MR. CHIEF JUSTICE CALLAWAY
delivered the opinion of the court.
After this court affirmed the judgment in this cause
(State
v.
Vettere,
76 Mont. 574, 248 Pac. 179), the defendant, after notice to his counsel, was brought into the district court for further proceedings, agreeably to section 12101, Rev. Codes 1921, which provides: “If for any reason a judgment of death has not been executed, and it remains in force, the court in which the conviction was had, on the application of the county attorney, must order the defendant to be brought before it, or if he is at large, a warrant for his apprehension may be issued. Upon the defendant being brought before the court, it must inquire into the facts, and if no legal reasons exist
against the execution of the judgment, must make an order that the sheriff execute the judgment at a specified time. The sheriff must execute the judgment accordingly.”
The court inquired whether any legal reason existed against the execution of the judgment; upon which Mr. Galasso, counsel for the defendant, addressed the court, saying that he had not seen the defendant, before his arrival in court that morning, for several weeks; that the defendant appeared to him “insane and irrational; that he had sat by the defendant in court for several minutes and the defendant spoke incoherently on many different subjects”; that while counsel was sitting in a chair in front of defendant the defendant came to him and told counsel his name was not Tony Yettere but Guiseppe Antonio Malvetti; that defendant did not appear to know the nature of the proceeding there taking place. Counsel therefore requested the court to examine and interrogate the defendant as to his mental condition. The court minutes recite that Mr. Galasso “requested the court to examine the defendant herein to determine whether or not he is sane or insane at this time, and the court refused to do so. The court thereupon inquired into the facts and it appearing therefrom that no legal reason exists against the execution of the judgment made and entered herein by the court on March 18, 1926, the sheriff of Silver Bow county, Montana, is hereby ordered and directed to execute the judgment” at a time fixed.
Thereafter counsel moved the court to correct its minutes to show the representations which he had made as a basis for requesting the court to inquire into the mental condition of the defendant. These representations, set forth in substance above, were presented by counsel’s affidavit filed in support of the motion. This motion the court by order denied. Thereupon the defendant appealed from the order directing the sheriff of Silver Bow county to execute the judgment, and from the order denying the defendant’s motion to correct the minutes of the court.
A person cannot be tried, adjudged to punishment or punished for a public offense while he is insane. (See. 12213, Rev. Codes 1921.)
The Code provides one course of procedure when a doubt arises as to the sanity of a defendant before judgment, and another when the doubt arises after judgment of death. The course to be followed when an action is called for trial, or at any time during the trial, or when the defendant is brought up for judgment on conviction, is prescribed in sections 12214 and 12219, inclusive, Chapter 44, Revised Codes of 1921. The court in such case must order the question as to the sanity of the defendant to be submitted to a jury which must be drawn and selected as in other cases and the trial or the pronouncement of judgment must be suspended until the question is determined by the jury. (Sec. 12214.)
But after judgment of death has been pronounced no judge, court, or officer, other than the governor, can suspend the execution of judgment, except the sheriff, as provided in sections 12095 to 12100, inclusive, Revised Codes of 1921, unless an appeal be taken. (Sec. 12094, Rev. Codes 1921.)
Section 12095 provides that if, after judgment of death, there is good reason to suppose that the defendant has become insane the sheriff of the county, with the concurrence of the judge of the court by which the judgment was rendered, may summon from the list of jurors selected for the year a jury of twelve persons to inquire into the supposed insanity and must give immediate notice thereof to the county attorney of the county. The county attorney must attend the inquisition, and may produce witnesses before the jury. (Sec. 12096.)
A certificate of the inquisition must be signed by the jurors and the sheriff, and filed with the clerk of the court in which the conviction was had. (Sec. 12097.)
If it is found by the inquisition that the defendant is sane, the sheriff must execute the judgment; but if it is found that he is. insane, the sheriff must suspend the execution of the judgment until he receives a warrant from the governor or
from the judge of the court by which the judgment was rendered directing the execution of the judgment. If the inquisition finds that the defendant is insane, the sheriff must immediately transmit it to the governor, who may, when the defendant becomes sane, issue a warrant appointing a day for the execution of the judgment. (Sec. 12098.)
Counsel for the defendant, did not attempt to obtain relief under 12095 and the succeeding sections. His reason for not doing so, he says, is that sections 12095 and 12096 are unconstitutional. He insists that it was the duty of the court, when the matter was called to its attention to proceed under the provisions of section 12213
et seq.
The defendant is not in a position to urge the uneonstitu tionality of sections 12095 and 12096. These sections have not been invoked to his prejudice, nor operated in any way to his disadvantage. One will not be heard to question the validity of a statute unless his interests have been, or are about to be, prejudicially affected by its operation.
(Thomas
v.
City of Missoula,
70 Mont. 478, 226 Pac. 213;
Barth
v.
Pock,
51 Mont. 418, 155 Pac. 282;
Spratt
v.
Helena P. T. Co.,
37 Mont. 60, 94 Pac. 631.)
Were it to be conceded, which it is not, that counsel is correct in his theory that sections 12095 and 12096 are unconstitutional, and that the provisions of sections 12213 and the following sections of Chapter 44 were applicable to the situation presented, still the defendant is no better off. An application of this sort is an appeal to judicial discretion. The doubt contemplated in section 12214 must be caused to exist in the mind of the presiding judge. There must be a doubt which appeals to the judicial conscience.
“Unless there is a doubt in the mind of the judge
a
quo•— a doubt which he must legally determine as he would determine any other matter of grave import before him — he will not be warranted in calling a special jury to try the issue. Such is the purport of the authorities.
(State
v.
Peterson,
24 Mont. 81, 60 Pac. 809, and cases cited;
People
v.
