State v. Walder

104 So. 3d 137, 2012 La.App. 1 Cir. 0051, 2012 WL 4335939, 2012 La. App. LEXIS 1191
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedSeptember 24, 2012
DocketNo. 2012 KA 0051
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 104 So. 3d 137 (State v. Walder) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Walder, 104 So. 3d 137, 2012 La.App. 1 Cir. 0051, 2012 WL 4335939, 2012 La. App. LEXIS 1191 (La. Ct. App. 2012).

Opinion

WELCH, J.

|2The defendant, Stephen Walder, was originally sentenced to life imprisonment at hard labor without the benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence, pursuant to an October 21, 1985 aggravated rape conviction for an offense committed when he was seventeen years old. The defendant’s conviction and sentence were affirmed on appeal. State v. Walder, 504 So.2d 991 (La.App. 1st Cir.), writ denied, 506 So.2d 1223 (La.1987). On April 28, 2011, following the United States Supreme Court ruling in Graham v. Florida, — U.S.-, 130 S.Ct. 2011, 176 L.Ed.2d 825 (2010), the defendant filed a motion to correct illegal sentence. After a hearing on September 8, 2011, the trial court vacated the original sentence and resen-tenced the defendant to life imprisonment at hard labor without the benefit of probation or suspension of sentence, ruling that the defendant would be eligible for parole. The defendant now appeals, assigning error to the resentencing.1 For the following reasons, we affirm the sentence with instructions.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

The defendant now contends that the trial court erred in resentencing him to life imprisonment with the benefit of parole. In assignment of error number one, the defendant argues that the trial court erred by failing to follow Louisiana Supreme Court precedent in resentencing him. In assignment of error number two, the defendant argues that the trial court erred by imposing a sentence that is not authorized by Louisiana law, thereby violating the separation of powers and engaging in judicial legislation. The defendant specifically contends that the sentence was not defined and that he will never actually receive the benefit of parole. Relying on State v. Craig, 340 So.2d 191, 193-94 (La.1976), and Graham v. Florida, the defendant asserts that, since the legislatively authorized | ^punishment for aggravated rape is unconstitutional in this case, the trial court should have imposed a sentence of up to fifty years, consistent with the next authorized responsive verdict of attempted aggravated rape. The defendant notes that the Louisiana legislature has long prohibited any prisoner sentenced to life imprisonment from becoming eligible for parole consideration unless the sentence is first commuted to a fixed term of years. The defendant argues that the trial court violated the constitutional separation of powers between the legislative and judicial branches, as well as, the legislature’s exclusive role in defining crimes and determining the range of punishment. The defendant alternatively argues that the application of the holding in State v. Shaffer, 2011-1756 (La.11/23/11), 77 So.3d 939 (per curiam), would remove the commutation requirement on his life sentence and allow him to be considered for parole at the age of forty-five.

The United States Supreme Court’s historic decision in Graham v. Florida held that the Eighth Amendment forbids the sentence of life imprisonment without parole for a juvenile offender who did not commit homicide. A State need not guarantee such an offender eventual [140]*140release, but if a sentence of life is imposed, the State must provide him or her with some meaningful opportunity to obtain release based on demonstrated maturity and rehabilitation. Graham v. Florida, — U.S. at-, 130 S.Ct. at 2030. Graham reflects the Supreme Court’s determination that juveniles are a special class of offenders deserving of special protections not accorded adult offenders, and for purposes of the Eighth Amendment, a juvenile offender is a person under the age of 18 years at the time of the offense. See id. By adopting a categorical rule, Graham “gives all juvenile nonhomieide offenders a chance to demonstrate maturity and reform.” Graham v. Florida, — U.S. at -, 130 S.Ct. at 2032.

After the trial court’s resentencing in this case, in State v. Shaffer, the Louisiana Supreme Court issued a per curiam opinion concerning three relators, |4Shaffer, Leason, and Dyer, who had been convicted of aggravated rape, where the offenses were committed while the offenders were under the age of eighteen. See also State v. Leason, 2011-1757 (La.11/23/11), 77 So.3d 933 (per curiam); State v. Dyer, 2011-1758 (La.11/23/11), 77 So.3d 928 (per curiam). In the consolidated applications, relators sought review following denial in the trial court of their motions to correct an illegal sentence and for relief from their terms of life imprisonment at hard labor. Relator Shaffer was convicted of aggravated rape committed while he was a juvenile and was sentenced to death. That sentence was vacated and he was sentenced to life in prison at hard labor. Relator Lea-son was convicted of aggravated rape committed as a juvenile and was sentenced to life in prison at hard labor. Even though these two sentences did not preclude eligibility for parole, Shaffer and Leason argued that they were in fact ineligible for parole under La. R.S. 15:574.4(B), which states in pertinent part that “[n]o prisoner serving a life sentence shall be eligible for parole consideration until his life sentence has been commuted to a fixed term of years.” Relator Dyer was convicted of aggravated rape committed as a juvenile and was sentenced to life in prison at hard labor without the benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. Therefore, all three relators argued that their sentences were illegal under Graham v. Florida. Relators argued that the proper remedy would be to resentence them according to the penalties provided for the lesser and included offense of attempted aggravated rape.

The Louisiana Supreme Court found that the sentences of all three relators violated the mandate of the Graham case. However, it rejected relators’ argument that they should be resentenced to serve the penalty for attempted aggravated rape. The Louisiana Supreme Court specifically held, relying on Graham, that the Eighth Amendment precludes the State from interposing the Governor’s ad hoc exercise of executive clemency as a gateway to accessing procedures the State has | .^established for ameliorating long terms of imprisonment as part of the rehabilitative process to which inmates serving life terms for non-homicide crimes committed when they were under the age of eighteen years would otherwise have access, once they reach the age of forty-five years and have served twenty years of their sentences in actual custody. Shaffer, 77 So.3d at 942. In formulating the appropriate remedy to satisfy the mandate of Graham, as did the trial court upon resentencing in this case, the Louisiana Supreme Court amended Dyer’s sentence to delete the restriction on parole eligibility. Further, the Department of Public Safety and Corrections was directed to revise Dyer’s prison master to reflect that his sentence was no longer without the benefit of parole and [141]*141to revise all three relators’ prison masters according to La. R.S. 15:574.4(A)(2) to reflect an eligibility date for consideration by the Board of Parole.2 Shaffer, 77 So.3d at 942-43. The Louisiana Supreme Court stated that the decision in Shaffer is “an interim measure (based on the legislature’s own criteria) pending the legislature’s response to Graham.” Shaffer, 77 So.3d at 943 n. 6.3

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
104 So. 3d 137, 2012 La.App. 1 Cir. 0051, 2012 WL 4335939, 2012 La. App. LEXIS 1191, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-walder-lactapp-2012.