[Cite as State v. Vickroy, 2017-Ohio-9209.]
COURT OF APPEALS FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J. -vs- Case No. 17-CA-17 ZACHARIAH VICKROY
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2016-CR-404
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 21, 2017
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
R. KYLE WITT SCOTT P. WOOD Fairfield County Prosecuting Attorney Conrad/Wood 12 East Main Street, Suite 200 BRIAN T. WALTZ Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 239 West Main Street, Suite 101 Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 2
Hoffman, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Zachariah Vickroy appeals his convictions and
sentence entered by the Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas, on one count of
aggravated burglary, in violation of R.C. 2911.11(A)(1), a felony of the first degree; and
one count of robbery, in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(2), a felony of the second degree,
following a jury trial. Plaintiff-appellee is the state of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS
{¶2} On September 23, 2016, the Fairfield County Grand Jury indicted Appellant
on one count of aggravated burglary, in violation of R.C. 2911.11(A)(1), a felony of the
first degree; two counts of robbery, in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(2), felonies of the
second degree; one count of grand theft, in violation of R.C. 2913.02(B)(2), a felony of
the fourth degree; and one count of theft, in violation of R.C. 2913.02(A)(3), a
misdemeanor of the first degree. Appellant appeared for arraignment on November 8,
2016, and entered pleas of not guilty to all of the charges.
{¶3} The matter proceeded to jury trial on February 28, 2017. On the first day of
trial, prior to the start of trial, the State moved to dismiss Counts Three (robbery), Four
(grand theft), and Five (theft) of the Indictment. With no objections from Appellant, the
trial court granted the State’s motions.
{¶4} The following evidence was adduced at trial.
{¶5} Jennifer and Rico Kesterson were asleep in their home at 725 N. Pierce
Ave, Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio, on August 25, 2016, when they were awoken by
the sound of loud crash caused by someone breaking into the residence. Rico got out of
bed to investigate. As he entered the kitchen, he encountered Appellant, who sprayed Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 3
him in the face with bug spray. Jennifer heard Rico say, “Oh!”, and proceeded to the
kitchen. She found Rico backing up, stating he could not see anything. As she ran toward
her husband, Appellant instructed both of them not to move. Appellant had a gun pointed
at Rico.
{¶6} The Kestersons had met Appellant through a mutual friend. After the initial
meeting, Appellant appeared unannounced at the Kesterson residence three additional
times. Rico asked Appellant not to return. Rico observed another individual standing
behind Appellant, whom he recognized from one of Appellant’s prior unannounced visits.
{¶7} While Appellant brandished the gun at the Kestersons, the unidentified male
picked up a safe. Thereafter, the men fled the residence. Rico chased the men and
ended up in a physical altercation with the unidentified male. Appellant and the other
individual man were able to get away.
{¶8} Rico called 911. During the 911 call, Rico identified Appellant by name as
one of the robbers. Officers were dispatched to the Kesterson residence. Officers noted
Rico’s injuries were consistent with being sprayed by mace or bug spray, to wit: red face;
glassy, bloodshot eyes; coughing; and gagging. Officers found the window of the door
the perpetrators used to gain entrance into the home had been broken. A can of bug
spray was discovered in the house, but no useable fingerprints were obtained from the
can. BCI tested the can for touch DNA. The DNA on the can did not belong to Appellant.
The testing could not exclude Appellant as having handled the can. Both Jennifer and
Rico identified Appellant at trial. The Kestersons also separately identified Appellant with
100% certainty through a photo line-up. Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 4
{¶9} Appellant was arrested on August 29, 2016, at the residence of Daniel
Pavlov, who was an acquaintance of the Kestersons. Pavlov was with Rico when he
purchased the safe a few days prior to the break-in. Pavlov had seen the contents of the
safe. When he was arrested, Appellant was in possession of a necklace which had been
in the safe at the time of the incident. Appellant was also in possession of a large amount
of cash, which mainly consisted of $100 bills, which was consistent with the
denominations in the safe.
{¶10} After hearing all the evidence and deliberating, the jury found Appellant
guilty of one count of aggravated burglary and one count of robbery. On March 22, 2017,
the trial court conducted a sentencing hearing. The trial court merged the two counts,
and the State elected to proceed with sentencing on the aggravated burglary charge. The
trial court imposed a prison term of six years.
{¶11} It is from his convictions and sentence Appellant appeals, assigning as
error:
{¶12} 1. THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO CONVICT APPELLANT
OF AGGRAVATED BURGLARY AND ROBBERY.
