantial evidence to support the ALJ’s conclusion with respect to the capacity to perform past employment and other light and sedentary exertional level work.
II.
The Evidence Regarding Debilitating Pain and the Side Effects of Its Treatment
There was an extensive medical récord before the ALJ. A substantial segment of that record dealt with the extent of Ianuz-zi’s physical, exertional limitations. His attack on the Commissioner’s decision, however, focuses on the evidence of disabling pain and the consequences of its treatment and, for present purposes, we will limit ourselves to that evidence.
Following a motor vehicle accident, Ia-nuzzi sought help from his family physician, Dr. John F. Reinhardt, complaining of chronic and constant headache. After
an MR.I and other diagnostic work, Dr. Reinhardt diagnosed Ianuzzi as having whiplash, headaches and degenerative joint disease and referred him to Dr. James Burke, a brain surgeon, for pain management. Upon examination, Dr. Burke noted that Ianuzzi had radiographic evidence of degenerative disc disease of the cervical spine and appeared to be symptomatic for occipital neuralgia.
Dr. Burke turned the pain management responsibilities over to Dr. John Johnson, an anesthesiologist, on May 31, 2005. Dr. Johnson was Ianuzzi’s treating, pain management physician continually from that date through July 20, 2006, when he submitted the report that is relevant here. Dr. Johnson’s initial, primary diagnoses were: (1) bilateral occipital neuralgia; (2) myofascial pain; and (3) cervical and lumbar radiculitis. In the course of regular visits during this period, Dr. Johnson treated Ianuzzi with trigger point injections, occipital nerve blocks, cervical epidural steroid injections, and multiple medications. These treatments produced short term relief, but the pain thereafter returned to or near the original levels.
The District Court accurately described Dr. Johnson’s July 20, 2006, report as follows:
In the report, Dr. Johnson indicates that he first saw Plaintiff on May 31, 2005 and that he last saw Plaintiff that day. Dr. Johnson listed Plaintiffs impairments as “occipital headaches 2-3x’s day — pain radiates to shoulders, back pain, neck pain.” Dr. Johnson noted that Plaintiff’s then current treatment included lumbar epidural steroid injections, cervical epidural steroid injections, bilateral occipital nerve blocks, Percocet and Fentanyl patches,
and he described Plaintiffs clinical findings as “tenderness in occipital regions bilaterally, tenderness along paraspinal musculature of cervical spine and diffuse tenderness in lumbar spine region.” Regarding Plaintiffs prognosis, the legible portion of Dr. Johnson’s response indicated that Plaintiffs pain would continue, and that his range of motion and activities would continue to be decreased.
Dr. Johnson indicated that Plaintiff was markedly limited in activities of daily living, social functioning, the ability to engage in sustained work and the ability to deal with stress, but that he was unable to evaluate Plaintiffs deficiencies of concentration, episodes of decompen-sation in work or work-like settings and ability to respond appropriately to coworkers, supervisors or the public.
District Court Opinion at 16-17.
In the ALJ’s view, “Dr. Johnson placed severe limitations on the claimant’s ability to perform mental work-related activities.” Adm. Record at 18.
Dr. Elizabeth Dunmore of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Disability Determination performed a consultive examination of Ia-nuzzi on January 27, 2006. She reported:
Since that time he has had problems with chronic migraines, neck and back pain. The back pain is the his [sic] most debilitating problem. The pain starts in his lower back and radiates into the legs. He also experiences pain at the back of
his neck. The pain is constant. It is 8/10 in severity. Percocet does help to take the edge off, but then he has problems with drowsiness. The pain is worse with the ambulation. He is especially bothered with steps. The patient had worked as a sales manager for automobile sales. He discontinue[d] this work in mare [sic] [March] of 2006 because of pain, headaches and inability to concentrate. He spends his day resting in a dark room and taking medications. * * *
IMPRESSION:
1. Chronic pain syndrome. The patient presents with a chronic pain syndrome as outlined above. He has severe subjective pain with minimal objective findings. The pain is chronic in nature and requires narcotic medications.
Adm. Record at 363; Adm. Record at 365.
III.
