State v. Vital

107 So. 3d 1274, 2012 La.App. 3 Cir. 881, 2013 WL 440209, 2013 La. App. LEXIS 208

• Court: Louisiana Court of Appeal
• Decided: February 6, 2013
• Docket: No. 12-881
• Status: Published

Opinion

ORDER

| j After consideration of appellate defense counsel’s request to withdraw as counsel of record and the appeal presently pending in the above-captioned matter,

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that appellate defense counsel’s motion to withdraw as counsel of record is granted.

GENOVESE, Judge.

Lin this criminal case, Defendant, Richard Vital, was charged with distribution of cocaine, a violation of La.R.S. 40:967(A)(1), on May 4, 2010. Defendant originally entered a plea of not guilty, but he changed his plea to guilty on June 17, 2011.¹ The trial court then sentenced Defendant to ten years with the Department of Corrections with the first two years to be served without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence, with credit for time served, and with the sentence to run concurrently with his forcible rape sentence.

Defendant filed a motion to reconsider his sentence, which was denied. Defendant then filed an application for post-conviction relief (PCR), seeking an out-of-time appeal on October 17, 2011. The application for PCR alleged that Defendant’s plea was not voluntarily or knowingly made and that he did not plead guilty, even though he “admitted certain criminal activity.” The trial court granted the application for PCR, and Defendant was allowed to appeal.

Defendant’s appellate counsel has filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967), alleging that there are no non-frivolous issues existing upon which to base an appeal; she has also filed a motion to withdraw as Defendant’s appellate counsel. Defendant, pro se, has filed a brief. We affirm Defendant’s conviction and sentence, and we grant Defendant’s appellate counsel’s motion to withdraw as counsel of record.

FACTS

At his Boykinization hearing, Defendant admitted he sold crack cocaine to an undercover narcotics agent. Also, in his Plea of Guilty and Waiver of Rights form, Defendant admitted that he was guilty of distributing cocaine.

J^ERRORS PATENT

In accordance with La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed for errors patent on the face of the record. After reviewing the record, we find no errors patent.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

Defendant’s appellate counsel alleges that there are no non-frivolous issues upon 'which to base an appeal and has filed an Anders brief. An Anders analysis will follow the discussion of Defendant’s pro se assignments of error.

DEFENDANT’S PRO SE ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR:

Because both of Defendant’s pro se assignments of error allege a violation of his constitutional rights, they will be jointly addressed.

1. The Trial Court erred when it failed to individually advise defendant/appellant of his right to a jury trial, his privilege against self-incrimination and his right to confront his accusers. Faulty Boykinization of Appellant.

2. Cumulative Effect of Constitutional errors committed before, during, and after this trial effectuated serious denial of Equal Protection and Due Process Rights guaranteed by both the State of Louisiana and United States Constitution. The Trial Court erred when it failed to individually advise defendant/appellant of his right to a jury trial, his privilege against self-incrimination and his right to confront his accusers.

Defendant contends that his constitutional rights were violated at the plea hearing because the trial court failed to individually advise him of his rights pursuant to Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969). Those rights were read to him and two other defendants in different cases as a group. The trial court then asked each defendant individually, including Defendant, if he understood his guilty plea and if he waived all those rights. Specifically, the record indicates:

THE COURT: Mr. Vital, do you understand that by pleading guilty today that you’re waiving all of these rights?

IííMR. VITAL: (nods head affirmatively.)

THE COURT: I’m sorry?

MR. VITAL: Yes, sir.

Defendant’s application for PCR did not allege the reading of the Boykin rights to the group was improper. Rather, it contended that his plea was not knowingly and intelligently made because the trial court did not advise him of those rights and because the plea “was not entered by his own mouth, but by the trial court judge.”²

The Louisiana Supreme Court addressed the issue of reading Boykin rights to defendants as a group in State v. Richard, 00-659 (La.9/29/00), 769 So.2d 1177. The court stated:

