[Cite as State v. Watkins, 2018-Ohio-5055.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT ALLEN COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 1-18-32
v.
THOMAS B. WATKINS, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Allen County Common Pleas Court Trial Court No. CR2017 0271
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: December 17, 2018
APPEARANCES:
Thomas Watkins, Appellant
Jana E. Emerick for Appellee Case No. 1-18-32
ZIMMERMAN, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Thomas B. Watkins (“Watkins”), pro se, appeals
the May 18, 2018 judgment entry of sentence of the Allen County Court of Common
Pleas. We affirm.
{¶2} On October 13, 2017, the Allen County Grand Jury indicted Watkins
on Count One of burglary in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A)(1), (D), a second-degree
felony and Count Two of violating a protection order in violation of R.C.
2919.27(A)(1), (B)(4), a third-degree felony. (Doc. No. 3). On October 30, 2017,
Watkins appeared for arraignment and pled not guilty to the counts of the
indictment. (Doc. No. 10).
{¶3} On November 28, 2017, the State filed a motion to join this case with
another case of Watkins’s (case number CR 2017 0373), which the trial court
granted on April 18, 2018. (Doc. Nos. 38, 75).
{¶4} On May 16, 2018, Watkins withdrew his pleas of not guilty and entered
guilty pleas, under a written plea agreement, to both counts in the indictment. (Doc.
No. 121). In exchange for his change of pleas, the State agreed to dismiss case
number CR 2017 0373 and recommend that Watkins serve a four-year prison
sentence. (Id.). The trial court accepted Watkins’s guilty pleas, found him guilty,
and imposed the sentence recommended by the parties. (Doc. No. 123). The trial
-2- Case No. 1-18-32
court filed its judgment entries of conviction and sentence on May 18, 2018. (Doc.
Nos. 121, 123).
{¶5} On June 15, 2018, Watkins filed a notice of appeal. (Doc. No. 133).
He raises one assignment of error for our review.
Assignment of Error
Watkins’ Guilty Pleas Were Entered in Violation of the Due Process Clause to the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution as a Direct Result of Being Deprived Effective Assistance of Counsel.
{¶6} In his assignment of error, Watkins argues that his guilty pleas were not
knowing, intelligent, or voluntary because his trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to advise him that his right to a speedy trial was violated.
Standard of Review
{¶7} A defendant asserting a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel must
establish: (1) the counsel’s performance was deficient or unreasonable under the
circumstances; and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced the defendant. State v.
Kole, 92 Ohio St.3d 303, 306 (2001), citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
687, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984). To establish prejudice when ineffective assistance of
counsel relates to a guilty plea, a defendant must show there is a reasonable
probability that but for counsel’s deficient or unreasonable performance the
defendant would not have pled guilty. State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 524 (1992),
-3- Case No. 1-18-32
citing Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59, 106 S.Ct. 366 (1985); Strickland, 466 U.S.
at 687.
Analysis
{¶8} Watkins’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim centers on his trial
counsel’s alleged failure to advise him prior to permitting him to plead guilty that
his speedy-trial rights had been violated. In other words, Watkins asserts that he
would not have pled guilty if his trial counsel had informed him of the speedy-trial
violation. See State v. Street, 3d Dist. Hancock No. 5-98-09, 1998 WL 682284, *2
(Sept. 30, 1998) (“If a defendant can demonstrate that he received ineffective
assistance of counsel in entering his guilty plea and that but for that ineffective
assistance he would have proceeded to trial, then we would be required to reverse a
defendant’s sentence and remand the matter to the trial court to allow the defendant
to withdraw his plea.”); State v. Matland, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 09-MA-115,
2010-Ohio-6585, ¶ 17 (stating that “allowing ‘a defendant to enter a guilty plea after
speedy trial time had expired would amount to ineffective assistance of counsel, and
thus, could affect the knowing and voluntary nature of the plea.’”), quoting State v.
Heverly, 7th Dist. Columbiana No. 09 CO 4, 2010-Ohio-1005, ¶ 10, and citing State
v. Gray, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 20980, 2007-Ohio-4549, ¶ 21 (concluding that,
where trial counsel permitted the defendant to execute a waiver of his speedy-trial
rights and later admitted that she was unaware that the time limit had run, “counsel’s
-4- Case No. 1-18-32
failure to move for dismissal strays outside the range of reasonable assistance”).
