[Cite as State v. Wilcox, 2011-Ohio-5388.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 96079
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
ISSAC WILCOX DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-540046
BEFORE: Cooney, J., Stewart, P.J., and S. Gallagher, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 20, 2011 2
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Robert L. Tobik Chief Public Defender
Erika B. Cunliffe Assistant Public Defender 310 Lakeside Avenue Suite 200 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Norman Schroth Alison Foy Assistant County Prosecutors 8th Floor, Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J.:
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Issac Wilcox (“Wilcox”), appeals his kidnapping,
domestic violence, aggravated menacing, and having a weapon under disability
convictions. Finding no merit to his appeal, we affirm.
{¶ 2} In August 2010, Wilcox was charged in a nine-count indictment with one
count of felonious assault, two counts of kidnapping, one count of domestic violence, 3
four counts of aggravated menacing, and one count of having a weapon under disability.
The felonious assault and kidnapping charges carried one- and three-year firearm
specifications.
{¶ 3} Prior to the start of a jury trial, the State nolled the felonious assault charge
and one of the kidnapping charges. The case proceeded to trial, and Wilcox was found
guilty of all seven remaining charges, as well as a three-year firearm specification for the
single count of kidnapping. The trial court sentenced Wilcox to a total of nine years in
prison.
{¶ 4} Wilcox now appeals, raising two assignments of error.
{¶ 5} In his first assignment of error, Wilcox argues that he was denied his
constitutional right to a fair trial because the jury was repeatedly exposed to prejudicial
evidence.
{¶ 6} As a basic principle, all relevant evidence is admissible, unless the
probative value of that evidence is substantially outweighed by its prejudicial effect.
Evid.R. 403. “Relevant” evidence is defined as evidence having any tendency to make a
fact of consequence to the determination of the action more or less probable than it would
be without the evidence. See Evid.R. 401. The admission or exclusion of relevant
evidence rests within the sound discretion of the trial court. State v. Sage (1987), 31
Ohio St.3d 173, 510 N.E.2d 343. “[A] trial court’s decision to admit or exclude
evidence ‘will not be reversed unless there has been a clear and prejudicial abuse of 4
discretion.’” State v. Hancock, 108 Ohio St.3d 57, 2006-Ohio-160, 840 N.E.2d 1032,
quoting O’Brien v. Angley (1980), 63 Ohio St.2d 159, 163, 407 N.E.2d 490. “The term
‘abuse of discretion’ connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the
court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.” Blakemore v. Blakemore
(1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140.
{¶ 7} We first note that Wilcox’s counsel failed to object to all but one of the
comments that he now argues was prejudicial. Having failed to object to the testimony
during the trial, Wilcox has waived all but plain error. Plain error is an obvious error or
defect in the trial proceedings that affects a substantial right. Crim.R. 52(B). Under this
standard, reversal is warranted only when the outcome of the trial would have been
different without the error. State v. Long (1978), 53 Ohio St.2d 91, 372 N.E.2d 804,
paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶ 8} In regard to the sole comment to which Wilcox’s counsel objected, it was
on cross-examination by Wilcox’s counsel that the alleged victim, Bee Wherry
(“Wherry”), stated:
“It’s not a rug burn, and that’s what you have today is what was presented today. That’s what you have today, but it is not a rug burn. It’s not the first time he has beat me either.”
{¶ 9} Defense counsel objected to this comment, and the trial court sustained the
objection, instructing the jury to disregard Wherry’s last comment. A jury is presumed
to follow instructions, including curative instructions, given by a trial judge. State v. 5
Elko, Cuyahoga App. No. 83641, 2004-Ohio-5209; State v. Hardwick, Cuyahoga App.
No. 79701, 2002-Ohio-496. Wilcox has failed to provide any proof that the jury ignored
the trial court’s instructions, and therefore, we find no error.
{¶ 10} In addition, Wilcox argues that other references to past abuse made by
Wherry and other witnesses at trial prejudiced the jury. Evid.R. 404(B) states:
{¶ 11} “Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the
character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however,
be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent,
preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.”
{¶ 12} However, Wilcox concedes in his brief that many of the comments were
vague and did not specify any acts. Moreover, even without these comments regarding
past abuse of which Wilcox now complains, the State provided substantial evidence of
Wilcox’s guilt on the offenses charged. See State v. Hilton, Cuyahoga App. No. 89220,
2008-Ohio-3010. Thus, we find these comments do not constitute plain error because
the outcome of the trial would not have been different without them.
{¶ 13} Accordingly, Wilcox’s first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 14} In his second assignment of error, Wilcox argues that the State failed to
present sufficient evidence to sustain his convictions on the firearm specification and the
weapon-under-disability charge. 6
{¶ 15} A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a conviction
requires a court to determine whether the State has met its burden of production at trial.
State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 390, 1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541. On review
for sufficiency, courts are to assess not whether the State’s evidence is to be believed, but
whether, if believed, the evidence against a defendant would support a conviction. Id.
The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to
the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the
crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574
N.E.2d 492, paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶ 16} Wilcox was convicted of having a weapon under disability, as well as a
three-year firearm specification. R.C. 2923.13 provides that no person shall knowingly
have, carry, or use any firearm if that person has been convicted of any felony. Wilcox
stipulated to prior felony convictions before trial commenced.
{¶ 17} R.C. 2941.145 states that a three-year mandatory prison term shall be
imposed if the “offender had a firearm on or about the offender’s person or under the
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[Cite as State v. Wilcox, 2011-Ohio-5388.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 96079
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
ISSAC WILCOX DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-540046
BEFORE: Cooney, J., Stewart, P.J., and S. Gallagher, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 20, 2011 2
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Robert L. Tobik Chief Public Defender
Erika B. Cunliffe Assistant Public Defender 310 Lakeside Avenue Suite 200 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Norman Schroth Alison Foy Assistant County Prosecutors 8th Floor, Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J.:
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Issac Wilcox (“Wilcox”), appeals his kidnapping,
domestic violence, aggravated menacing, and having a weapon under disability
convictions. Finding no merit to his appeal, we affirm.
{¶ 2} In August 2010, Wilcox was charged in a nine-count indictment with one
count of felonious assault, two counts of kidnapping, one count of domestic violence, 3
four counts of aggravated menacing, and one count of having a weapon under disability.
The felonious assault and kidnapping charges carried one- and three-year firearm
specifications.
{¶ 3} Prior to the start of a jury trial, the State nolled the felonious assault charge
and one of the kidnapping charges. The case proceeded to trial, and Wilcox was found
guilty of all seven remaining charges, as well as a three-year firearm specification for the
single count of kidnapping. The trial court sentenced Wilcox to a total of nine years in
prison.
{¶ 4} Wilcox now appeals, raising two assignments of error.
{¶ 5} In his first assignment of error, Wilcox argues that he was denied his
constitutional right to a fair trial because the jury was repeatedly exposed to prejudicial
evidence.
{¶ 6} As a basic principle, all relevant evidence is admissible, unless the
probative value of that evidence is substantially outweighed by its prejudicial effect.
Evid.R. 403. “Relevant” evidence is defined as evidence having any tendency to make a
fact of consequence to the determination of the action more or less probable than it would
be without the evidence. See Evid.R. 401. The admission or exclusion of relevant
evidence rests within the sound discretion of the trial court. State v. Sage (1987), 31
Ohio St.3d 173, 510 N.E.2d 343. “[A] trial court’s decision to admit or exclude
evidence ‘will not be reversed unless there has been a clear and prejudicial abuse of 4
discretion.’” State v. Hancock, 108 Ohio St.3d 57, 2006-Ohio-160, 840 N.E.2d 1032,
quoting O’Brien v. Angley (1980), 63 Ohio St.2d 159, 163, 407 N.E.2d 490. “The term
‘abuse of discretion’ connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the
court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.” Blakemore v. Blakemore
(1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140.
{¶ 7} We first note that Wilcox’s counsel failed to object to all but one of the
comments that he now argues was prejudicial. Having failed to object to the testimony
during the trial, Wilcox has waived all but plain error. Plain error is an obvious error or
defect in the trial proceedings that affects a substantial right. Crim.R. 52(B). Under this
standard, reversal is warranted only when the outcome of the trial would have been
different without the error. State v. Long (1978), 53 Ohio St.2d 91, 372 N.E.2d 804,
paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶ 8} In regard to the sole comment to which Wilcox’s counsel objected, it was
on cross-examination by Wilcox’s counsel that the alleged victim, Bee Wherry
(“Wherry”), stated:
“It’s not a rug burn, and that’s what you have today is what was presented today. That’s what you have today, but it is not a rug burn. It’s not the first time he has beat me either.”
{¶ 9} Defense counsel objected to this comment, and the trial court sustained the
objection, instructing the jury to disregard Wherry’s last comment. A jury is presumed
to follow instructions, including curative instructions, given by a trial judge. State v. 5
Elko, Cuyahoga App. No. 83641, 2004-Ohio-5209; State v. Hardwick, Cuyahoga App.
No. 79701, 2002-Ohio-496. Wilcox has failed to provide any proof that the jury ignored
the trial court’s instructions, and therefore, we find no error.
{¶ 10} In addition, Wilcox argues that other references to past abuse made by
Wherry and other witnesses at trial prejudiced the jury. Evid.R. 404(B) states:
{¶ 11} “Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the
character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however,
be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent,
preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.”
{¶ 12} However, Wilcox concedes in his brief that many of the comments were
vague and did not specify any acts. Moreover, even without these comments regarding
past abuse of which Wilcox now complains, the State provided substantial evidence of
Wilcox’s guilt on the offenses charged. See State v. Hilton, Cuyahoga App. No. 89220,
2008-Ohio-3010. Thus, we find these comments do not constitute plain error because
the outcome of the trial would not have been different without them.
{¶ 13} Accordingly, Wilcox’s first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 14} In his second assignment of error, Wilcox argues that the State failed to
present sufficient evidence to sustain his convictions on the firearm specification and the
weapon-under-disability charge. 6
{¶ 15} A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a conviction
requires a court to determine whether the State has met its burden of production at trial.
State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 390, 1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541. On review
for sufficiency, courts are to assess not whether the State’s evidence is to be believed, but
whether, if believed, the evidence against a defendant would support a conviction. Id.
The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to
the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the
crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574
N.E.2d 492, paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶ 16} Wilcox was convicted of having a weapon under disability, as well as a
three-year firearm specification. R.C. 2923.13 provides that no person shall knowingly
have, carry, or use any firearm if that person has been convicted of any felony. Wilcox
stipulated to prior felony convictions before trial commenced.
{¶ 17} R.C. 2941.145 states that a three-year mandatory prison term shall be
imposed if the “offender had a firearm on or about the offender’s person or under the
offender’s control while committing the offense and displayed the firearm, brandished the
firearm, indicated that the offender possessed the firearm, or used it to facilitate the
offense.” R.C. 2923.11 defines a firearm as “any deadly weapon capable of expelling or
propelling one or more projectiles by the action of any explosive or combustible 7
propellant.” This definition includes an “unloaded firearm, and any firearm that is
inoperable but that can readily be rendered operable.” R.C. 2923.11(B)(1).
{¶ 18} Wilcox claims that there is insufficient evidence that he had an operable
gun on his person at the time of the kidnapping. He does not dispute that he had
Wherry’s gun in his possession throughout the incident. This court previously addressed
this issue in State v. Nicholson, Cuyahoga App. No. 85977, 2006-Ohio-1569, and found
the following:
“According to the Ohio Supreme Court, a firearm specification can be proven beyond a reasonable doubt by circumstantial evidence. That evidence may consist of the testimony of lay witnesses who were in a position to observe the instrument and the circumstances of the crime.
{¶ 19} “Furthermore, in Thompkins the Ohio Supreme Court rejected the view that
the circumstantial proof of operability must consist of certain recognized indicia, such as
bullets, the smell of gunpowder, bullet holes, or verbal threats by the user of the weapon
that he or she would shoot the victim.” (Citations omitted.)
{¶ 20} In regard to operability in the instant case, Wherry testified that Wilcox
gestured to the gun multiple times and twice threatened to shoot her while inside the
vehicle and again inside her home. Moreover, Wherry testified that the gun was
operable because she had fired it the day she purchased it.
{¶ 21} After viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, we
find sufficient evidence to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that Wilcox possessed an 8
operable firearm at the time of the kidnapping, thus supporting his firearm specification
and weapon-under-disability conviction.
{¶ 22} Accordingly, the second assignment of error is overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having
been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court
for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
______________________________________________ COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, JUDGE
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., CONCURS; MELODY J. STEWART, P.J., CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY