[Cite as State v. Wallace, 2020-Ohio-3494.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT SANDUSKY COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. S-19-041
Appellee Trial Court No. 19 CR 233
v.
Joseph Loyd Wallace DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: June 26, 2020
*****
Beth A. Tischler, Sandusky County Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Brett A. Klimkowsky, for appellant.
ZMUDA, P.J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Joseph L. Wallace, appeals the August 29, 2019 judgment of the
Sandusky County Court of Common Pleas sentencing him to 18 months in prison
following his conviction for receiving stolen property in violation of R.C. 2913.51(A).
For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court’s judgment. I. Background
{¶ 2} On April 4, 2019, Joseph L. Wallace was indicted on one count of grand
theft in violation of R.C. 2913.02(A)(1), a felony of the fourth degree, and one count of
receiving stolen property in violation of R.C. 2913.51(A), a felony of the fourth degree.
The charges arose from the theft of a truck from a dealership in Clyde, Ohio. Appellant
was arraigned on May 8, 2019. Appellant entered a not guilty plea to both charges and
was appointed counsel. Appellant was released on a personal recognizance bond
pursuant to R.C. 2937.29.
{¶ 3} Appellant again appeared before the trial court on June 26, 2019, for a
change of plea hearing. Pursuant to a plea agreement, appellant agreed to enter a guilty
plea to Count 2, receiving stolen property, in exchange for the state moving to dismiss the
grand theft charge. The trial court granted the state’s motion and appellant entered a
guilty plea to Count 2 as agreed. The trial court accepted appellant’s plea and ordered
appellant to participate in a presentence investigation with a sentencing hearing set for
August 29, 2019.
{¶ 4} At sentencing, appellant acknowledged that he had reviewed the presentence
investigation report. Appellant did not object to any of the contents of the report.
Appellant told the trial court that his current and past crimes were the result of his
continued drug abuse. He requested that the trial court impose a sentence which would
permit him to seek treatment for drug addiction. The trial court then reviewed appellant’s
criminal history. In doing so, the trial court noted that while appellant had been charged
2. with a crime more than 85 times, most, but not all, of those charges were subsequently
dismissed. The trial court also described the sophisticated nature of the conduct
underlying the present conviction which involved changing the vehicle’s ignition and its
decorative model number badges after it was stolen to make it easier to sell. The trial
court then noted its obligation to protect the public from future crimes by appellant and
imposed a prison term of 18 months, the maximum term for appellant’s conviction.
{¶ 5} The trial court memorialized appellant’s sentence in its August 29, 2019
judgment entry. On September 20, 2019, appellant timely filed his notice of appeal along
with a motion for the appointment of appellate counsel. The trial court granted
appellant’s motion the same day. Appellant asserts the following error for our review:
The Trial Court’s sentence of Joseph Loyd Wallace is excessive and
violates the law insofar as the Trial Court penalized Appellant in part due to
being addicted to drugs and for having been previously prosecuted for
crimes which were dismissed.
II. Law and Analysis
{¶ 6} Appellant’s assignment of error alleges the trial court’s imposition of an
18-month prison term was “excessive.” Specifically, appellant argues that the trial court
failed to impose the minimum sentence necessary to accomplish the overriding purposes
of felony sentencing, as described in R.C. 2929.11, and considered seriousness and
recidivism factors beyond those set forth in R.C. 2929.12 to determine appellant’s
sentence. We review felony sentences under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). State v. Goings, 6th
3. Dist. Lucas No. L-13-1103, 2014-Ohio-2322, ¶ 20. We may increase, modify, or vacate
and remand a judgment only if we clearly and convincingly find either of the following:
“(a) the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings under division (B) or (D)
of section 2929.13, division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of section 2929.14, or division (I) of
section 2929.20 of the Revised Code, whichever, if any, is relevant” or “(b) the sentence
is otherwise contrary to law.” State v. Yeager, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-15-025, 2016-
Ohio-4759, ¶ 7, citing R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). Because appellant argues that the trial court’s
judgment was contrary to law it is, therefore, subject to our review under R.C.