Therefore, an analysis of Watkins’s assignment of error necessitates a review of the
law pertaining to speedy-trial rights. See Matland at ¶ 15.
{¶9} “An accused is guaranteed the constitutional right to a speedy trial
pursuant to the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution
and Ohio Constitution, Article I, Section 10.” State v. Ferguson, 10th Dist. Franklin
No. 16AP-307, 2016-Ohio-8537, ¶ 12, citing State v. Taylor, 98 Ohio St.3d 27,
2002-Ohio-7017, ¶ 32. “Ohio’s speedy trial statutes, found in R.C. 2945.71 et seq.,
were implemented to enforce those constitutional guarantees.” Id., citing
Brecksville v. Cook, 75 Ohio St.3d 53, 55 (1996) and State v. Blackburn, 118 Ohio
St.3d 163, 2008-Ohio-1823, ¶ 10. “The proper standard of review in speedy trial
cases is to simply count the number of days passed, while determining to which
party the time is chargeable, as directed in R.C. 2945.71 and 2945.72.” Id., citing
State v. Jackson, 10th Dist. No. 02AP-468, 2003-Ohio-1653, ¶ 32, citing State v.
DePue, 96 Ohio App.3d 513, 516 (4th Dist.1994).
{¶10} “R.C. 2945.71 provides the timeframe for a defendant’s right to a
speedy trial based on the level of offense.” Matland at ¶ 19. “[A] person against
whom a charge of felony is pending shall be brought to trial within two hundred
seventy days after his arrest.” R.C. 2945.71(C)(2). “The date of the arrest is not
included for the purpose of calculating time under the statutes for a speedy trial.”
-5- Case No. 1-18-32
State v. Taylor, 3d Dist. Allen No. 1-13-46, 2014-Ohio-1793, ¶ 27, citing State v.
Huston, 3d Dist. Wyandot Nos. 16-05-23 and 16-05-24, 2006-Ohio-6857, ¶ 7.
“However, each day the defendant spends in jail solely on the pending criminal
charge counts as three days.” Matland at ¶ 19, citing R.C. 2945.71(E).
{¶11} “R.C. 2945.72 allows for an extension of the time that the accused
must be brought to trial under certain circumstances.” Taylor at ¶ 28. Excluded
from the speedy trial calculation is “[a]ny period of delay necessitated by reason of
a plea in bar or abatement, motion, proceeding, or action made or instituted by the
accused.” R.C. 2945.72(E). Also excluded from the speedy-trial calculation is
“[t]he period of any continuance granted on the accused’s own motion, and the
period of any reasonable continuance granted other than upon the accused’s own
motion.” R.C. 2945.72(H).
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[Cite as State v. Watkins, 2018-Ohio-5055.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT ALLEN COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 1-18-32
v.
THOMAS B. WATKINS, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Allen County Common Pleas Court Trial Court No. CR2017 0271
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: December 17, 2018
APPEARANCES:
Thomas Watkins, Appellant
Jana E. Emerick for Appellee Case No. 1-18-32
ZIMMERMAN, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Thomas B. Watkins (“Watkins”), pro se, appeals
the May 18, 2018 judgment entry of sentence of the Allen County Court of Common
Pleas. We affirm.
{¶2} On October 13, 2017, the Allen County Grand Jury indicted Watkins
on Count One of burglary in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A)(1), (D), a second-degree
felony and Count Two of violating a protection order in violation of R.C.
2919.27(A)(1), (B)(4), a third-degree felony. (Doc. No. 3). On October 30, 2017,
Watkins appeared for arraignment and pled not guilty to the counts of the
indictment. (Doc. No. 10).
{¶3} On November 28, 2017, the State filed a motion to join this case with
another case of Watkins’s (case number CR 2017 0373), which the trial court
granted on April 18, 2018. (Doc. Nos. 38, 75).
{¶4} On May 16, 2018, Watkins withdrew his pleas of not guilty and entered
guilty pleas, under a written plea agreement, to both counts in the indictment. (Doc.
No. 121). In exchange for his change of pleas, the State agreed to dismiss case
number CR 2017 0373 and recommend that Watkins serve a four-year prison
sentence. (Id.). The trial court accepted Watkins’s guilty pleas, found him guilty,
and imposed the sentence recommended by the parties. (Doc. No. 123). The trial
-2- Case No. 1-18-32
court filed its judgment entries of conviction and sentence on May 18, 2018. (Doc.
