State v. Willis

2 S.W.3d 801, 1999 Mo. App. LEXIS 17, 1999 WL 124340
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedJanuary 5, 1999
DocketNo. WD 54550
StatusPublished
Cited by15 cases

This text of 2 S.W.3d 801 (State v. Willis) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Willis, 2 S.W.3d 801, 1999 Mo. App. LEXIS 17, 1999 WL 124340 (Mo. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

RIEDERER, Judge.

Elroy Willis appeals from his conviction for one count of involuntary manslaughter. Appellant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in permitting the State to use two letters he wrote to his wife from prison in violation of Rule 25.03(A)(2). Because we find the use of the letters resulted in fundamental unfairness, we reverse and remand for a new trial.

Factual and Procedural Background

On October 26, 1995, six weeks after the birth of her daughter Cyndee Willis, Cheryl Willis returned to work. Appellant, Cyndee’s father, cared for the child at home while Cheryl was at work. On December 7, 1995, Cheryl left for work at approximately 7:30 a.m. During that day, Rivian Hutton, who lived in the apartment across the hall from Willis, was home ill. Between 11:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m., the neighbor heard a thud like something falling or being thrown against the wall. She also heard Cyndee crying. Cheryl returned home from work at approximately 5:30 p.m. Appellant told Cheryl that Cyn-dee had had a bad day and that he did not want her to wake Cyndee since he just put her to sleep. Appellant soon left, after he borrowed some money and a bus pass from Cheryl. A short time after Appellant left, Cheryl went to check on Cyndee. Cheryl turned the light on in the baby’s bedroom and called Cyndee’s name. When Cyndee did not react, Cheryl put her face on the baby’s face. Cyndee’s face was cold. Cheryl then noticed white mucous running out of Cyndee’s nose and mouth. Cheryl wiped off the mucous and pulled the covers back to determine if Cyndee was breathing. When Cheryl determined that Cyndee was not breathing, she picked her up and attempted to resuscitate her, which only brought up more mucous. Cheryl then ran to Hutton’s apartment to call for paramedics. The paramedics responded and ultimately took the baby to the hospital. Ten minutes after arriving at the hospital, Cheryl was told that Cyndee was dead.

Another neighbor, Teresa Lee, noticed Appellant walking up the street in front of the apartment building at approximately 1:00 p.m. that day. She saw Appellant again around 6:00 p.m., standing on the side of the apartment building across from his own. About this time, Lee heard sirens and saw someone flagging down emergency vehicles. Lee said that although it was clear that the paramedics were going into Appellant’s apartment, Appellant remained on the side of the building and watched. Lee then saw Cheryl come out of the apartment building along with the paramedics carrying the baby. They walked right past Appellant and did not see him. Around 7:00 p.m., Appellant rode the bus to the hospital.

Officer Keli Theison and Detective Joseph Crayon of the Kansas City Police Department interviewed Cheryl and Appellant at the hospital. Appellant said that the baby had vomited a white substance that afternoon, that he had put the baby down for a nap around 4:45 p.m., and that he had checked on her around 5:20 p.m.

On the following morning, the Jackson County Medical Examiner, Dr. Thomas Young, performed an autopsy on Cyndee’s body. The autopsy revealed blood clots over the surface of the baby’s brain, a subarachnoid hemorrhage, an epidural and subdural hemorrhage in her spine, retinal hemorrhages in both her eyes, healing posterior rib fractures on both sides and multiple healing fractures in her arms and legs. Dr. Young concluded that the cause of death was a closed head injury which is characteristic of shaken baby syndrome. Dr. Young also determined that the death was not accidental. He found that the injuries the baby sustained are characteristic of shaken baby syndrome and that a [803]*803great deal of force, “a very severe whiplash type of injury event” would be necessary to cause the type of injuries the baby sustained. Dr. Young also said that the injuries happened recently, because after sustaining these injuries, the baby would not be alert, and would not eat, awaken, or respond. *

Three days later, on December 10, 1995, Detective Barrios, Detective Thompson and Detective Pruetting of the Kansas City Police Department went to the Willis residence and asked Cheryl and Appellant to come with them to the police station for questioning. Cheryl and Appellant were each questioned separately at police headquarters.