2953.08(G)(2)(b).
{¶ 7} When determining the appropriate sentence, a trial court is required to
consider the purposes of felony sentencing under R.C. 2929.11 and the seriousness and
recidivism factors identified in R.C. 2929.12. The trial court did not explicitly reference
R.C. 2929.11 or 2929.12 at appellant’s sentencing hearing or in its judgment entry. We
note, however, that the trial court is “not obligated to give a detailed explanation of how
it algebraically applied each seriousness and recidivism factor to the offender. Indeed, no
specific recitation is required.” State v. Brimacombe, 195 Ohio App.3d 524, 528, 2011-
Ohio-5032, 960 N.E.2d 1042, ¶ 11 (6th Dist.), citing State v. Arnett, 88 Ohio St.3d 208,
215, 724 N.E.2d 793 (2000). Even when the record is silent as to the trial court’s
consideration of these factors, “it is presumed that the trial court gave proper
consideration to R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12[.]” Yeager at ¶ 13, citing State v. Sims, 6th
Dist. Sandusky No. S-13-037, 2014-Ohio-3515, ¶ 10. The burden is on appellant to rebut
4. this presumption. Yeager at ¶ 13, citing State v. Smith, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-14-037,
2015-Ohio-1867, ¶ 11. As noted in the statute, appellant must identify clear and
convincing evidence to rebut the presumption. See Yeager at ¶ 13, State v. Williams, 6th
Dist. Lucas No. L-13-1083, 2014-Ohio-3624, ¶ 16; R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).
{¶ 8} “Clear and convincing evidence is that measure or degree of proof which is
more than a mere ‘preponderance of the evidence,’ but not to the extent of such certainty
as is required ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ in criminal cases, and which will produce in
the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be
established.” State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231,
¶ 22. Appellant argues the trial court’s reference to his previously dismissed charges and
his drug abuse at sentencing constitutes clear and convincing evidence that the trial court
erred in imposing sentence. We disagree.
{¶ 9} Appellant is correct that trial courts, when determining an appropriate
sentence, are not authorized to consider previously dismissed charges which are not part
of a plea bargain in the case at issue. State v. Lewis, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-14-082,
2015-Ohio-4629, ¶ 7. The trial court is permitted, however, to consider appellant’s
history of criminal convictions pursuant to R.C. 2929.12(D)(2). Appellant does not argue
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[Cite as State v. Wallace, 2020-Ohio-3494.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT SANDUSKY COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. S-19-041
Appellee Trial Court No. 19 CR 233
v.
Joseph Loyd Wallace DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: June 26, 2020
*****
Beth A. Tischler, Sandusky County Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Brett A. Klimkowsky, for appellant.
ZMUDA, P.J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Joseph L. Wallace, appeals the August 29, 2019 judgment of the
Sandusky County Court of Common Pleas sentencing him to 18 months in prison
following his conviction for receiving stolen property in violation of R.C. 2913.51(A).
For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court’s judgment. I. Background
{¶ 2} On April 4, 2019, Joseph L. Wallace was indicted on one count of grand
theft in violation of R.C. 2913.02(A)(1), a felony of the fourth degree, and one count of
receiving stolen property in violation of R.C. 2913.51(A), a felony of the fourth degree.
The charges arose from the theft of a truck from a dealership in Clyde, Ohio. Appellant
was arraigned on May 8, 2019. Appellant entered a not guilty plea to both charges and
was appointed counsel. Appellant was released on a personal recognizance bond
pursuant to R.C. 2937.29.