I
{¶13} When an appellate court reviews a record for sufficiency, the relevant
inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution,
any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven
beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Monroe, 105 Ohio St.3d 384, 2005-Ohio-2282, 827
N.E.2d 285, ¶ 47. Sufficiency is a test of adequacy. State v. Thompkins (1997), 78 Ohio
St.3d 380, 386, 678 N.E.2d 541. Accordingly, the question of whether the offered Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 5
evidence is sufficient to sustain a verdict is a question of law. State v. Perkins, 3d Dist.
Hancock No. 5–13–01, 2014-Ohio-752, 2014 WL 855870, ¶ 30, citing Thompkins at 386.
{¶14} Appellant was convicted on one count of aggravated burglary. The offense
of aggravated burglary is defined in R.C. 2911.11(A)(1), as follows:
(A) No person, by force, stealth, or deception, shall trespass in an
occupied structure or in a separately secured or separately occupied portion
of an occupied structure, when another person other than an accomplice of
the offender is present, with purpose to commit in the structure or in the
separately secured or separately occupied portion of the structure any
criminal offense, if any of the following apply:
(1) The offender inflicts, or attempts or threatens to inflict physical
harm on another.
{¶15} Appellant was also convicted of one count of robbery, in violation of R.C.
2911.02(A)(2), which provides:
(A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in
fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the
following:
*** Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 6
(2) Inflict, attempt to inflict, or threaten to inflict physical harm on
another.
{¶16} In his Brief to this Court, Appellant argues the State’s entire case was based
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[Cite as State v. Vickroy, 2017-Ohio-9209.]
COURT OF APPEALS FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J. -vs- Case No. 17-CA-17 ZACHARIAH VICKROY
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2016-CR-404
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 21, 2017
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
R. KYLE WITT SCOTT P. WOOD Fairfield County Prosecuting Attorney Conrad/Wood 12 East Main Street, Suite 200 BRIAN T. WALTZ Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 239 West Main Street, Suite 101 Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 2
Hoffman, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Zachariah Vickroy appeals his convictions and
sentence entered by the Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas, on one count of
aggravated burglary, in violation of R.C. 2911.11(A)(1), a felony of the first degree; and
one count of robbery, in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(2), a felony of the second degree,
following a jury trial. Plaintiff-appellee is the state of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS
{¶2} On September 23, 2016, the Fairfield County Grand Jury indicted Appellant
on one count of aggravated burglary, in violation of R.C. 2911.11(A)(1), a felony of the
first degree; two counts of robbery, in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(2), felonies of the
second degree; one count of grand theft, in violation of R.C. 2913.02(B)(2), a felony of
the fourth degree; and one count of theft, in violation of R.C. 2913.02(A)(3), a
misdemeanor of the first degree. Appellant appeared for arraignment on November 8,
2016, and entered pleas of not guilty to all of the charges.
{¶3} The matter proceeded to jury trial on February 28, 2017. On the first day of
trial, prior to the start of trial, the State moved to dismiss Counts Three (robbery), Four
(grand theft), and Five (theft) of the Indictment. With no objections from Appellant, the
trial court granted the State’s motions.
{¶4} The following evidence was adduced at trial.
{¶5} Jennifer and Rico Kesterson were asleep in their home at 725 N. Pierce
Ave, Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio, on August 25, 2016, when they were awoken by
the sound of loud crash caused by someone breaking into the residence. Rico got out of
bed to investigate. As he entered the kitchen, he encountered Appellant, who sprayed Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 3
him in the face with bug spray. Jennifer heard Rico say, “Oh!”, and proceeded to the
kitchen. She found Rico backing up, stating he could not see anything. As she ran toward
her husband, Appellant instructed both of them not to move. Appellant had a gun pointed
at Rico.
{¶6} The Kestersons had met Appellant through a mutual friend. After the initial
meeting, Appellant appeared unannounced at the Kesterson residence three additional
times. Rico asked Appellant not to return. Rico observed another individual standing
behind Appellant, whom he recognized from one of Appellant’s prior unannounced visits.
{¶7} While Appellant brandished the gun at the Kestersons, the unidentified male
picked up a safe. Thereafter, the men fled the residence. Rico chased the men and
ended up in a physical altercation with the unidentified male. Appellant and the other
individual man were able to get away.
{¶8} Rico called 911. During the 911 call, Rico identified Appellant by name as
one of the robbers. Officers were dispatched to the Kesterson residence. Officers noted
Rico’s injuries were consistent with being sprayed by mace or bug spray, to wit: red face;
glassy, bloodshot eyes; coughing; and gagging. Officers found the window of the door
the perpetrators used to gain entrance into the home had been broken. A can of bug
spray was discovered in the house, but no useable fingerprints were obtained from the
can. BCI tested the can for touch DNA. The DNA on the can did not belong to Appellant.