Discussion
We agree with the District Court that the record does not contain substantial evidence to support the conclusion that Ianuzzi has the residual functional capacity to do medium exertional level work. We also agree with the District Court that the ALJ stated alternative grounds for the denial of benefits to Ianuzzi and that we could affirm that denial if we found those grounds satisfactory. Our problem is that while the ALJ stated alternative grounds, he did so without satisfactorily addressing the substantial conflicting evidence. The controlling principle here is the one that we adopted in
Moret v. Karn,
746 F.2d 989 (3d Cir.1984), from Professor Davis’s preeminent treatise:
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OPINION OF THE COURT
STAPLETON, Circuit Judge:
Appellant Steven J. Ianuzzi appeals from a summary judgment entered by the District Court in favor of the Commissioner of Social Security. We will reverse and remand.
I.
The Process
Following an evidentiary hearing, the ALJ issued a decision holding that Ianuzzi was not “disabled” for purposes of Social Security disability insurance benefits and supplemental security income. He concluded that the claimant had the residual functional capacity to perform “medium” exertional level work and, in particular, to perform two of his past jobs — automobile sales representative (classified as light ex-ertional work) and credit manager (classified as sedentary exertional work) — as well as other light and sedentary exertional level work.
See
20 C.F.R. § 404.1567 Physical exertion requirements., The Appeals Council denied Ianuzzi’s request for review, and he commenced this civil action in the District Court.
Ianuzzi insisted before the District Court that the ALJ’s decisions were not supported by substantial evidence. The District Court agreed with him that the finding regarding the capacity to do medium exertional level work was not supported by substantial evidence. The Court granted summary judgment, however, because it found substantial evidence to support the ALJ’s conclusion with respect to the capacity to perform past employment and other light and sedentary exertional level work.
II.
The Evidence Regarding Debilitating Pain and the Side Effects of Its Treatment
There was an extensive medical récord before the ALJ. A substantial segment of that record dealt with the extent of Ianuz-zi’s physical, exertional limitations. His attack on the Commissioner’s decision, however, focuses on the evidence of disabling pain and the consequences of its treatment and, for present purposes, we will limit ourselves to that evidence.
Following a motor vehicle accident, Ia-nuzzi sought help from his family physician, Dr. John F. Reinhardt, complaining of chronic and constant headache. After
an MR.I and other diagnostic work, Dr. Reinhardt diagnosed Ianuzzi as having whiplash, headaches and degenerative joint disease and referred him to Dr. James Burke, a brain surgeon, for pain management. Upon examination, Dr. Burke noted that Ianuzzi had radiographic evidence of degenerative disc disease of the cervical spine and appeared to be symptomatic for occipital neuralgia.
Dr. Burke turned the pain management responsibilities over to Dr. John Johnson, an anesthesiologist, on May 31, 2005. Dr. Johnson was Ianuzzi’s treating, pain management physician continually from that date through July 20, 2006, when he submitted the report that is relevant here. Dr. Johnson’s initial, primary diagnoses were: (1) bilateral occipital neuralgia; (2) myofascial pain; and (3) cervical and lumbar radiculitis. In the course of regular visits during this period, Dr. Johnson treated Ianuzzi with trigger point injections, occipital nerve blocks, cervical epidural steroid injections, and multiple medications. These treatments produced short term relief, but the pain thereafter returned to or near the original levels.
The District Court accurately described Dr. Johnson’s July 20, 2006, report as follows:
In the report, Dr. Johnson indicates that he first saw Plaintiff on May 31, 2005 and that he last saw Plaintiff that day. Dr. Johnson listed Plaintiffs impairments as “occipital headaches 2-3x’s day — pain radiates to shoulders, back pain, neck pain.” Dr. Johnson noted that Plaintiff’s then current treatment included lumbar epidural steroid injections, cervical epidural steroid injections, bilateral occipital nerve blocks, Percocet and Fentanyl patches,
and he described Plaintiffs clinical findings as “tenderness in occipital regions bilaterally, tenderness along paraspinal musculature of cervical spine and diffuse tenderness in lumbar spine region.” Regarding Plaintiffs prognosis, the legible portion of Dr. Johnson’s response indicated that Plaintiffs pain would continue, and that his range of motion and activities would continue to be decreased.
Dr. Johnson indicated that Plaintiff was markedly limited in activities of daily living, social functioning, the ability to engage in sustained work and the ability to deal with stress, but that he was unable to evaluate Plaintiffs deficiencies of concentration, episodes of decompen-sation in work or work-like settings and ability to respond appropriately to coworkers, supervisors or the public.
District Court Opinion at 16-17.