{¶ 3} Appellant again appeared before the trial court on June 26, 2019, for a
change of plea hearing. Pursuant to a plea agreement, appellant agreed to enter a guilty
plea to Count 2, receiving stolen property, in exchange for the state moving to dismiss the
grand theft charge. The trial court granted the state’s motion and appellant entered a
guilty plea to Count 2 as agreed. The trial court accepted appellant’s plea and ordered
appellant to participate in a presentence investigation with a sentencing hearing set for
August 29, 2019.
{¶ 4} At sentencing, appellant acknowledged that he had reviewed the presentence
investigation report. Appellant did not object to any of the contents of the report.
Appellant told the trial court that his current and past crimes were the result of his
continued drug abuse. He requested that the trial court impose a sentence which would
permit him to seek treatment for drug addiction. The trial court then reviewed appellant’s
criminal history. In doing so, the trial court noted that while appellant had been charged
2. with a crime more than 85 times, most, but not all, of those charges were subsequently
dismissed. The trial court also described the sophisticated nature of the conduct
underlying the present conviction which involved changing the vehicle’s ignition and its
decorative model number badges after it was stolen to make it easier to sell. The trial
court then noted its obligation to protect the public from future crimes by appellant and
imposed a prison term of 18 months, the maximum term for appellant’s conviction.
{¶ 5} The trial court memorialized appellant’s sentence in its August 29, 2019
judgment entry. On September 20, 2019, appellant timely filed his notice of appeal along
with a motion for the appointment of appellate counsel. The trial court granted
appellant’s motion the same day. Appellant asserts the following error for our review:
The Trial Court’s sentence of Joseph Loyd Wallace is excessive and
violates the law insofar as the Trial Court penalized Appellant in part due to
being addicted to drugs and for having been previously prosecuted for
crimes which were dismissed.
II. Law and Analysis
{¶ 6} Appellant’s assignment of error alleges the trial court’s imposition of an
18-month prison term was “excessive.” Specifically, appellant argues that the trial court
failed to impose the minimum sentence necessary to accomplish the overriding purposes
of felony sentencing, as described in R.C. 2929.11, and considered seriousness and
recidivism factors beyond those set forth in R.C. 2929.12 to determine appellant’s
sentence. We review felony sentences under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). State v. Goings, 6th
3. Dist. Lucas No. L-13-1103, 2014-Ohio-2322, ¶ 20. We may increase, modify, or vacate
and remand a judgment only if we clearly and convincingly find either of the following:
“(a) the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings under division (B) or (D)
of section 2929.13, division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of section 2929.14, or division (I) of
section 2929.20 of the Revised Code, whichever, if any, is relevant” or “(b) the sentence
is otherwise contrary to law.” State v. Yeager, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-15-025, 2016-
Ohio-4759, ¶ 7, citing R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). Because appellant argues that the trial court’s
judgment was contrary to law it is, therefore, subject to our review under R.C.
2953.08(G)(2)(b).
{¶ 7} When determining the appropriate sentence, a trial court is required to
consider the purposes of felony sentencing under R.C. 2929.11 and the seriousness and
recidivism factors identified in R.C. 2929.12. The trial court did not explicitly reference
R.C. 2929.11 or 2929.12 at appellant’s sentencing hearing or in its judgment entry. We
note, however, that the trial court is “not obligated to give a detailed explanation of how
it algebraically applied each seriousness and recidivism factor to the offender. Indeed, no
specific recitation is required.” State v. Brimacombe, 195 Ohio App.3d 524, 528, 2011-
Ohio-5032, 960 N.E.2d 1042, ¶ 11 (6th Dist.), citing State v. Arnett, 88 Ohio St.3d 208,
215, 724 N.E.2d 793 (2000). Even when the record is silent as to the trial court’s
consideration of these factors, “it is presumed that the trial court gave proper
consideration to R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12[.]” Yeager at ¶ 13, citing State v. Sims, 6th
Dist. Sandusky No. S-13-037, 2014-Ohio-3515, ¶ 10. The burden is on appellant to rebut
4. this presumption. Yeager at ¶ 13, citing State v. Smith, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-14-037,
2015-Ohio-1867, ¶ 11. As noted in the statute, appellant must identify clear and
convincing evidence to rebut the presumption. See Yeager at ¶ 13, State v. Williams, 6th
Dist. Lucas No. L-13-1083, 2014-Ohio-3624, ¶ 16; R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).