Nos. 121, 123).
{¶5} On June 15, 2018, Watkins filed a notice of appeal. (Doc. No. 133).
He raises one assignment of error for our review.
Assignment of Error
Watkins’ Guilty Pleas Were Entered in Violation of the Due Process Clause to the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution as a Direct Result of Being Deprived Effective Assistance of Counsel.
{¶6} In his assignment of error, Watkins argues that his guilty pleas were not
knowing, intelligent, or voluntary because his trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to advise him that his right to a speedy trial was violated.
Standard of Review
{¶7} A defendant asserting a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel must
establish: (1) the counsel’s performance was deficient or unreasonable under the
circumstances; and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced the defendant. State v.
Kole, 92 Ohio St.3d 303, 306 (2001), citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
687, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984). To establish prejudice when ineffective assistance of
counsel relates to a guilty plea, a defendant must show there is a reasonable
probability that but for counsel’s deficient or unreasonable performance the
defendant would not have pled guilty. State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 524 (1992),
-3- Case No. 1-18-32
citing Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59, 106 S.Ct. 366 (1985); Strickland, 466 U.S.
at 687.
Analysis
{¶8} Watkins’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim centers on his trial
counsel’s alleged failure to advise him prior to permitting him to plead guilty that
his speedy-trial rights had been violated. In other words, Watkins asserts that he
would not have pled guilty if his trial counsel had informed him of the speedy-trial
violation. See State v. Street, 3d Dist. Hancock No. 5-98-09, 1998 WL 682284, *2
(Sept. 30, 1998) (“If a defendant can demonstrate that he received ineffective
assistance of counsel in entering his guilty plea and that but for that ineffective
assistance he would have proceeded to trial, then we would be required to reverse a
defendant’s sentence and remand the matter to the trial court to allow the defendant
to withdraw his plea.”); State v. Matland, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 09-MA-115,
2010-Ohio-6585, ¶ 17 (stating that “allowing ‘a defendant to enter a guilty plea after
speedy trial time had expired would amount to ineffective assistance of counsel, and
thus, could affect the knowing and voluntary nature of the plea.’”), quoting State v.
Heverly, 7th Dist. Columbiana No. 09 CO 4, 2010-Ohio-1005, ¶ 10, and citing State
v. Gray, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 20980, 2007-Ohio-4549, ¶ 21 (concluding that,
where trial counsel permitted the defendant to execute a waiver of his speedy-trial
rights and later admitted that she was unaware that the time limit had run, “counsel’s
-4- Case No. 1-18-32
failure to move for dismissal strays outside the range of reasonable assistance”).
Therefore, an analysis of Watkins’s assignment of error necessitates a review of the
law pertaining to speedy-trial rights. See Matland at ¶ 15.
{¶9} “An accused is guaranteed the constitutional right to a speedy trial
pursuant to the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution
and Ohio Constitution, Article I, Section 10.” State v. Ferguson, 10th Dist. Franklin
No. 16AP-307, 2016-Ohio-8537, ¶ 12, citing State v. Taylor, 98 Ohio St.3d 27,
2002-Ohio-7017, ¶ 32. “Ohio’s speedy trial statutes, found in R.C. 2945.71 et seq.,
were implemented to enforce those constitutional guarantees.” Id., citing
Brecksville v. Cook, 75 Ohio St.3d 53, 55 (1996) and State v. Blackburn, 118 Ohio
St.3d 163, 2008-Ohio-1823, ¶ 10. “The proper standard of review in speedy trial
cases is to simply count the number of days passed, while determining to which
party the time is chargeable, as directed in R.C. 2945.71 and 2945.72.” Id., citing
State v. Jackson, 10th Dist. No. 02AP-468, 2003-Ohio-1653, ¶ 32, citing State v.
DePue, 96 Ohio App.3d 513, 516 (4th Dist.1994).
{¶10} “R.C. 2945.71 provides the timeframe for a defendant’s right to a
speedy trial based on the level of offense.” Matland at ¶ 19. “[A] person against
whom a charge of felony is pending shall be brought to trial within two hundred
seventy days after his arrest.” R.C. 2945.71(C)(2). “The date of the arrest is not
included for the purpose of calculating time under the statutes for a speedy trial.”
