Supreme Court
No. 2019-402-C.A. (P1/06-506B)
State :
v. :
Victor Tavares. :
ORDER
This case came before the Supreme Court on April 1, 2021, pursuant to an
order directing the parties to appear and show cause why the issues raised in this
appeal should not be summarily decided. The defendant, Victor Tavares, appeals
pro se from a Superior Court judgment of conviction adjudicating him as a
probation violator. After considering the parties’ written and oral submissions
and reviewing the record, we conclude that cause has not been shown and that the
appeal may be decided at this time. For the reasons set forth herein, we affirm the
judgment of the Superior Court.
In February 2006, a Providence County grand jury returned an indictment in
the present case charging defendant with two counts of first-degree robbery and
two counts of conspiracy. On August 2, 2007, defendant entered a plea of nolo
contendere to one count of first-degree robbery and one count of conspiracy. He
-1- was sentenced to fifteen years at the Adult Correctional Institutions, with three
years to serve and twelve years suspended, with probation, on the first-degree-
robbery count, and a concurrent term of ten years suspended, with probation, on
the conspiracy count. In consideration of defendant’s plea, the state dismissed the
remaining charges.
The defendant failed to comply with the terms and conditions of his
probation. On May 25, 2018, the state filed a violation report in accordance with
Rule 32(f) of the Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure.1 The basis of the
Rule 32(f) notice was an indictment charging defendant with felony sexual-assault
crimes in P1/18-1289A.
A justice of the Superior Court held a violation hearing over the course of
seven days during the summer of 2018, on July 9, 10, 17, and 18, and August 1, 2,
1 Rule 32(f) of the Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure provides that:
“The court shall not revoke probation or revoke a suspension of sentence or impose a sentence previously deferred except after a hearing at which the defendant shall be afforded the opportunity to be present and apprised of the grounds on which such action is proposed. The defendant may be admitted to bail pending such hearing. Prior to the hearing the State shall furnish the defendant and the court with a written statement specifying the grounds upon which action is sought under this subdivision. No revocation shall occur unless the State establishes by a fair preponderance of the evidence that the defendant breached a condition of the defendant’s probation or deferred sentence or failed to keep the peace or remain on good behavior.” -2- and 3.2 The defendant represented himself but had the benefit of standby counsel.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the Superior Court justice found that defendant
violated his probation based on the credible testimony of the complaining witness,
who claimed that defendant and codefendant Franklin Johnson had “forcefully”
and “deliberately sexually assaulted” her at a cookout over Memorial Day weekend
in 2012.3 The trial justice ordered defendant to serve three years and six months of
his suspended sentence for the robbery conviction, with the remaining time
suspended, with probation.4 The defendant timely appealed.
On appeal, defendant seemingly does not challenge the factual findings,
credibility determinations, or ultimate conclusion by the trial justice that defendant
violated his probation by committing a sexual assault in May 2012. The defendant
instead asks this Court to vacate the adjudication because, he claims, the Superior
Court did not have subject-matter jurisdiction over the original indictment.
According to defendant, his 2007 plea of nolo contendere to first-degree robbery
2 The violation hearing was consolidated with the violation hearing for Franklin Johnson, who was also allegedly involved in the sexual assault. 3 For the purposes of this order, a precise recitation of the details of the acts allegedly committed by defendant is not necessary. Although the testimony at the violation hearing was extensive, we do not deem it essential to delve into those details in this case. The sexual-assault indictment remains pending in the Superior Court (P1/18-1289A). 4 Apparently, defendant already was serving a five-year term, executed in 2015, for an earlier probation violation stemming from charges of uttering and publishing a forged and stolen check, forgery, and obtaining money under false pretenses. -3- and conspiracy in the underlying case was invalid because, he submits, he was
never presented in the District Court on those charges, and was never held to
answer to the Superior Court, nor was a true bill returned against him or filed with
the indictment. Likewise, defendant challenges the 2018 sexual assault
indictment—the predicate offense for his probation violation—contending that the
“indictment was never brought forth pursuant to the Rules of Procedure[,]” and
that no complaint, determination of probable cause, or true bill was returned
against him. The defendant is mistaken.
It is clear that throughout this case, defendant mounts an attack on the
procedural due process surrounding his underlying conviction, as well as the 2018
sexual-assault indictment charged in P1/18-1289A, which served as the basis for
the probation violation. However, the proper method for defendant to contest the
procedures surrounding his plea in the underlying case is through an application
for postconviction relief in that case.5 The defendant cannot challenge those
procedures through an appeal from a probation-violation adjudication.