{¶ 8} “Clear and convincing evidence is that measure or degree of proof which is
more than a mere ‘preponderance of the evidence,’ but not to the extent of such certainty
as is required ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ in criminal cases, and which will produce in
the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be
established.” State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231,
¶ 22. Appellant argues the trial court’s reference to his previously dismissed charges and
his drug abuse at sentencing constitutes clear and convincing evidence that the trial court
erred in imposing sentence. We disagree.
{¶ 9} Appellant is correct that trial courts, when determining an appropriate
sentence, are not authorized to consider previously dismissed charges which are not part
of a plea bargain in the case at issue. State v. Lewis, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-14-082,
2015-Ohio-4629, ¶ 7. The trial court is permitted, however, to consider appellant’s
history of criminal convictions pursuant to R.C. 2929.12(D)(2). Appellant does not argue
that he had no prior convictions which the trial court could consider, but merely that the
trial court also improperly considered past charges that did not result in a conviction. The
record reveals that the trial court distinguished between appellant’s convictions and his
dismissed charges when reviewing the presentencing report. This clarification shows that
5. appellant indeed had a history of criminal convictions, of which the trial court was aware,
and which were properly considered as a factor more likely to indicate recidivism under
R.C. 2929.12. Additionally, the trial court determined that a prison term was necessary
to protect the public from future crime by appellant based on the sophistication of
appellant’s conduct—changing the stolen vehicle’s ignition and model number badges so
that it could be resold. That conduct reflects a criminogenic mentality which supports the
trial court’s conclusion that a prison term is necessary to protect the public from future
crime by appellant in accordance with R.C. 2929.11(A). We find that the trial court’s
passing reference to the dismissed charges is not sufficient to establish a firm belief that
the trial court based its sentence on those charges. Therefore, appellant fails to identify
clear and convincing evidence to show that the trial court improperly based his sentence
on these dismissed charges, particularly in light of our presumption that the trial court
properly considered the necessary statutory factors. Yeager at ¶ 13.
{¶ 10} Appellant also alleges that the trial court improperly considered his
admitted drug abuse when determining his sentence. At the sentencing hearing, appellant
acknowledged that the underlying charge was related to his drug use. Further, the trial
court noted that appellant had previous opportunities to seek treatment for his drug use,
but failed to do so. R.C. 2929.12(D)(4) specifically authorizes a trial court determining
an offender’s felony sentence to consider whether that offender has “demonstrated a
pattern of drug or alcohol abuse that is related to the offense, and * * * the offender
refuses treatment for the drug or alcohol abuse.” Appellant’s admitted drug use and
6. failure to resolve his substance abuse issues despite having had the opportunity to do so
directly reflects the sentencing factor identified in R.C. 2929.12(D)(4). Clearly, the trial
court did not err in considering a factor at sentencing that is specifically authorized by
statute.
{¶ 11} We presume the trial court properly considered the purposes of felony
sentencing and the seriousness and recidivism factors as required under R.C. 2929.11 and
2929.12. Yeager at ¶ 13. Appellant has failed to cite any evidence in the record which
clearly and convincingly rebuts this presumption. As a result, appellant’s sentence is not
contrary to law and his assignment of error is not well-taken.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 12} We find appellant’s assignment of error not well-taken. We therefore
affirm the August 29, 2019 judgment of the Sandusky County Court of Common Pleas.
Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
7. State v. Wallace C.A. No. S-19-041
Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Thomas J. Osowik, J. _______________________________ Gene A. Zmuda, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
8.