-5- Case No. 1-18-32
State v. Taylor, 3d Dist. Allen No. 1-13-46, 2014-Ohio-1793, ¶ 27, citing State v.
Huston, 3d Dist. Wyandot Nos. 16-05-23 and 16-05-24, 2006-Ohio-6857, ¶ 7.
“However, each day the defendant spends in jail solely on the pending criminal
charge counts as three days.” Matland at ¶ 19, citing R.C. 2945.71(E).
{¶11} “R.C. 2945.72 allows for an extension of the time that the accused
must be brought to trial under certain circumstances.” Taylor at ¶ 28. Excluded
from the speedy trial calculation is “[a]ny period of delay necessitated by reason of
a plea in bar or abatement, motion, proceeding, or action made or instituted by the
accused.” R.C. 2945.72(E). Also excluded from the speedy-trial calculation is
“[t]he period of any continuance granted on the accused’s own motion, and the
period of any reasonable continuance granted other than upon the accused’s own
motion.” R.C. 2945.72(H).
{¶12} “If the State fails to meet the statutory time limits, then the trial court
must discharge the defendant.” Matland at ¶ 19, citing R.C. 2945.73. “The
Supreme Court of Ohio has ‘imposed upon the prosecution and the trial courts the
mandatory duty of complying’ with the speedy-trial statutes.” Id., quoting State v.
Singer, 50 Ohio St.2d 103, 105 (1977). “As such, the speedy-trial provisions are
strictly construed against the State.” Id., citing Brecksville, 75 Ohio St.3d at 57, and
Singer at 105.
-6- Case No. 1-18-32
{¶13} In this case, the speedy-trial clock began to run on August 15, 2017—
the day after Watkins was arrested herein—and ran for 87 days before the speedy-
trial time was tolled as a result of Watkins’s November 9, 2017 motion to continue
his trial. (See Doc Nos. 1, 2, 19).1 Because Watkins remained in jail during that
time, 261 days accumulated toward the 270-day limit under the triple-count
provision. The trial court rescheduled Watkins’s trial for December 11, 2017. (Doc.
No. 20). “[I]t is well-established that a defense motion to continue trial tolls the
speedy trial clock until the rescheduled trial date.” State v. Caulton, 7th Dist.
Mahoning No. 09 MA 140, 2011-Ohio-6636, ¶ 33, citing R.C. 2945.72(H) and State
v. Brown, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 03 MA 32, 2005-Ohio-2939, ¶ 41. See also State
v. Quinnie, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 12AP-484, 2013-Ohio-1208, ¶ 8.
{¶14} During the time when Watkins’s speedy-trial “clock” was tolled,
Watkins’s was released from jail on a recognizance bond on November 16, 2017.
(Doc. No. 25). Then, on November 22, 2017, Watkins’s trial counsel filed a motion
to withdraw, which constituted another tolling event even if Watkins’s speedy-trial
clock had not already been tolled until December 11, 2017. (Doc. No. 35). See
Matland at ¶ 42 (stating that “counsel’s motion to withdraw constitutes a tolling
event, with time beginning to run again when substitute counsel is appointed”),
citing State v. Hart, 7th Dist. Columbiana No. 06 CO 62, 2007-Ohio-3404, ¶ 21.
1 Watkins contends that he was arrested on August 10, 2017—a date which is refuted by the record. (See Doc. Nos. 1, 2).
-7- Case No. 1-18-32
{¶15} On November 28, 2017, the State filed a motion to join this case with
case number 2017 0373. (Doc. No. 38). As a result of Watkins’s trial counsel’s
motion to withdraw and the State’s motion to consolidate the cases, the trial court
held a hearing on December 11, 2017 to address whether Watkins was entitled to a
court-appointed counsel. (Doc. Nos. 39, 40). At that hearing, the trial court granted
Watkins two weeks—until December 27, 2017—to gather evidence to support his
claim of indigency. (Dec. 11, 2017 Tr. at 22-24). The following day, Watkins’s
trial counsel filed a motion requesting that the trial court determine his “obligations
as Court Appointed Counsel.” (Doc. No. 47). Thus, Watkins’s speedy-trial clock
continued to be tolled until December 27, 2017. See R.C. 2945.72(C), (H).