Moreover, even assuming that the defendant’s first pro se assignment of error, broadly construed, encompassed a challenge under La.C.Cr.P. art. 556.1 to the trial court’s use of an en masse Boykin procedure, the validity of any guilty plea “ ‘depends upon the circumstances of each case.’ ” State v. Filer, 00-0073, p. 2 (La.6/30/00), 762 So.2d 1080, 1081 (quoting State v. Strain, 585 So.2d 540, 544, n. 7 (La.1991)). In the present case, as in Filer, those portions of the Boykin colloquy which the trial judge conducted personally and individually with the defendant, ranging from his age, work experience and edu-eation[,] to the nature of the offense and its penalty provisions, the necessity of compliance with the sex offender registration provisions of La.R.S. 15:542 upon conviction, and the extent of the plea bargain with the state, placed the court in a position to determine the knowing and voluntary nature of the defendant’s subsequent waiver of the trial rights the court explained personally but collectively to the several persons entering guilty pleas on the same day. To the extent that it conflicts with the views expressed herein and in Filer, the court of appeal’s decision in State v. Lastrapes, 99-0083 (La.App. 3rd Cir.6/30/99), 743 So.2d 224, is disapproved.

Id. at 1178.

Here, the trial court individually questioned Defendant about his education and lack of physical or mental condition, medication, drugs, or alcohol that might 14prevent his understanding of the proceedings. The trial court verified that Defendant had the opportunity to discuss his “case, the facts, the possible defenses, and the consequences of [his] plea of guilty.” Defendant confirmed that no one had forced, threatened, or coerced him into making his plea. The trial court reviewed the possible sentence with Defendant before accepting his plea. Both Defendant and the State recommended a sentence of ten years with the Department of Corrections, to run concurrently with the sentence he was receiving in another case. Defendant further indicated that he had reviewed and signed the Plea of Guilty and Waiver of Rights form with his attorney. The trial court’s colloquy with Defendant allowed the trial judge to determine the knowing and voluntary nature of Defendant’s waiver of his rights and subsequent guilty plea. Thus, Defendant’s pro se assignments of error lack merit.

ANDERS ANALYSIS:

In State v. Benjamin, 573 So.2d 528, 531 (La.App. 4 Cir.1990), the fourth circuit explained the analysis based on Anders, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396:

When appointed counsel has filed a brief indicating that no non-frivolous issues and no ruling arguably supporting an appeal were found after a conscientious review of the record, Anders requires that counsel move to withdraw. This motion will not be acted on until this court performs a thorough independent review of the record after providing the appellant an opportunity to file a brief in his or her own behalf. This court’s review of the record will consist of (1) a review of the bill of information or indictment to insure the defendant was properly charged; (2) a review of all minute entries to insure the defendant was present at all crucial stages of the proceedings, the jury composition and verdict were correct and the sentence is legal; (3) a review of all pleadings in the record; (4) a review of the jury sheets; and (5) a review of all transcripts to determine if any ruling provides an arguable basis for appeal. Under C.Cr.P. art. 914.1(D) this Court will order that the appeal record be supplemented with pleadings, minute entries and transcripts when the record filed in this Court is not sufficient to perform this review.

While it is not necessary for Defendant’s appellate counsel to “catalog tediously every meritless objection made at trial or by way of pre-trial motions | ¿with a labored explanation of why the objections all lack merit[,]” appellate counsel’s An-ders brief must “assure the court that the indigent defendant’s constitutional rights have not been violated.” State v. Jyles, 96-2669, p. 2 (La.12/12/97), 704 So.2d 241 (citing Jones v. Barnes, 463 U.S. 745, 103 S.Ct. 3308, 77 L.Ed.2d 987 (1983) and McCoy v. Court of Appeals of Wisconsin, 486 U.S. 429, 108 S.Ct. 1895, 100 L.Ed.2d 440 (1988)). Defendant’s appellate counsel must fully discuss and analyze the trial record and consider “whether any ruling made by the trial court, subject to the contemporaneous objection rule, had a significant, adverse impact on shaping the evidence presented to the jury for its consideration.” Jyles, 704 So.2d at 241. Thus, appellate counsel’s Anders brief must review the procedural history and the evidence presented at trial and provide “a detailed and renewable assessment for both the defendant and the appellate court of whether the appeal is worth pursuing in the first place.” State v. Mouton, 95-981, p. 2 (La.4/28/95), 653 So.2d 1176, 1177.