In the ALJ’s view, “Dr. Johnson placed severe limitations on the claimant’s ability to perform mental work-related activities.” Adm. Record at 18.
Dr. Elizabeth Dunmore of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Disability Determination performed a consultive examination of Ia-nuzzi on January 27, 2006. She reported:
Since that time he has had problems with chronic migraines, neck and back pain. The back pain is the his [sic] most debilitating problem. The pain starts in his lower back and radiates into the legs. He also experiences pain at the back of
his neck. The pain is constant. It is 8/10 in severity. Percocet does help to take the edge off, but then he has problems with drowsiness. The pain is worse with the ambulation. He is especially bothered with steps. The patient had worked as a sales manager for automobile sales. He discontinue[d] this work in mare [sic] [March] of 2006 because of pain, headaches and inability to concentrate. He spends his day resting in a dark room and taking medications. * * *
IMPRESSION:
1. Chronic pain syndrome. The patient presents with a chronic pain syndrome as outlined above. He has severe subjective pain with minimal objective findings. The pain is chronic in nature and requires narcotic medications.
Adm. Record at 363; Adm. Record at 365.
III.
Discussion
We agree with the District Court that the record does not contain substantial evidence to support the conclusion that Ianuzzi has the residual functional capacity to do medium exertional level work. We also agree with the District Court that the ALJ stated alternative grounds for the denial of benefits to Ianuzzi and that we could affirm that denial if we found those grounds satisfactory. Our problem is that while the ALJ stated alternative grounds, he did so without satisfactorily addressing the substantial conflicting evidence. The controlling principle here is the one that we adopted in
Moret v. Karn,
746 F.2d 989 (3d Cir.1984), from Professor Davis’s preeminent treatise:
Even if the evidence in the record, combined with the reviewing court’s understanding of the law, is enough to support the order, the court may not uphold the order unless it is sustainable on the agency’s findings and for the reasons stated by the agency.
Id.
at 992 (quoting from K. Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 14:29 (1980)). While we are not prepared to say that the ALJ or the Appeals Council could not state reasons upon which the denial of benefits to Ianuzzi could be sustained, we find no reasoning in the record that we can endorse.
Ianuzzi’s primary problem is chronic and substantial pain. Every doctor who has treated him has so concluded and has aggressively treated him for that problem. Finding no evidence to the contrary, we conclude from their diagnoses and the potency of their prescribed treatments that all considered Ianuzzi’s pain problem to be a serious and constant one. Dr. Johnson, the treating physician who was responsible for the management of his pain over a substantial period of time and, accordingly, was in the best position to know, in the ALJ’s words, “placed severe limitations on the claimant’s ability to perform mental work-related activities.” Adm. Record at 18.
It was in this context that the ALJ, in finding Ianuzzi able to perform his prior employment, failed to address in any way why these severe limitations were consistent with his serving as an automobile sales representative and a credit manager.
Nor is a satisfactory explanation found elsewhere in the ALJ’s opinion. The ALJ did say that he gave “little weight” to Dr. Johnson’s assessment of Ianuzzi’s pain problem because he was an “anesthesiologist” and “not a mental health specialist and his treatment notes fail to document any mental health issues.” The record does not support, however, the notion that an anesthesiologist who practices pain management medicine is unqualified to assess the impact of pain on his or her patient’s life activities. Many anesthesiologists do practice pain management medicine, and Ianuzzi was referred to Dr. John
son precisely for that reason. While Dr. Johnson’s treatment notes may fail to document any mental health issues, they most certainly document a serious pain issue.
This is not a case in which the ALJ determined that there was no medically determinable impairment that could reasonably be expected to produce the alleged symptoms. He expressly disavowed such a problem:
After considering the evidence of record, the undersigned finds that the claimant’s medically determinable impairments could reasonably be expected to produce the alleged symptoms, but that the claimant’s statements concerning the intensity, persistence and limiting effects of these symptoms are not entirely credible.
Adm. Record at 17. It thus seems apparent that the ALJ’s problem was not with the medical evidence, but rather with the fact that he did not find Ianuzzi “entirely credible.” He fails to explain, however, what he found not credible and why.
IV.
Conclusion
We will reverse the judgment of the District Court and remand this matter to it with instructions to return it to the Commissioner for further proceedings. The Commissioner may either grant Ia-nuzzi the benefits claimed or reconsider his application.