{¶16} However, the trial court rescheduled the December 27, 2017 hearing
for the following day. (Doc. No. 48). See State v. Hairston, 101 Ohio St.3d 308,
2004-Ohio-969, ¶ 12 (stating that R.C. 2945.72(H) tolls an accused speedy-trial
clock for the period of any reasonable continuance). And, after the December 28,
2017 hearing, the trial court granted Watkins’s trial counsel’s motion to withdraw;
concluded that Watkins was not indigent; continued its decision on the State’s
motion to join the cases until February 8, 2018 to provide Watkins time to employ
private counsel; and set trial for April 2, 2018. (Doc. Nos. 51, 52). Accordingly,
under the facts presented, Watkins’s speedy-trial clock continued to be tolled until
April 2, 2018. See R.C. 2945.72(C), (H).
-8- Case No. 1-18-32
{¶17} Even though Watkins’s speedy-trial clock was tolled until April 2,
2018, Watkins continued to engage in conduct that would have tolled the speedy-
trial clock if it was not already tolled. On January 22, 2018, Watkins filed a motion,
pro se, requesting the trial court to reconsider its December 29, 2017 decision
concluding that he is not indigent. (Doc. No. 54). See State v. Baker, 12th Dist.
Fayette No. CA2005-05-017, 2006-Ohio-2516, ¶ 36, 38, 43, 46; R.C. 2945.72(E).
In response, the trial court scheduled a hearing for Watkins’s motion on February 8,
2018, wherein the trial court denied Watkins’s motion to reconsider and continued
the matter until March 2, 2018 to provide Watkins time to hire counsel. (Feb. 8,
2018 Tr. at 17-18); (Doc. Nos. 56, 61). However, Watkins failed to appear at the
March 2, 2018 hearing. (Doc. No. 62). See R.C. 2945.72(D) (stating that the
speedy-trial clock is tolled for “[a]ny period of delay occasioned by the neglect or
improper act of the accused”).
{¶18} On March 12, 2018, a new attorney filed a notice informing the trial
court that she was now representing Watkins. (Doc. No. 66). That same day, the
trial court held a status conference during which the parties jointly moved to
continue the trial to a later date to allow Watkins’s newly retained counsel adequate
time to prepare for trial. (Mar. 12, 2018 Tr. at 3-6). Based on that request, the trial
court rescheduled Watkins’s trial date for May 14, 2018. (Doc. Nos. 68, 70, 71).
-9- Case No. 1-18-32
Thus, Watkins’s speedy-trial clock continued to be tolled until May 14, 2018. R.C.
2945.72(H).
{¶19} On May 8, 2018, the State filed a motion to continue the trial because
the State could not locate the victim—its “key” witness—“despite numerous
attempts by law enforcement to serve her with a subpoena.” (Doc. No. 94). After
hearing the State’s motion on May 10, 2018, the trial court continued the trial until
May 29, 2018. (May 10, 2018 Tr. at 5-6); (Doc. Nos. 96, 98). Therefore, Watkins’s
speedy-trial clock continued to be tolled until May 29, 2018. State v. Binks, 12th
Dist. Butler No. CA2017-08-118, 2018-Ohio-1570, ¶ 36 (“‘[It is] well-settled that
the availability of a key prosecution witness is a reasonable ground for granting a
continuance pursuant to R.C. 2945.72(H).’”), quoting State v. Nelson, 12th Dist.
Clinton No. CA2007-11-046, 2009-Ohio-555, ¶ 25, citing State v. Mitchell, 7th Dist.
Mahoning No. 06-MA-169, 2008-Ohio-645, ¶ 34. See also State v. Elliott, 10th
Dist. Franklin No. 03AP-605, 2004-Ohio-2134, ¶ 15.
{¶20} However, prior to trial, the State and Watkins reached a plea
agreement on May 16, 2018, which effectively terminated the speedy-trial clock in
this matter. (Doc. Nos. 121, 122). See Matland, 2010-Ohio-6585, at ¶ 48.
Therefore, we conclude, under the facts presented, that Watkins’s speedy-trial clock
was tolled from November 9, 2017 until May 16, 2018, and no additional days
accrued to the State’s 270-day statutory limit. See id.
-10- Case No. 1-18-32
{¶21} For these reasons, since Watkins’s speedy-trial argument fails, his
ineffective-assistance-of-trial-counsel argument is without merit. See id. at ¶ 50.
Accordingly, Watkins’s assignment of error is overruled.
{¶22} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant herein in the
particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
WILLAMOWSKI, P.J. and PRESTON, J., concur.
/jlr
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