Appellant was informed of his Miranda rights. Appellant stated that he understood his rights and then signed and initialed a Miranda waiver form. Appellant was interviewed on videotape. Approximately an hour into the interview, Appellant stated that he was playing with Cyn-dee, throwing her up in the air and catching her when he dropped her and she hit the floor. Appellant also stated that he attempted to perform CPR.

On the day the trial started, the court conducted a pre-trial hearing on defense counsel’s motion to suppress statements. During the hearing, Appellant was called to testify about his statements to the police. Appellant testified that he had made up the story about dropping the baby, in order to protect Cheryl. The prosecutor, in her cross-examination, began referring to two letters Appellant wrote to Cheryl from prison. In the letters, Appellant wrote that he was sorry and that dropping the baby had been an accident. The State moved to admit the letters as State’s Exhibit C for purposes of the hearing only and claimed that, until Appellant said his statements to the police were made up, it had not intended to use the letters. The letters were admitted for purposes of the hearing, and the motion to suppress was denied. Jury selection commenced. The next morning, before the trial began, Appellant objected to the State’s use of the letters during the trial on the basis that the State had failed to disclose the letters timely and had thus violated the rules of discovery. The State justified its failure to disclose the letters by claiming that it did not intend to use the letters unless Appellant testified. Defense counsel’s objection to the use of the letters was overruled. Defense counsel also objected to the use of the letters prior to Appellant’s testimony. The trial court determined that the State had not complied with Rule 25.03(A)(2), but that Appellant was not prejudiced. At trial, Appellant testified, and the two letters were used by the State as a significant part of cross-examination. After the case was submitted, the jury sent a note to the judge during its deliberations asking to view the letters. Since the letters had not been admitted, the judge did not allow the jury to see the them.

I.

Appellant claims in his sole point on appeal that the trial court abused its discretion in permitting the State to use the two letters Appellant wrote to his wife from prison. Appellant maintains that the State faded to disclose the letters until the day of trial in violation of Rule 25.08(A)(2), and that the delay disabled the defense to which he was already committed and that the failure to timely disclose the letters affected the verdict.

A. Standard of Review

The determination of whether the State violated a rule of discovery rests within the sound discretion of the trial court. State v. White, 931 S.W.2d 825, 832 (Mo.App.1996). If a discovery violation occurs, the trial court also has discretion in selecting an appropriate remedy. Id. We review the trial court’s ruling for an abuse of discretion. Id. An abuse of discretion occurs where the remedy selected results in fundamental unfairness to the defendant, or the outcome of the case has been altered. State v.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

State of Missouri v. Martin Wright
Missouri Court of Appeals, 2024
State of Missouri v. Danielle Ann Zuroweste
570 S.W.3d 51 (Supreme Court of Missouri, 2019)
State v. Steidley
533 S.W.3d 762 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2017)
State of Missouri v. Michael L. Johnson
513 S.W.3d 360 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2016)
State v. Henderson
410 S.W.3d 760 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2013)
State v. Cross
421 S.W.3d 515 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2013)
State v. Zetina-Torres
400 S.W.3d 343 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2013)
Johnson v. State
330 S.W.3d 132 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2010)
State v. Jones
128 S.W.3d 110 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2003)
State v. Williams
119 S.W.3d 674 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2003)
State v. Farr
69 S.W.3d 517 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2001)
State v. Simonton
49 S.W.3d 766 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2001)
State v. Carlisle
995 S.W.2d 518 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 1999)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
2 S.W.3d 801, 1999 Mo. App. LEXIS 17, 1999 WL 124340, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-willis-moctapp-1999.