1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please 2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. 3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated 4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does 5 not include the filing date. 6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
8 Plaintiff-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 30,617
10 DANA WITHROW,
11 Defendant-Appellant.
12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DOÑA ANA COUNTY 13 Stephen Bridgforth, District Judge
14 Gary K. King, Attorney General 15 Santa Fe, NM
16 for Appellee
17 Chief Public Defender 18 Kathleen T. Baldridge, Assistant Appellate Defender 19 Santa Fe, NM
20 for Appellant
21 MEMORANDUM OPINION
22 CASTILLO, Chief Judge. 1 Defendant appeals the revocation of his probation. This Court issued a notice
2 of proposed summary disposition, proposing to affirm. Defendant responded with a
3 memorandum in opposition, and we issued a second notice of proposed summary
4 disposition, in which we again proposed to affirm. Defendant has responded with a
5 second memorandum in opposition, which we have duly considered. As we are not
6 persuaded by Defendant’s arguments, we affirm.
7 In this Court’s second notice of proposed summary disposition, we proposed
8 to hold that: (1) the district court had subject matter jurisdiction to hold a hearing to
9 determine whether Defendant was a fugitive, see State v. Apache, 104 N.M. 290, 292,
10 720 P.2d 709, 711 (Ct. App. 1986) (stating that a “judicial determination of fugitive
11 status shall be made only after the probationer has been found and brought before the
12 court, regardless of whether this occurs before or after the date on which probation
13 was originally to have expired”); (2) substantial evidence supported a determination
14 that Defendant was a fugitive based on a finding that attempts to serve him would
15 have been futile, such that the district court had subject matter jurisdiction to revoke
16 Defendant’s probation, see id. (holding that there was substantial evidence that the
17 defendant was a fugitive when a warrant was issued and placed in the NCIC database
18 and the defendant admitted to absconding from supervision and changing residences
19 without permission); (3) the district court’s refusal to permit Defendant to introduce
2 1 evidence that the State did not attempt to serve the warrant was either not reserved for
2 appeal since it was not expressly reserved in Defendant’s guilty plea or in the district
3 court’s judgment, or was not reversible error because there was sufficient evidence to
4 support a conclusion that any attempt to serve him would have been futile; and (4) the
5 district court could refuse to give Defendant credit for time served on probation from
6 the date that Defendant absconded from probation, rather than from the date he
7 became a fugitive, see NMSA 1978, § 31-21-15(C) (1989) (“After hearing upon
8 return, if it appears that [the probationer] has violated the provisions of his release, the
9 court shall determine whether the time from the date of violation to the date of his
10 arrest, or any part of it, shall be counted as time served on probation.” (Emphasis
11 added.)).
12 In Defendant’s second memorandum in opposition, he responds to only two
13 aspects of this Court’s second proposed summary disposition. First, he states that
14 Defendant entered into a conditional plea agreement that reserved for appeal both the
15 denial of his motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction and the denial of his motion to
16 reopen the evidence so that he could present testimony that the State did not attempt
17 to serve the bench warrant after entering it into the NCIC database. [2nd MIO 1] He
18 cites to the plea agreement in support of this assertion but, contrary to Rule
19 5-304(A)(2) NMRA, the agreement does not expressly reserve “in writing” the right
3 1 to appeal “any specified pre-trial motion,” and the judgment does not provide any
2 indication that the plea was conditional or that any specified issues were reserved.
3 [RP 176-80, 183] However, assuming that there is evidence of record during the plea
4 hearing that would support Defendant’s assertion, see State v. Hodge, 118 N.M. 410,
5 417, 882 P.2d 1, 8 (1994) (stating that an appellate court can recognize a conditional
6 plea without written evidence when the record reveals that the defendant has met the
7 requirements for a conditional plea), it would not affect our proposed disposition. We
8 have addressed the merits of Defendant’s arguments regarding the district court’s lack
9 of subject matter jurisdiction, as we may do so regardless of whether they have been
10 reserved for appeal. See State v. Garcia, 2005-NMCA-065, ¶ 6, 137 N.M. 583, 113
11 P.3d 406 (stating that challenges to a district court’s subject matter jurisdiction cannot
12 be waived and may therefore be raised for the first time on appeal). With respect to
13 Defendant’s argument that the district court erred in refusing to permit him to reopen
14 the motion to dismiss in order to present evidence that the State did not attempt to
15 serve the warrant, we stated in our second notice of proposed summary disposition
16 that even if this issue had been reserved for appeal, it would not warrant reversal
17 where the State need not have made efforts to serve the warrant because there was
18 substantial evidence to support a conclusion that such an attempt would have been
19 futile. See State v. Jimenez, 2004-NMSC-012, ¶ 8, 135 N.M. 442, 90 P.3d 461
4 1 (stating that pursuant to Section 31-21-15(C), a defendant is a fugitive either if the
2 state unsuccessfully attempted to serve the bench warrant on the defendant or if any
3 attempt to serve the defendant would have been futile). As Defendant’s second
4 memorandum in opposition does not provide this Court with any reason to believe that
5 our conclusion regarding the sufficiency of the evidence on the issue of futility was
6 erroneous, Defendant has not established that reversal is warranted. See Hennessy v.