The testing could not exclude Appellant as having handled the can. Both Jennifer and
Rico identified Appellant at trial. The Kestersons also separately identified Appellant with
100% certainty through a photo line-up. Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 4
{¶9} Appellant was arrested on August 29, 2016, at the residence of Daniel
Pavlov, who was an acquaintance of the Kestersons. Pavlov was with Rico when he
purchased the safe a few days prior to the break-in. Pavlov had seen the contents of the
safe. When he was arrested, Appellant was in possession of a necklace which had been
in the safe at the time of the incident. Appellant was also in possession of a large amount
of cash, which mainly consisted of $100 bills, which was consistent with the
denominations in the safe.
{¶10} After hearing all the evidence and deliberating, the jury found Appellant
guilty of one count of aggravated burglary and one count of robbery. On March 22, 2017,
the trial court conducted a sentencing hearing. The trial court merged the two counts,
and the State elected to proceed with sentencing on the aggravated burglary charge. The
trial court imposed a prison term of six years.
{¶11} It is from his convictions and sentence Appellant appeals, assigning as
error:
{¶12} 1. THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO CONVICT APPELLANT
OF AGGRAVATED BURGLARY AND ROBBERY.
I
{¶13} When an appellate court reviews a record for sufficiency, the relevant
inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution,
any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven
beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Monroe, 105 Ohio St.3d 384, 2005-Ohio-2282, 827
N.E.2d 285, ¶ 47. Sufficiency is a test of adequacy. State v. Thompkins (1997), 78 Ohio
St.3d 380, 386, 678 N.E.2d 541. Accordingly, the question of whether the offered Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 5
evidence is sufficient to sustain a verdict is a question of law. State v. Perkins, 3d Dist.
Hancock No. 5–13–01, 2014-Ohio-752, 2014 WL 855870, ¶ 30, citing Thompkins at 386.
{¶14} Appellant was convicted on one count of aggravated burglary. The offense
of aggravated burglary is defined in R.C. 2911.11(A)(1), as follows:
(A) No person, by force, stealth, or deception, shall trespass in an
occupied structure or in a separately secured or separately occupied portion
of an occupied structure, when another person other than an accomplice of
the offender is present, with purpose to commit in the structure or in the
separately secured or separately occupied portion of the structure any
criminal offense, if any of the following apply:
(1) The offender inflicts, or attempts or threatens to inflict physical
harm on another.
{¶15} Appellant was also convicted of one count of robbery, in violation of R.C.
2911.02(A)(2), which provides:
(A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in
fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the
following:
*** Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 6
(2) Inflict, attempt to inflict, or threaten to inflict physical harm on
another.
{¶16} In his Brief to this Court, Appellant argues the State’s entire case was based
on the testimony of Rico Kesterson, who is a convicted felon and who had been released
from prison just months before the incident, and Jennifer Kesterson, his wife. Appellant
notes there was no physical evidence establishing he was at the Kesterson residence on
the day of the incident. Appellant also points to a number of alleged inconsistencies in
the evidence, including the fact Appellant and his cohort entered a home about which
they had no prior knowledge, but knew exactly where the safe was hidden; law
enforcement officers never recovered the safe or located the getaway vehicle; no one in
the neighborhood saw or heard anything despite testimony of screeching truck tires and
Rico yelling as he attempted to jump in the truck; testimony the Kesterson’s dogs never
barked or rustled; and the fact Danny Pavlov, the Kesterson’s acquaintance, returned
items to the Kestersons which they had in the safe, and the same kind of wasp/hornet
spray Appellant used on Rico was found in the back of Pavlov’s truck. Appellant
concludes, in light of Rico Kesterson’s lack of credibility and the inconsistencies in the
evidence, there was insufficient evidence to convict him.
{¶17} Appellant’s arguments go to the issue of credibility and the weight to be
given to the evidence, not the sufficiency of the evidence.
{¶18} Turning to the sufficiency of the evidence, we find, viewing the evidence in
a light most favorable to the prosecution, a rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the crime of aggravated burglary proven beyond a reasonable Fairfield County, Case No. 17-CA-17 7
doubt. The State offered testimony which established Appellant, “by force, stealth, or
deception” trespassed in an occupied structure, to wit: the Kesterson residence, and
inflicted physical harm on Rico Kesterson and threatened to inflict physical harm on
Jennifer Kesterson. We further find, viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the
prosecution, a rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
of robbery. The State presented evidence which established Appellant, “in attempting or
committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense,” inflicted
physical harm on Rico Kesterson and threatened to inflict physical harm on Jennifer
Kesterson.
{¶19} We find there was sufficient evidence to support Appellant’s convictions.
{¶20} Appellant’s sole assignment of error is overruled.
{¶21} The judgment of the Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
By: Hoffman, J.
Delaney, P.J. and
Wise, Earle, J. concur