Although there is no doubt that the issues raised in defendant’s appeal
belong in an application for postconviction relief, we pause to note that the docket
in the present 2006 robbery case indicates that defendant did have an initial
5 It appears that defendant has in fact filed an application for postconviction relief relating to the present case, which has been docketed in the Superior Court as PM 20-8148. -4- appearance before the District Court, on August 29, 2005. At that time, a District
Court criminal complaint was filed against defendant, charging him with felony
counts of robbery and conspiracy. Pursuant to Rule 5(c) of the District Court
Rules of Criminal Procedure, defendant was “not * * * called upon to plead” at his
initial felony appearance, and was held without bail. Thereafter, a grand jury
issued a true bill, and an indictment was filed in the Superior Court on
February 10, 2006. The defendant was arraigned in Superior Court on March 1,
2006. Therefore, the Superior Court was vested with jurisdiction over the
underlying case.
Similarly, none of the defects claimed by defendant surrounding the 2018
sexual-assault indictment have arisen. A grand jury charged defendant with felony
sexual-assault crimes on May 21, 2018, in P1/18-1289A. Pursuant to Rule 6(e)(4)
of the Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure, the indictment was sealed and
a warrant was issued for defendant. The next day, the indictment was unsealed, as
defendant was already incarcerated at the ACI; there was no need to arrest him.
The defendant was promptly arraigned in the Superior Court on May 25, 2018; he
entered a plea of not guilty and was remanded to the ACI.
Turning to the probation-violation hearing, although defendant has raised no
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Supreme Court
No. 2019-402-C.A. (P1/06-506B)
State :
v. :
Victor Tavares. :
ORDER
This case came before the Supreme Court on April 1, 2021, pursuant to an
order directing the parties to appear and show cause why the issues raised in this
appeal should not be summarily decided. The defendant, Victor Tavares, appeals
pro se from a Superior Court judgment of conviction adjudicating him as a
probation violator. After considering the parties’ written and oral submissions
and reviewing the record, we conclude that cause has not been shown and that the
appeal may be decided at this time. For the reasons set forth herein, we affirm the
judgment of the Superior Court.
In February 2006, a Providence County grand jury returned an indictment in
the present case charging defendant with two counts of first-degree robbery and
two counts of conspiracy. On August 2, 2007, defendant entered a plea of nolo
contendere to one count of first-degree robbery and one count of conspiracy. He
-1- was sentenced to fifteen years at the Adult Correctional Institutions, with three
years to serve and twelve years suspended, with probation, on the first-degree-
robbery count, and a concurrent term of ten years suspended, with probation, on
the conspiracy count. In consideration of defendant’s plea, the state dismissed the
remaining charges.
The defendant failed to comply with the terms and conditions of his
probation. On May 25, 2018, the state filed a violation report in accordance with
Rule 32(f) of the Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure.1 The basis of the
Rule 32(f) notice was an indictment charging defendant with felony sexual-assault
crimes in P1/18-1289A.
A justice of the Superior Court held a violation hearing over the course of
seven days during the summer of 2018, on July 9, 10, 17, and 18, and August 1, 2,
1 Rule 32(f) of the Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure provides that:
“The court shall not revoke probation or revoke a suspension of sentence or impose a sentence previously deferred except after a hearing at which the defendant shall be afforded the opportunity to be present and apprised of the grounds on which such action is proposed. The defendant may be admitted to bail pending such hearing. Prior to the hearing the State shall furnish the defendant and the court with a written statement specifying the grounds upon which action is sought under this subdivision. No revocation shall occur unless the State establishes by a fair preponderance of the evidence that the defendant breached a condition of the defendant’s probation or deferred sentence or failed to keep the peace or remain on good behavior.” -2- and 3.2 The defendant represented himself but had the benefit of standby counsel.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the Superior Court justice found that defendant
violated his probation based on the credible testimony of the complaining witness,
who claimed that defendant and codefendant Franklin Johnson had “forcefully”
and “deliberately sexually assaulted” her at a cookout over Memorial Day weekend
in 2012.3 The trial justice ordered defendant to serve three years and six months of
his suspended sentence for the robbery conviction, with the remaining time
suspended, with probation.4 The defendant timely appealed.
On appeal, defendant seemingly does not challenge the factual findings,
credibility determinations, or ultimate conclusion by the trial justice that defendant
violated his probation by committing a sexual assault in May 2012. The defendant
instead asks this Court to vacate the adjudication because, he claims, the Superior
Court did not have subject-matter jurisdiction over the original indictment.
According to defendant, his 2007 plea of nolo contendere to first-degree robbery
2 The violation hearing was consolidated with the violation hearing for Franklin Johnson, who was also allegedly involved in the sexual assault. 3 For the purposes of this order, a precise recitation of the details of the acts allegedly committed by defendant is not necessary. Although the testimony at the violation hearing was extensive, we do not deem it essential to delve into those details in this case. The sexual-assault indictment remains pending in the Superior Court (P1/18-1289A). 4 Apparently, defendant already was serving a five-year term, executed in 2015, for an earlier probation violation stemming from charges of uttering and publishing a forged and stolen check, forgery, and obtaining money under false pretenses. -3- and conspiracy in the underlying case was invalid because, he submits, he was
never presented in the District Court on those charges, and was never held to
answer to the Superior Court, nor was a true bill returned against him or filed with
the indictment. Likewise, defendant challenges the 2018 sexual assault
indictment—the predicate offense for his probation violation—contending that the
“indictment was never brought forth pursuant to the Rules of Procedure[,]” and
that no complaint, determination of probable cause, or true bill was returned
against him. The defendant is mistaken.