7 Duryea, 1998-NMCA-036, ¶ 24, 124 N.M. 754, 955 P.2d 683 (“Our courts have
8 repeatedly held that, in summary calendar cases, the burden is on the party opposing
9 the proposed disposition to clearly point out errors in fact or law.”).
10 The second point Defendant raises in his second memorandum in opposition is
11 that in entering his guilty plea to absconding from probation, Defendant did not
12 “concede” that any effort to locate him after the issuance of the bench warrant would
13 have been futile. [2nd MIO 1-2] However, this Court did not propose to conclude
14 that Defendant had made such a concession. Instead, we stated that the evidence that
15 the State entered the warrant into the NCIC database [DS 4; RP 139], combined with
16 Defendant’s no contest plea to the State’s allegations that Defendant absconded from
17 probation, that Defendant’s probation officer attempted to locate him at his last known
18 residence on one date, and then attempted to locate him at two other possible locations
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1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please 2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. 3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated 4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does 5 not include the filing date. 6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
8 Plaintiff-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 30,617
10 DANA WITHROW,
11 Defendant-Appellant.
12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DOÑA ANA COUNTY 13 Stephen Bridgforth, District Judge
14 Gary K. King, Attorney General 15 Santa Fe, NM
16 for Appellee
17 Chief Public Defender 18 Kathleen T. Baldridge, Assistant Appellate Defender 19 Santa Fe, NM
20 for Appellant
21 MEMORANDUM OPINION
22 CASTILLO, Chief Judge. 1 Defendant appeals the revocation of his probation. This Court issued a notice
2 of proposed summary disposition, proposing to affirm. Defendant responded with a
3 memorandum in opposition, and we issued a second notice of proposed summary
4 disposition, in which we again proposed to affirm. Defendant has responded with a
5 second memorandum in opposition, which we have duly considered. As we are not
6 persuaded by Defendant’s arguments, we affirm.
7 In this Court’s second notice of proposed summary disposition, we proposed
8 to hold that: (1) the district court had subject matter jurisdiction to hold a hearing to
9 determine whether Defendant was a fugitive, see State v. Apache, 104 N.M. 290, 292,
10 720 P.2d 709, 711 (Ct. App. 1986) (stating that a “judicial determination of fugitive
11 status shall be made only after the probationer has been found and brought before the
12 court, regardless of whether this occurs before or after the date on which probation
13 was originally to have expired”); (2) substantial evidence supported a determination
14 that Defendant was a fugitive based on a finding that attempts to serve him would
15 have been futile, such that the district court had subject matter jurisdiction to revoke
16 Defendant’s probation, see id. (holding that there was substantial evidence that the
17 defendant was a fugitive when a warrant was issued and placed in the NCIC database
18 and the defendant admitted to absconding from supervision and changing residences
19 without permission); (3) the district court’s refusal to permit Defendant to introduce
2 1 evidence that the State did not attempt to serve the warrant was either not reserved for
2 appeal since it was not expressly reserved in Defendant’s guilty plea or in the district
3 court’s judgment, or was not reversible error because there was sufficient evidence to
4 support a conclusion that any attempt to serve him would have been futile; and (4) the
5 district court could refuse to give Defendant credit for time served on probation from
6 the date that Defendant absconded from probation, rather than from the date he
7 became a fugitive, see NMSA 1978, § 31-21-15(C) (1989) (“After hearing upon
8 return, if it appears that [the probationer] has violated the provisions of his release, the
9 court shall determine whether the time from the date of violation to the date of his
10 arrest, or any part of it, shall be counted as time served on probation.” (Emphasis
11 added.)).