Pursuant to Anders, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, and Jyles, 704 So.2d 241, Defendant’s appellate counsel filed a brief citing two potential errors for appeal. First, counsel considered an excessive sentence argument. He determined the sentence imposed was in accordance with the plea agreement; thus, it is not subject to review on appeal. The plea agreement does not indicate that Defendant and the State agreed on his sentence; however, at the plea hearing, Defendant’s appellate counsel included the sentence as part of the plea agreement. Counsel for the State confirmed her agreement. Defendant indicated that he heard and he understood the recommended sentence. The trial court sentenced Defendant according to that recommendation.

Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 881.2(A)(2) provides that a “defendant cannot appeal or seek review of a sentence imposed in conformity with ha plea agreement which was set forth in the record at the time of the plea.” This court has held, based on this article, “[i]n an instance where the court sentences the defendant in accordance with the parties’ recommendation for a specific sentence or a sentencing range, it is clear that review of the imposed sentence is precluded.” State v. Jordan, 98-101, p. 4 (La.App. 3 Cir. 6/3/98), 716 So.2d 36, 38. Thus, a defendant may not seek review of his sentence “when a specific sentence or sentencing range is agreed to by both parties as part of a plea agreement, and is judicially recognized at the sentencing hearing.” Id. at 39.³

Here, Defendant and the State jointly recommended the sentence the trial court imposed. Therefore, Defendant may not seek review of a sentence he recommended to the court and subsequently received. Defendant’s appellate counsel correctly concluded that Defendant cannot make a non-frivolous argument on appeal, alleging an excessive sentence.

Next, counsel considered whether the trial court incorrectly denied Defendant’s motion to reconsider his sentence because he had already begun to serve the sentence. In fact, La.Code Crim.P. art. 881.1(C) allows the trial court to resen-tence a defendant despite the commencement of his sentence when he files a timely motion to reconsider, as Defendant did here. However, the trial judge also noted that Defendant’s “sentence was part of a plea agreement stated for the record”; thus, it was not subject to review. La. Code Crim.P. art. 881.2(A)(2). Defendant’s appellate counsel concluded that neither of these possible issues would offer Defendant relief. Accordingly, appellate counsel seeks to withdraw as counsel of record.

1 ^Pursuant to Anders and Benjamin, we have performed a thorough review of the record, including the pleadings, the minute entries, the charging instrument, and the transcripts, and we have confirmed the statements by Defendant’s appellate counsel. Defendant was present and represented by counsel at all crucial stages of the proceedings, and he acknowledged his guilty plea on the plea form. Contrary to the allegations of Defendant’s pro se assignments of error, the trial court correctly informed Defendant of his Boykin rights and discussed his possible sentence for distribution of cocaine.

DISPOSITION

Our review of the record reveals no issues that would support an assignment of error on appeal beyond the potential issues addressed by counsel and the issues raised in the pro se assignments of error. Therefore, we affirm Defendant’s conviction and sentence and grant Defendant’s appellate counsel’s motion to withdraw as counsel of record on appeal.

CONVICTION AND SENTENCE AFFIRMED.

MOTION TO WITHDRAW GRANTED.

1 . Defendant also pled guilty in the same plea agreement to forcible rape, a violation of La. R.S. 14:42.1. That plea is the subject of a separate appeal docketed under number 12-882 of this court.

2 . The application for PCR also alleged ineffective assistance of counsel. That issue is not raised on appeal and will not be reviewed pursuant to Uniform Rules — Courts of Appeal, Rule 1-3.

3 . Jordan, 716 So.3d 36, cites State v. Watkins, 97-364 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/8/97), 700 So.2d 1172; State v. Laroux, 93-719 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/2/94), 631 So.2d 730, writ denied, 94-577 (La.6/3/94), 637 So.2d 498; and State v. Lewis, 633 So.2d 315 (La.App. 1 Cir.1993). However, these cited cases preclude appellate review when sentencing is imposed according to a sentencing cap; they do not address the issue of sentencing imposed according to a jointly recommended sentence.