It is clear that throughout this case, defendant mounts an attack on the
procedural due process surrounding his underlying conviction, as well as the 2018
sexual-assault indictment charged in P1/18-1289A, which served as the basis for
the probation violation. However, the proper method for defendant to contest the
procedures surrounding his plea in the underlying case is through an application
for postconviction relief in that case.5 The defendant cannot challenge those
procedures through an appeal from a probation-violation adjudication.
Although there is no doubt that the issues raised in defendant’s appeal
belong in an application for postconviction relief, we pause to note that the docket
in the present 2006 robbery case indicates that defendant did have an initial
5 It appears that defendant has in fact filed an application for postconviction relief relating to the present case, which has been docketed in the Superior Court as PM 20-8148. -4- appearance before the District Court, on August 29, 2005. At that time, a District
Court criminal complaint was filed against defendant, charging him with felony
counts of robbery and conspiracy. Pursuant to Rule 5(c) of the District Court
Rules of Criminal Procedure, defendant was “not * * * called upon to plead” at his
initial felony appearance, and was held without bail. Thereafter, a grand jury
issued a true bill, and an indictment was filed in the Superior Court on
February 10, 2006. The defendant was arraigned in Superior Court on March 1,
2006. Therefore, the Superior Court was vested with jurisdiction over the
underlying case.
Similarly, none of the defects claimed by defendant surrounding the 2018
sexual-assault indictment have arisen. A grand jury charged defendant with felony
sexual-assault crimes on May 21, 2018, in P1/18-1289A. Pursuant to Rule 6(e)(4)
of the Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure, the indictment was sealed and
a warrant was issued for defendant. The next day, the indictment was unsealed, as
defendant was already incarcerated at the ACI; there was no need to arrest him.
The defendant was promptly arraigned in the Superior Court on May 25, 2018; he
entered a plea of not guilty and was remanded to the ACI.
Turning to the probation-violation hearing, although defendant has raised no
argument that the trial justice acted arbitrarily and capriciously, we briefly discuss
why we discern no error with the trial justice’s conclusion. This Court gives great
-5- deference to the findings and credibility determinations of the trial justice in a
probation-violation proceeding, and our review “is restricted to considering
‘whether the hearing justice acted arbitrarily or capriciously in finding a
violation.’” State v. Gromkiewicz, 43 A.3d 45, 48 (R.I. 2012) (quoting State v.
Seamans, 935 A.2d 618, 621 (R.I. 2007)). The trial justice thoroughly reviewed
the testimony of the witnesses—including the complaining witness—who testified
at the violation hearing. He recognized that “[t]he critical evaluation in this case”
was the complaining witness’s credibility, and he noted that she was subjected to
“spirited, aggressive, and not undue cross-examination[.]” The trial justice noted
that the complaining witness was not “a perfect witness[,]” but he found that, based
on the evidence that corroborated her version of events, she credibly testified that
defendant and Johnson sexually assaulted her.
The hearing turned on witness credibility. The trial justice reviewed the
testimony and explained why he found the complaining witness to be credible.
The trial justice painstakingly scrutinized the evidence that corroborated the
complaining witness’s testimony, including, but not limited to, the testimony of the
defendant, which testimony put him, Johnson, and the complaining witness in a
bedroom together on the night of the cookout. Because the defendant does not
appear to contest the Superior Court’s credibility findings or otherwise take issue
with the fact that the credible testimony was sufficient to support the violation
-6- adjudication, we conclude that the trial justice did not act arbitrarily or capriciously
in finding that the defendant violated his probation.
For the reasons set forth in this order, we affirm the judgment of the
Superior Court. The record may be returned to the Superior Court.
Entered as an Order of this Court this 27th day of May, 2021.
By Order,
/s/ _________________________________ Clerk
-7- STATE OF RHODE ISLAND SUPREME COURT – CLERK’S OFFICE Licht Judicial Complex 250 Benefit Street Providence, RI 02903
ORDER COVER SHEET
Title of Case State v. Victor Tavares.
No. 2019-402-C.A. Case Number (P1/06-506B)
Date Order Filed May 27, 2021
Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Robinson, Lynch Prata, and Justices Long, JJ.
Source of Appeal Providence County Superior Court
Judicial Officer from Lower Court Associate Justice Luis M. Matos
For State:
Christopher R. Bush Attorney(s) on Appeal Department of Attorney General For Defendant:
Victor A. Tavares, Pro Se
SU-CMS-02B (revised June 2020)