State v. Whitacker

2020 Ohio 4249

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: August 28, 2020
• Docket: WD-19-038, WD-19-039, WD-19-040
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Whitacker, 2020-Ohio-4249.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WOOD COUNTY

State of Ohio Court of Appeals Nos. WD-19-038 WD-19-039 Appellee WD-19-040

v. Trial Court Nos. 2016CR0004 2016CR0129 Jesse Whitacker 2016CR0459

Appellant DECISION AND JUDGMENT

Decided: August 28, 2020

*****

Paul A. Dobson, Wood County Prosecuting Attorney, and David T. Harold, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.

Michael B. Kelley, for appellant.

MAYLE, J.

{¶ 1} In this consolidated appeal, Jesse Whitacker appeals the June 24, 2019

judgment of the Wood County Court of Common Pleas sentencing him to an aggregate

prison term of three years. For the following reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial

court. I. Background

{¶ 2} This consolidated appeal involves three separate cases from the Wood

County Court of Common Pleas: (1) case No. 2016CR004, in which Whitacker was

charged with one count of aggravated possession of drugs in violation of R.C.

2925.11(A)(C)(1), a felony of the fifth degree; (2) case No. 2016CR129, in which

Whitacker was charged with aggravated possession of drugs in violation of R.C.

2925.11(A)(6)(a), a felony of the fifth degree; and (3) case No. 2016CR0459, in which

Whitacker was charged with trafficking in cocaine in violation of R.C.

2925.03(A)(1)(C)(4)(a), a felony of the fifth degree.

{¶ 3} Whitacker initially entered a not guilty plea to each charge. On

December 16, 2016, following plea negotiations with the state, Whitacker appeared for a

combined change of plea hearing and agreed to enter a guilty plea in each case. The trial

court accepted Whitacker’s guilty pleas, advised him of Crim.R. 11 rights, and ordered

him to participate in a presentence investigation.

{¶ 4} On February 6, 2017, the trial court sentenced Whitacker to three years of

community control, with 15 separate conditions. Additionally, in case No. 2016CR004,

the trial court ordered Whitacker to enter into and complete the SEARCH substance

abuse treatment program at the Northwest Community Corrections Center as a condition

of community control. The trial court informed Whitaker that if he violated the

conditions of his community control, the trial court would impose 12-month prison

sentences for each conviction, and order the prison sentences to be served consecutively.

2. {¶ 5} Although Whitacker successfully completed the SEARCH Program, he

violated other conditions of his community control. On January 5, 2018, the state filed a

petition to revoke Whitacker’s community control because Whitacker was arrested for

operating a vehicle while intoxicated and tested positive for cocaine and fentanyl. On

February 5, 2018, Whitacker admitted these allegations, and the trial court found that he

had violated the terms of his community control. As a sanction, the trial court extended

Whitacker’s term of community control by an additional year. The trial court also

ordered Whitacker to continue to abide by all conditions originally imposed.

{¶ 6} On June 5, 2018, the state filed a second petition for revocation of

community control. The state alleged that Whitacker failed a scheduled drug test by

testing positive for suboxone and fentanyl. Whitacker again admitted to the violations.

Whitacker was ordered to continue on community control under the same conditions as

originally imposed. In addition, with respect to case No. 2016CR0129, the trial court

ordered Whitacker to re-enter and complete the SEARCH program at the Northwest

Community Corrections Center.

{¶ 7} On January 9, 2019, the state filed a third petition for revocation of

community control. The state alleged Whitacker failed a scheduled dug test by testing

positive for fentanyl. Whitacker admitted to the violation at a January 14, 2019 hearing.

The trial court found that Whitacker had violated the conditions of his community control

and set the matter for disposition on April 15, 2019.

3. {¶ 8} On April 2, 2019, prior to disposition, the state filed a fourth petition for

revocation of community control. The state alleged that Whitacker failed to report to the

probation department as required by the terms of his community control. As a result of

this petition, Whitacker appeared for a bond revocation hearing on April 8, 2019. At that

time, he underwent a drug screening and tested positive for suboxone and fentanyl. The

state filed an “addendum” to its April 2, 2019 petition—a fifth petition to revoke

community control—adding the most-recent positive drug screening as an additional

reason to revoke Whitacker’s community control.

{¶ 9} At his April 15, 2019 sentencing, Whitacker admitted to the violations

identified in the April 2, 2019 petition and the April 8, 2019 addendum. The trial court

accepted Whitacker’s admission and proceeded with sentencing. The trial court

determined that Whitacker was no longer amenable to community control and imposed a

one-year prison term on each of Whitacker’s convictions. The trial court ordered the

sentences to be served consecutively for a total aggregate prison term of three years.

Whitacker timely appealed and asserts the following error for our review:

1. It is plain error and an abuse of discretion for the trial court to

sentence Appellant to prison exceeding ninety days on a felony of the fifth

degree for a technical violation of ORC 2929.15(B)(1)(c)(i).

II. Law and Analysis

{¶ 10} We review felony sentences under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). State v. Goings, 6th

Dist. Lucas No. L-13-1103, 2014-Ohio-2322, ¶ 20. We may increase, modify, or vacate

4. and remand a judgment only if we clearly and convincingly find either of the following:

“(a) the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings under division (B) or (D)

of section 2929.13, division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of section 2929.14, or division (I) of

section 2929.20 of the Revised Code, whichever, if any, is relevant” or “(b) the sentence is

otherwise contrary to law.” State v. Yeager, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-15-025, 2016-

Ohio-4759, ¶ 7, citing R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).