12 In Defendant’s second memorandum in opposition, he responds to only two
13 aspects of this Court’s second proposed summary disposition. First, he states that
14 Defendant entered into a conditional plea agreement that reserved for appeal both the
15 denial of his motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction and the denial of his motion to
16 reopen the evidence so that he could present testimony that the State did not attempt
17 to serve the bench warrant after entering it into the NCIC database. [2nd MIO 1] He
18 cites to the plea agreement in support of this assertion but, contrary to Rule
19 5-304(A)(2) NMRA, the agreement does not expressly reserve “in writing” the right
3 1 to appeal “any specified pre-trial motion,” and the judgment does not provide any
2 indication that the plea was conditional or that any specified issues were reserved.
3 [RP 176-80, 183] However, assuming that there is evidence of record during the plea
4 hearing that would support Defendant’s assertion, see State v. Hodge, 118 N.M. 410,
5 417, 882 P.2d 1, 8 (1994) (stating that an appellate court can recognize a conditional
6 plea without written evidence when the record reveals that the defendant has met the
7 requirements for a conditional plea), it would not affect our proposed disposition. We
8 have addressed the merits of Defendant’s arguments regarding the district court’s lack
9 of subject matter jurisdiction, as we may do so regardless of whether they have been
10 reserved for appeal. See State v. Garcia, 2005-NMCA-065, ¶ 6, 137 N.M. 583, 113
11 P.3d 406 (stating that challenges to a district court’s subject matter jurisdiction cannot
12 be waived and may therefore be raised for the first time on appeal). With respect to
13 Defendant’s argument that the district court erred in refusing to permit him to reopen
14 the motion to dismiss in order to present evidence that the State did not attempt to
15 serve the warrant, we stated in our second notice of proposed summary disposition
16 that even if this issue had been reserved for appeal, it would not warrant reversal
17 where the State need not have made efforts to serve the warrant because there was
18 substantial evidence to support a conclusion that such an attempt would have been
19 futile. See State v. Jimenez, 2004-NMSC-012, ¶ 8, 135 N.M. 442, 90 P.3d 461
4 1 (stating that pursuant to Section 31-21-15(C), a defendant is a fugitive either if the
2 state unsuccessfully attempted to serve the bench warrant on the defendant or if any
3 attempt to serve the defendant would have been futile). As Defendant’s second
4 memorandum in opposition does not provide this Court with any reason to believe that
5 our conclusion regarding the sufficiency of the evidence on the issue of futility was
6 erroneous, Defendant has not established that reversal is warranted. See Hennessy v.
7 Duryea, 1998-NMCA-036, ¶ 24, 124 N.M. 754, 955 P.2d 683 (“Our courts have
8 repeatedly held that, in summary calendar cases, the burden is on the party opposing
9 the proposed disposition to clearly point out errors in fact or law.”).
10 The second point Defendant raises in his second memorandum in opposition is
11 that in entering his guilty plea to absconding from probation, Defendant did not
12 “concede” that any effort to locate him after the issuance of the bench warrant would
13 have been futile. [2nd MIO 1-2] However, this Court did not propose to conclude
14 that Defendant had made such a concession. Instead, we stated that the evidence that
15 the State entered the warrant into the NCIC database [DS 4; RP 139], combined with
16 Defendant’s no contest plea to the State’s allegations that Defendant absconded from
17 probation, that Defendant’s probation officer attempted to locate him at his last known
18 residence on one date, and then attempted to locate him at two other possible locations
19 where he might be staying on two other dates, and that Defendant’s location was
5 1 unknown to the State as of April 2009 [RP 123, 183], and the district court’s finding
2 that when Defendant was finally arrested in January 2010, he was arrested by the
3 Unified Police Department in Utah [RP 178], was substantial evidence to support a
4 finding that an attempt to serve the warrant would have been futile since the State did
5 not know where Defendant was. See Apache, 104 N.M. at 292, 720 P.2d at 711
6 (holding that there was substantial evidence that the defendant was a fugitive when
7 a warrant was issued and placed in the NCIC database and the defendant admitted to
8 absconding from supervision and changing residences without permission).
9 Defendant has not challenged our conclusion that this evidence was sufficient to
10 support the district court’s finding, and we now hold that it was. Hennessy,
11 1998-NMCA-036, ¶ 24 (indicating that the party opposing a proposed summary
12 disposition has the burden of pointing out any errors of fact or law).
13 Therefore, for the reasons stated in this opinion and in our first and second
14 notices of proposed summary disposition, we affirm.
15 IT IS SO ORDERED.
16 __________________________________ 17 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Chief Judge
6 1 WE CONCUR:
2 __________________________________ 3 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Judge
4 __________________________________ 5 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge