NUMBER 13-10-00453-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
STEVEN FARIAS, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 319th District Court of Nueces County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Garza Memorandum Opinion by Justice Garza Appellant, Steven Farias, was convicted of robbery, a second-degree felony.
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 29.02(b) (West 2003). The trial court assessed
punishment at twelve years in the Institutional Division of the Texas Department of
Criminal Justice. By one issue on appeal, Farias complains that his sentence is
disproportionate to the seriousness of the alleged offense, in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. See U.S. CONST. amends.
VIII, XIV. We dismiss for want of jurisdiction.
I. BACKGROUND
A Nueces County grand jury indicted Farias on July 15, 2010 for the second-
degree felony offense of robbery. On August 6, 2010, Farias waived his right to a jury
trial, pleaded guilty to the charge, judicially confessed to committing the offense, and
stipulated to evidence supporting his plea. The trial court accepted the plea, found that
the evidence substantiated a finding of guilt, and assessed punishment at twelve years’
imprisonment. The trial court subsequently signed an order certifying that, because the
case ―is not a plea bargain case,‖ Farias had the right to appeal his conviction. This
appeal followed.
II. JURISDICTION
The State argues that we lack jurisdiction over the instant appeal. It contends
that, although the trial court did certify Farias’s right to appeal, that certification was
defective because this is, in fact, a plea bargain case and Farias does not have the right
to appeal under Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 25.2(a)(2). See TEX. R. APP. P.
25.2(a)(2) (stating that, ―[i]n a plea bargain case . . . a defendant may appeal only: (A)
those matters that were raised by written motion filed and ruled on before trial, or (B)
after getting the trial court’s permission to appeal.‖); see also Dears v. State, 154
S.W.3d 610, 614 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (noting that a certification is defective if it is
correct in form but, when compared with the record before the court, proves to be
inaccurate).
2 When the trial court’s certification of a defendant’s right to appeal is challenged
as defective, we must review the record to determine (1) whether the trial court’s
certification is correct, and (2) our jurisdiction. Dears, 154 S.W.3d at 613; Pena v.
State, 323 S.W.3d 522, 525 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2010, no pet.); Morgan v. State,
185 S.W.3d 535, 537 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2006, pet. ref’d).
We first determine whether this is, in fact, a plea-bargain case. In general, a plea
bargain occurs where: (1) an offer is made or promised, (2) by an agent of the State in
authority, (3) to promise a recommendation of sentence or some other concession such
as a reduced charge in the case, (4) subject to the approval of the trial judge. Pena,
323 S.W.3d at 525 (citing Wayne v. State, 756 S.W.2d 724, 728 (Tex. Crim. App.
1988)). There are two basic kinds of plea-bargaining: charge-bargaining and sentence-
bargaining. Morgan, 185 S.W.3d at 537 (citing Shankle v. State, 119 S.W.3d 808, 813
(Tex. Crim. App. 2003) (en banc)). Charge-bargaining involves whether a defendant
will plead guilty to the offense that has been alleged or to a lesser or related offense and
whether the prosecutor will dismiss, or refrain from bringing, other charges. Id.
Sentence-bargaining may be for binding or non-binding recommendations to the court
on sentences, including a recommended ―cap‖ on sentencing and a recommendation for
deferred-adjudication probation. Id. For purposes of determining a defendant’s right to
appeal, a plea bargain occurs when ―a defendant’s plea was guilty or nolo contendere
and the punishment did not exceed the punishment recommended by the prosecutor
and agreed to by the defendant . . . .‖ TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2).
3 The record before this Court shows unequivocally that Farias did, in fact, enter
into a plea bargain agreement with the State. First, Farias initialed and signed a form
containing various admonishments, which included the following:
With the assistance of my lawyer, I have entered into a plea bargain with the State. My lawyer has explained the plea bargain to me. I understand the plea bargain and I agree to it. I understand that if the Court follows the plea bargain, I am not allowed to appeal the judgment of the Court unless the Court gives me permission to appeal or except on those matters raised by pretrial motion and ruled upon by the Court. Nevertheless, I want the court to accept my plea and to follow the plea bargain agreement.
Second, the following statements were made during the hearing at which the trial court
accepted Farias’s plea:
THE COURT: All right. Mr. Farias, I have paperwork here in front of me. This is the Court’s paperwork in a plea proceeding. Here you tell the Court that you understand your rights, the punishment range for the offense; second degree felony is marked. You have signed certain portions where you give up certain rights, there is an application for deferred probation, and finally, then the Court’s notice to you regarding your appellate rights. And since you and the State have reached a plea agreement, there is no right to appeal. Did you and [defense counsel] go over all of this paperwork?
THE DEFENDANT: Sir, yes, sir, Your Honorable Judge.
THE COURT: Okay. And did he explain it all to you?
THE COURT: And did you understand it?
THE COURT: Did you sign it?
4 The prosecutor explained to the trial court as follows:
Judge, for the Court’s information, we have a plea agreement, a cap. In return for the Defendant’s plea of guilty the State has agreed to cap punishment at 15 years in the penitentiary. We point out to the Court that the Defendant has a prior burglary of a habitation conviction which means the State could make him a repeat felony offender and boost the punishment range to five to 99 years or life. The State is foregoing that also as part of a reward for him pleading guilty today. So the cap is to 15 years, and I believe the Defendant is going to ask for probation, Judge.
Defense counsel then acknowledged that the prosecutor’s recitation of the plea
agreement was correct. In accordance with the terms of the plea bargain agreement
with the State, the trial court then sentenced Farias to confinement for a term within the
agreed-upon punishment cap. See Morgan, 185 S.W.3d at 538. We conclude that this
is a plea-bargain case to which rule 25.2(a)(2) applies. See id.
Our conclusion that this is a plea-bargain case conflicts with the trial court’s rule
25.2(a)(2) certification, which stated that Farias has the right to appeal because ―this is
not a plea-bargain case.‖ See id. The purpose of the certification requirement is to
efficiently sort appealable cases from non-appealable cases. Id. (citing Greenwell v.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
NUMBER 13-10-00453-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
STEVEN FARIAS, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 319th District Court of Nueces County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Garza Memorandum Opinion by Justice Garza Appellant, Steven Farias, was convicted of robbery, a second-degree felony.
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 29.02(b) (West 2003). The trial court assessed
punishment at twelve years in the Institutional Division of the Texas Department of
Criminal Justice. By one issue on appeal, Farias complains that his sentence is
disproportionate to the seriousness of the alleged offense, in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. See U.S. CONST. amends.
VIII, XIV. We dismiss for want of jurisdiction.
I. BACKGROUND
A Nueces County grand jury indicted Farias on July 15, 2010 for the second-
degree felony offense of robbery. On August 6, 2010, Farias waived his right to a jury
trial, pleaded guilty to the charge, judicially confessed to committing the offense, and
stipulated to evidence supporting his plea. The trial court accepted the plea, found that
the evidence substantiated a finding of guilt, and assessed punishment at twelve years’
imprisonment. The trial court subsequently signed an order certifying that, because the
case ―is not a plea bargain case,‖ Farias had the right to appeal his conviction. This
appeal followed.
II. JURISDICTION
The State argues that we lack jurisdiction over the instant appeal. It contends
that, although the trial court did certify Farias’s right to appeal, that certification was
defective because this is, in fact, a plea bargain case and Farias does not have the right
to appeal under Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 25.2(a)(2). See TEX. R. APP. P.
25.2(a)(2) (stating that, ―[i]n a plea bargain case . . . a defendant may appeal only: (A)
those matters that were raised by written motion filed and ruled on before trial, or (B)
after getting the trial court’s permission to appeal.‖); see also Dears v. State, 154
S.W.3d 610, 614 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (noting that a certification is defective if it is
correct in form but, when compared with the record before the court, proves to be
inaccurate).
2 When the trial court’s certification of a defendant’s right to appeal is challenged
as defective, we must review the record to determine (1) whether the trial court’s
certification is correct, and (2) our jurisdiction. Dears, 154 S.W.3d at 613; Pena v.
State, 323 S.W.3d 522, 525 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2010, no pet.); Morgan v. State,
185 S.W.3d 535, 537 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2006, pet. ref’d).
We first determine whether this is, in fact, a plea-bargain case. In general, a plea
bargain occurs where: (1) an offer is made or promised, (2) by an agent of the State in
authority, (3) to promise a recommendation of sentence or some other concession such
as a reduced charge in the case, (4) subject to the approval of the trial judge. Pena,
323 S.W.3d at 525 (citing Wayne v. State, 756 S.W.2d 724, 728 (Tex. Crim. App.
1988)). There are two basic kinds of plea-bargaining: charge-bargaining and sentence-
bargaining. Morgan, 185 S.W.3d at 537 (citing Shankle v. State, 119 S.W.3d 808, 813
(Tex. Crim. App. 2003) (en banc)). Charge-bargaining involves whether a defendant
will plead guilty to the offense that has been alleged or to a lesser or related offense and
whether the prosecutor will dismiss, or refrain from bringing, other charges. Id.
Sentence-bargaining may be for binding or non-binding recommendations to the court
on sentences, including a recommended ―cap‖ on sentencing and a recommendation for
deferred-adjudication probation. Id. For purposes of determining a defendant’s right to
appeal, a plea bargain occurs when ―a defendant’s plea was guilty or nolo contendere
and the punishment did not exceed the punishment recommended by the prosecutor
and agreed to by the defendant . . . .‖ TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2).
3 The record before this Court shows unequivocally that Farias did, in fact, enter
into a plea bargain agreement with the State. First, Farias initialed and signed a form
containing various admonishments, which included the following:
With the assistance of my lawyer, I have entered into a plea bargain with the State. My lawyer has explained the plea bargain to me. I understand the plea bargain and I agree to it. I understand that if the Court follows the plea bargain, I am not allowed to appeal the judgment of the Court unless the Court gives me permission to appeal or except on those matters raised by pretrial motion and ruled upon by the Court. Nevertheless, I want the court to accept my plea and to follow the plea bargain agreement.
Second, the following statements were made during the hearing at which the trial court
accepted Farias’s plea:
THE COURT: All right. Mr. Farias, I have paperwork here in front of me. This is the Court’s paperwork in a plea proceeding. Here you tell the Court that you understand your rights, the punishment range for the offense; second degree felony is marked. You have signed certain portions where you give up certain rights, there is an application for deferred probation, and finally, then the Court’s notice to you regarding your appellate rights. And since you and the State have reached a plea agreement, there is no right to appeal. Did you and [defense counsel] go over all of this paperwork?
THE DEFENDANT: Sir, yes, sir, Your Honorable Judge.
THE COURT: Okay. And did he explain it all to you?
THE COURT: And did you understand it?
THE COURT: Did you sign it?
4 The prosecutor explained to the trial court as follows:
Judge, for the Court’s information, we have a plea agreement, a cap. In return for the Defendant’s plea of guilty the State has agreed to cap punishment at 15 years in the penitentiary. We point out to the Court that the Defendant has a prior burglary of a habitation conviction which means the State could make him a repeat felony offender and boost the punishment range to five to 99 years or life. The State is foregoing that also as part of a reward for him pleading guilty today. So the cap is to 15 years, and I believe the Defendant is going to ask for probation, Judge.
Defense counsel then acknowledged that the prosecutor’s recitation of the plea
agreement was correct. In accordance with the terms of the plea bargain agreement
with the State, the trial court then sentenced Farias to confinement for a term within the
agreed-upon punishment cap. See Morgan, 185 S.W.3d at 538. We conclude that this
is a plea-bargain case to which rule 25.2(a)(2) applies. See id.
Our conclusion that this is a plea-bargain case conflicts with the trial court’s rule
25.2(a)(2) certification, which stated that Farias has the right to appeal because ―this is
not a plea-bargain case.‖ See id. The purpose of the certification requirement is to
efficiently sort appealable cases from non-appealable cases. Id. (citing Greenwell v.
Court of Appeals for the 13th Judicial Dist., 159 S.W.3d 645, 649 (Tex. Crim. App.
2005)). Certification allows appealable cases to move through the system unhindered
while eliminating, at an early stage, the time and expense associated with non-
appealable cases. Id. When appeal is barred by rule 25.2(a)(2), the clerk’s and court
reporter’s records need not be prepared, counsel need not be appointed, and briefs
need not be filed. Id. On the other hand, if there is something in whatever record does
exist that indicates that an appellant has the right to appeal, the court of appeals must
determine whether the certification is deficient and resolve the conflict. Id. Thus, we
must resolve the conflict. Id.
5 A full record of the trial court proceedings has been filed in this case. Having
reviewed that record, see Dears, 154 S.W.3d at 613, we conclude that the trial court
erred in certifying that this ―is not a plea bargain case.‖1 Farias pleaded guilty to the
charged offense, the punishment did not exceed the punishment recommended by the
State, and the punishment is consistent with the agreement between Farias and the
State as that agreement appears in the plea hearing record. Moreover, there was no
written motion ruled on before trial, see TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2)(A); and the trial
court’s certification did not affirmatively grant permission to appeal but rather only
certified Farias’s right to appeal on grounds that this ―is not a plea-bargain case.‖ See
TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2)(B); Morgan, 185 S.W.3d at 538.
Instead, the record affirmatively demonstrates that Farias entered into a plea
bargain agreement with the State. Accordingly, the trial court’s certification was
incorrect, and ―[w]e resolve the deficiency in the trial court’s certification against a
finding of jurisdiction.‖ Morgan, 185 S.W.3d at 538. We conclude that we lack
jurisdiction to review Farias’s issue on appeal.2 TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a); see Pena, 323
1 The trial court also erred in stating, at the conclusion of Farias’s plea hearing, that ―this [sentence] did not happen pursuant to a plea agreement, you do have the right to appeal and I’ll give you that notice.‖ 2 We need not remand to the trial court to amend or correct its rule 25.2(a)(2) certification because the record affirmatively demonstrates that Farias does not have the right to appeal; thus, even if we were to order the trial court to amend its certification, Farias would still be unable to appeal his conviction. See Pena v. State, 323 S.W.3d 522, 526-27 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2010, no pet.) (stating that ―we do not need to order the trial court to correct the certification because the record affirmatively demonstrates that [appellant] does not have the right to appeal‖ and noting that ―an appellate court can use its discretion to determine when it is appropriate to require a new certification . . .‖); Morgan v. State, 185 S.W.3d 535, 538 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2006, pet. ref’d) (same); but see Menjivar v. State, 264 S.W.3d 137, 142 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) (―[W]hen the certification is defective by stating that a right of appeal exists where the record affirmatively shows no right of appeal, we must (1) order the trial court to amend the certification to correct the defect in the certification and (2) give both parties advance notice of our intent to dismiss the appeal.‖).
6 S.W.3d at 527; Morgan, 185 S.W.3d at 538 (citing Young v. State, 8 S.W.3d 656, 666-
67 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (en banc)).
III. CONCLUSION
The appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction.
DORI CONTRERAS GARZA Justice
Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b) Delivered and filed the 18th day of August, 2011.