Stephens v. Gilmour

Opinion

VERMONT SUPERIOR COURT CIVIL DIVISION Washington Unit Case No. 24-CV-04273 65 State Street Montpelier VT 05602 802-828-2091 www.vermontjudiciary.org

Juliet Stephens v. Shannon Gilmour

Opinion and Order on Ms. Gilmour’s Motion for Permission to File Interlocutory Appeal

This case is before the Court on Defendant Ms. Gilmour’s Motion for Permission to

File Interlocutory Appeal, pursuant to Vt. R. App. P. 5(b)(1). Ms. Gilmour seeks an

immediate appeal from the July 11, 2025, ruling granting Plaintiff Ms. Stephens’

renewed motion to dismiss Ms. Gilmour’s counterclaim for abuse of process. Ms.

Stephens opposes the motion. For the following reasons, the Court denies the request for

immediate appeal.

Vermont disfavors “piecemeal appeals,” and an appeal to the Vermont Supreme

Court prior to final judgment is an extraordinary remedy. See In re Hill, 149 Vt. 86, 86

(1987). Such an appeal is appropriate only where a proposed appeal: (1) involves a

controlling question of law (2) about which there exists substantial ground for difference

of opinion, and (3) an immediate appeal may materially advance the termination of the

litigation. Vt. R. App. P. 5(b)(1). “The three factors should be viewed together as the

statutory language equivalent of a direction to consider the probable gains and losses of

immediate appeal.” In re Pyramid, 141 Vt. 294, 302 (1994) (quoting 16 C. Wright, A.

Miller, E. Cooper, & E. Gressman, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil § 3930 (1977)).

The decision whether to grant a motion to appeal is committed to the trial court’s

discretion. State v. McCann, 149 Vt. 147, 151 (1987). Order Page 1 of 4 24-CV-04273 Juliet Stephens v. Shannon Gilmour Ms. Gilmour’s motion is denied initially because it is plainly out of time. She

wishes to appeal a decision that was entered on July 11. Her motion was filed on July

28, well outside the 14-day period for such a motion. See Vt. R. App. P. 5(b)(5) (The

motion requesting interlocutory review “must be filed within 14 days after entry of the

order or ruling appealed from.”). She asks the Court to overlook her tardiness “due to the

constitutional urgency of the issues presented and defendant’s pro se status,” but

nowhere explains why any neglect to file on time is excusable. See Vt. R. Civ. P.

6(b)(1)(B) (Court may extend time “on motion made after the time has expired if the

party failed to act because of excusable neglect”). Nor is any excusable neglect apparent

in the record. See In re von Turkovich, 2018 VT 57, ¶ 6, 207 Vt. 545, 549; In re Town of

Killington, 2003 VT 87A, ¶ 17, 176 Vt. 60, 68-69 (both discussing high bar of establishing

excusable neglect).1

Even had the motion been filed in a timely manner, however, granting permission

to appeal in this action would be wholly improvident. As to the “substantial ground for

difference of opinion” prong of the analysis, the Court notes that there were two abuse of

process claims in this case, one of which was plainly being asserted by Ms. Gilmour’s

minor daughter without counsel. The potential merit of that claim may be unclear, but it

was dismissed long ago because she was unrepresented, and it is not currently at issue.

The other claim is the one subject to the July 11 decision and Ms. Gilmour’s request for

interlocutory review. As the Court explained in the dismissal decision, though framed

with Ms. Gilmour in the position of plaintiff, the process was filed against her daughter.

The claim, if there is to be one, would be properly brought by her daughter, not Ms.

1 The same analysis applies to Ms. Gilmour’s tardy Reply Memorandum. The Court has considered it as well, however, and it does not alter the Court’s analysis. Order Page 2 of 4 24-CV-04273 Juliet Stephens v. Shannon Gilmour Gilmour. The Court perceives no substantial ground for difference of opinion on that

matter, and Ms. Gilmour has come forward with no authority to the contrary.

Nor will taking a potentially lengthy sojourn to the Supreme Court just as this

matter is about to proceed to trial likely to advance the termination of this case. Ms.

Gilmour may appeal the abuse-of-process ruling once final judgment is entered, if she

wishes. Otherwise, this is a straightforward landlord–tenant case in which the key

question of whether eviction is appropriate on these facts and in the face of Ms. Gilmour’s

defenses remains unresolved.

Further, Ms. Gilmour lives in shared space with Ms. Stephens in Ms. Stephens’

home, and both parties have made abundantly clear that their relationship has become

extremely stressed. Even if the Supreme Court were to view the abuse-of-process issue

differently than the trial court, an interlocutory reversal on that collateral matter would

not materially advance the termination of the core issues in the case. It would promise

only more delay. Both parties are entitled to a “just, speedy, and inexpensive”

determination of this case. Vt. R. Civ. P. 1. Interlocutory review now would seriously

undermine those interests.

As noted at the outset, the overriding policy in this state strongly favors appeals of

final judgments rather than interlocutory, piecemeal review. Beaupre v. Green Mountain

Power Corp., 168 Vt. 596, 597 (mem.). Untimeliness aside, Ms. Gilmour has offered no

convincing reason to depart from that general rule.

Order Page 3 of 4 24-CV-04273 Juliet Stephens v. Shannon Gilmour WHEREFORE, Ms. Gilmour’s Motion for Permission to File Interlocutory Appeal

is denied.

Electronically signed on Thursday, August 21, 2025, per V.R.E.F. 9(d).

_______________________ Timothy B. Tomasi Superior Court Judge

Order Page 4 of 4 24-CV-04273 Juliet Stephens v. Shannon Gilmour