State v. Winslow

2007 ME 124, 930 A.2d 1080, 2007 Me. LEXIS 124
Supreme Judicial Court of Maine·Decided August 30, 2007·Published·Cited by 15 cases

Opinion

CALKINS, J.

[¶ 1] Terrence E. Winslow appeals from a conviction entered in Superior Court (Knox County, Maréen, J.) for OUI (Class D), 29-A M.R.S. § 2411(1-A)(A) (2006), following a jury trial. Winslow argues that his conviction should be vacated because of prosecutorial misconduct. He also appeals his sentence contending that the court violated his right to a jury trial when it imposed a jail sentence, which had the effect of punishing him for demanding a jury trial.1 We affirm the judgment.

I. BACKGROUND

[¶ 2] Winslow was operating a motor vehicle on the night of September 4, 2004 in Rockland. Officer Smith of the Rock-land Police Department observed Win-slow’s vehicle moving down the center of the road and going over the double yellow line. Smith and his assisting officer, Waterman, approached the vehicle and saw that a rear light was not lit. As Smith spoke to Winslow, he noticed the odor of intoxicating liquor and saw that he had bloodshot and glassy eyes. Winslow appeared to be “slightly unsteady.” He denied that he had had anything to drink.

[¶ 3] Smith administered several sobriety tests on which Winslow’s performance was “poor.” Smith also performed the horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN) test, from which Smith concluded that Winslow was under the influence of a depressant. Smith also shined a light into Winslow’s nose and observed a chunk of white powder in the left nostril. Winslow denied using any prescription medications. Officer Finnegan, who had come to the scene, asked Winslow “what he had been snorting,” and Winslow said that he had been snorting Vicodin.

[¶ 4] The officers arrested Winslow for OUI. At the police station, Winslow was instructed to provide a urine specimen, which he did and which was sent to the chemist for testing. Waterman administered a breathalyzer test, which gave a result of a blood-alcohol level of .04%. At the jail Smith administered additional sobriety tests. The tests and Winslow’s performance on them were described in detail to the jury. Essentially, Winslow performed poorly on all of them. The HGN test was administered again, and Winslow continued to show signs consistent with someone who had taken a narcotic.

[¶ 5] A complaint was issued against Winslow charging him with OUI.2 The complaint included the following statement: “No Jail Requested.” Winslow pleaded not guilty in the District Court (Westcott, A.R.J.), and he made a timely demand for a jury trial pursuant to M.R.Crim. P. 22. Thereafter, Winslow requested that counsel be appointed for him, and the request was granted.

[¶ 6] Prior to trial, Winslow made an oral motion in limine to exclude evidence, which the court granted. The court ordered the State not to bring up the arrest of Winslow’s two passengers, who were arrested on probation violations at about the same time that Winslow was arrested for OUI, and the court instructed the State [1084] to tell its witnesses not to testify about the passengers’ arrests.

[¶ 7] Smith, Waterman, and Finnegan all testified at the trial. During her direct examination, when asked if she recalled the identification of the operator of the vehicle, Waterman answered ‘Winslow” and added: “There was also John Staples taken into custody for a probation violation.” The prosecutor immediately said: “Don’t get into that. Just focus on the defendant.”

[¶ 8] At the conclusion of Waterman’s direct testimony, Winslow moved for a mistrial because of Waterman’s mention of the passenger’s arrest. The court denied the motion and said it would give an instruction. On cross-examination, when Waterman was asked the reason that she, as back-up officer, had conducted the in-toxilyzer test, she said, “I don’t remember why. There were two individuals that were transported to the jail.... ” Winslow objected to this answer, and the prosecutor acknowledged that he had failed to instruct Waterman not to mention the arrest of the passengers. The court again said it would give a curative instruction to the jury.

[¶ 9] The State also presented the testimony of an expert witness, the chemist who tested Winslow’s urine. The expert testified that he found hydrocodone, the active ingredient in Vicodin, as well as oxycodone and nordiazepam, in the urine specimen.

[¶ 10] Winslow took the stand and testified that he had been to the Windsor Fair with friends on the evening of the arrest. He had only one wine cooler to drink because he had a severe toothache. To ease the tooth pain, he snorted Vicodin, which his dentist had prescribed and which a friend said would work faster if he snorted it. After leaving the fair, Winslow was pulled over at an OUI checkpoint in Union by a police officer, who let him go. He was then subsequently stopped by Smith in Rockland. Winslow testified that the Vicodin and the wine cooler did not “bother” his driving.

[¶ 11] Winslow presented Detective Burgess, who testified that he had worked at an OUI safety checkpoint on Route 17 the evening that Winslow had been arrested. Burgess did not remember stopping Win-slow, but he testified that he had spoken earlier to Winslow’s attorney and told him that he had stopped a work truck at the checkpoint. He said he had a brief contact with the operator but had no reason to detain him further. On cross-examination Burgess testified that he did not remember whether Winslow was the operator of any vehicle that he had stopped on September 4. Burgess testified that he was a domestic violence investigator and that the last time he made an OUI arrest was in the late 1990s. He testified that he had never been trained to recognize impairment caused by drugs.

[¶ 12] At the close of the evidence, Win-slow again brought up Waterman’s testimony about the arrested passengers. Winslow said to the court that “a correcting instruction ... will be fine to the defense.” After closing statements, during its general instructions, the court instructed the jury that the reference to passengers had nothing to do with the case and should be disregarded entirely.

[¶ 13] During his closing statement, the prosecutor said, “[W]hat I mentioned earlier about using your common experiences and common sense applies to the .04 as well. Now, we know that if you test at a .04 then you had more than one drink. There’s no question about that.” Winslow immediately objected, and the court stated, “The jury is aware that the closing is not evidence.” The prosecutor continued with the closing statement: “Again, if you drank only one wine cooler earlier in the [1085] night, I believe the testimony of the defendant was that he [ ] drank a wine cooler at the Windsor Fair, and then an hour and a half later he took an intoxilyzer test, you wouldn’t be at a .04. You would be much lower.”

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State v. Winslow, 2007 ME 124, 930 A.2d 1080, 2007 Me. LEXIS 124 (Me. 2007).

2007 ME 124 (State v. Winslow) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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