{¶ 11} Here, Whitacker argues that his felony sentences are contrary to law

because they violate R.C. 2929.15(B), which provides:

(B)(1) If the conditions of a community control sanction are violated

or if the offender violates a law or leaves the state without the permission of

the court or the offender's probation officer, the sentencing court may

impose upon the violator one or more of the following penalties:

***

(c) A prison term on the offender pursuant to section 2929.14 of the

Revised Code and division (B)(3) of this section, provided that a prison

term imposed under this division is subject to the following limitations, as

applicable:

(i) If the prison term is imposed for any technical violation of the

conditions of a community control sanction imposed for a felony of the

fifth degree or for any violation of law committed while under a community

control sanction imposed for such a felony that consists of a new criminal

5. offense and that is not a felony, the prison term shall not exceed ninety

days.

{¶ 12} Accordingly, a prison term imposed following a technical violation of the

conditions of community control is contrary to law if it exceeds the applicable time limits

established in R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c). See State v. Goetz, 6th Dist. No. Ottawa Nos.

OT-19-013, OT-19-014, 2019-Ohio-5424, ¶ 17. Here, it is Whitacker’s burden to

demonstrate, by clear and convincing evidence, that his violations were technical in

nature—and, therefore, that the trial court erred by imposing a prison sentence that

exceeded the applicable 90-day limit established in R.C. 2929.15(B). State v. Moore,

12th Dist. Butler No. CA2007-03-060, 2008-Ohio-1477, ¶ 12, citing State v. Costlow, 8th

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 89501, 2008-Ohio-1097, ¶ 15.

{¶ 13} The Supreme Court of Ohio recently held that a “violation is ‘nontechnical’

if, considering the totality of the circumstances, the violation concerns a condition of

community control that was ‘specifically tailored to address’ matters related to the

defendant’s misconduct or if it can be deemed a ‘substantive rehabilitative requirement

which addressed a significant factor contributing to’ the defendant's misconduct.” State

v. Nelson, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3690, ¶ 26, citing State v. Davis, 12th Dist.

Warren No. CA2017-11-156, 2018-Ohio-2672, ¶ 17, 18; see also State v. Calhoun, 6th

Dist. Wood No. WD-17-067, 2019-Ohio-228, ¶ 30 (a violation is nontechnical if the

condition violated “a specifically tailored substantive rehabilitative requirement” as

opposed to “a general administrative requirement to facilitate supervision during the

6. period of the sanction.”) In addition, a trial court “may find a violation to be more

serious—and therefore nontechnical— based in part on the manner in which the violation

occurred; it is not constrained to reviewing only the nature of the condition itself.” Id. at

¶ 23 (emphasis sic). “[T]he statute allows the trial court to engage in a practical

assessment of the case before it, i.e., to consider the nature of the community-control

condition at issue and the manner in which it was violated as well as any other relevant

circumstances in the case.” Id. at ¶ 26. “There is no single factor that determine[s]

whether a violation is technical or nontechnical.” Id.

{¶ 14} Whitacker argues that his most-recent violations—i.e., his admitted use of

illegal drugs—were technical in nature because the requirement that he refrain from using

drugs was a general administrative condition of his community control rather than a

specifically tailored substantive rehabilitative requirement. Whitacker also argues that

his violations were technical because they did not result in new felony charges. We

disagree for several reasons.

{¶ 15} First, Whitacker was convicted of two counts of drug possession and one

count of drug trafficking. Given that his convictions were for drug-related offenses, we

find that the community control conditions that prohibited drug use were substantive

rehabilitative requirements rather than general administrative requirements to facilitate

his supervision. See State v. Hope, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-18-080, 2019-Ohio-3023

(holding a defendant’s failure to appear for and pass drug tests violated substantive

rehabilitative requirements and were nontechnical violations). Accordingly, when he

7. tested positive for drugs, he violated substantive rehabilitative requirements of his

community control. The trial court therefore did not err when it determined that

Whitacker’s violations were nontechnical.

{¶ 16} Second, at sentencing, the trial court recounted Whitacker’s history of

repeated community control violations. The trial court also noted that while Whitacker

had some success in drug treatment programming, he nevertheless continued to use drugs

in violation of his community control conditions. In accordance with Nelson, the trial

court engaged in a practical assessment of the case before it, and considered the manner

in which Whitacker’s violations had occurred. We find that Whitacker’s repeated

violations, particularly in light of the nature of his convictions, supports the trial court’s

conclusion that the violations were nontechnical. Nelson at ¶ 26.

{¶ 17} Finally, contrary to Whitacker’s argument, it is immaterial that his

violations did not constitute new felonies. “The determination whether a violation is a

‘technical violation’ under R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c) does not turn on whether the conduct at

issue is criminal.” Nelson at ¶ 26. In Nelson, the Supreme Court of Ohio explicitly

rejected the proposition that all noncriminal conduct necessarily results in a technical

violation of community control conditions. Id. at ¶ 27. Rather, trial courts have

discretion to consider the nature of the violation on a case-by-case basis when

determining whether the violation was technical or nontechnical.

{¶ 18} In sum, the trial court’s determination that appellant’s violations of the

conditions of his community control were nontechnical is supported by the record, and

8. Whitacker fails to identify any evidence to the contrary. As a result, the 90-day time

limit established in R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c)(i) for prison terms resulting from a technical

community control violation is not applicable to Whitacker’s sentence. The trial court’s

imposition of a one-year prison term on each of Whitaker’s convictions is not contrary to

law and his assignment of error is found not well-taken.

III. Conclusion

{¶ 19} We find appellant’s assignment of error not well-taken. We therefore

affirm the June 24, 2019 judgment of the Wood County Court of Common Pleas.

Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.

Judgment affirmed.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.

Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Christine E. Mayle, J. _______________________________ Gene A. Zmuda, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE

This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.

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