Hettick,
126 Cal.
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MR. CHIEF JUSTICE CALLAWAY
delivered the opinion of the court.
After this court affirmed the judgment in this cause
(State
v.
Vettere,
76 Mont. 574, 248 Pac. 179), the defendant, after notice to his counsel, was brought into the district court for further proceedings, agreeably to section 12101, Rev. Codes 1921, which provides: “If for any reason a judgment of death has not been executed, and it remains in force, the court in which the conviction was had, on the application of the county attorney, must order the defendant to be brought before it, or if he is at large, a warrant for his apprehension may be issued. Upon the defendant being brought before the court, it must inquire into the facts, and if no legal reasons exist
against the execution of the judgment, must make an order that the sheriff execute the judgment at a specified time. The sheriff must execute the judgment accordingly.”
The court inquired whether any legal reason existed against the execution of the judgment; upon which Mr. Galasso, counsel for the defendant, addressed the court, saying that he had not seen the defendant, before his arrival in court that morning, for several weeks; that the defendant appeared to him “insane and irrational; that he had sat by the defendant in court for several minutes and the defendant spoke incoherently on many different subjects”; that while counsel was sitting in a chair in front of defendant the defendant came to him and told counsel his name was not Tony Yettere but Guiseppe Antonio Malvetti; that defendant did not appear to know the nature of the proceeding there taking place. Counsel therefore requested the court to examine and interrogate the defendant as to his mental condition. The court minutes recite that Mr. Galasso “requested the court to examine the defendant herein to determine whether or not he is sane or insane at this time, and the court refused to do so. The court thereupon inquired into the facts and it appearing therefrom that no legal reason exists against the execution of the judgment made and entered herein by the court on March 18, 1926, the sheriff of Silver Bow county, Montana, is hereby ordered and directed to execute the judgment” at a time fixed.
Thereafter counsel moved the court to correct its minutes to show the representations which he had made as a basis for requesting the court to inquire into the mental condition of the defendant. These representations, set forth in substance above, were presented by counsel’s affidavit filed in support of the motion. This motion the court by order denied. Thereupon the defendant appealed from the order directing the sheriff of Silver Bow county to execute the judgment, and from the order denying the defendant’s motion to correct the minutes of the court.
A person cannot be tried, adjudged to punishment or punished for a public offense while he is insane. (See. 12213, Rev. Codes 1921.)
The Code provides one course of procedure when a doubt arises as to the sanity of a defendant before judgment, and another when the doubt arises after judgment of death. The course to be followed when an action is called for trial, or at any time during the trial, or when the defendant is brought up for judgment on conviction, is prescribed in sections 12214 and 12219, inclusive, Chapter 44, Revised Codes of 1921. The court in such case must order the question as to the sanity of the defendant to be submitted to a jury which must be drawn and selected as in other cases and the trial or the pronouncement of judgment must be suspended until the question is determined by the jury. (Sec. 12214.)
But after judgment of death has been pronounced no judge, court, or officer, other than the governor, can suspend the execution of judgment, except the sheriff, as provided in sections 12095 to 12100, inclusive, Revised Codes of 1921, unless an appeal be taken. (Sec. 12094, Rev. Codes 1921.)
Section 12095 provides that if, after judgment of death, there is good reason to suppose that the defendant has become insane the sheriff of the county, with the concurrence of the judge of the court by which the judgment was rendered, may summon from the list of jurors selected for the year a jury of twelve persons to inquire into the supposed insanity and must give immediate notice thereof to the county attorney of the county. The county attorney must attend the inquisition, and may produce witnesses before the jury. (Sec. 12096.)
A certificate of the inquisition must be signed by the jurors and the sheriff, and filed with the clerk of the court in which the conviction was had. (Sec. 12097.)
If it is found by the inquisition that the defendant is sane, the sheriff must execute the judgment; but if it is found that he is. insane, the sheriff must suspend the execution of the judgment until he receives a warrant from the governor or
from the judge of the court by which the judgment was rendered directing the execution of the judgment. If the inquisition finds that the defendant is insane, the sheriff must immediately transmit it to the governor, who may, when the defendant becomes sane, issue a warrant appointing a day for the execution of the judgment. (Sec. 12098.)
Counsel for the defendant, did not attempt to obtain relief under 12095 and the succeeding sections. His reason for not doing so, he says, is that sections 12095 and 12096 are unconstitutional. He insists that it was the duty of the court, when the matter was called to its attention to proceed under the provisions of section 12213
et seq.
The defendant is not in a position to urge the uneonstitu tionality of sections 12095 and 12096. These sections have not been invoked to his prejudice, nor operated in any way to his disadvantage. One will not be heard to question the validity of a statute unless his interests have been, or are about to be, prejudicially affected by its operation.
(Thomas
v.
City of Missoula,
70 Mont. 478, 226 Pac. 213;
Barth
v.
Pock,
51 Mont. 418, 155 Pac. 282;
Spratt
v.
Helena P. T. Co.,
37 Mont. 60, 94 Pac. 631.)
Were it to be conceded, which it is not, that counsel is correct in his theory that sections 12095 and 12096 are unconstitutional, and that the provisions of sections 12213 and the following sections of Chapter 44 were applicable to the situation presented, still the defendant is no better off. An application of this sort is an appeal to judicial discretion. The doubt contemplated in section 12214 must be caused to exist in the mind of the presiding judge. There must be a doubt which appeals to the judicial conscience.
“Unless there is a doubt in the mind of the judge
a
quo•— a doubt which he must legally determine as he would determine any other matter of grave import before him — he will not be warranted in calling a special jury to try the issue. Such is the purport of the authorities.
(State
v.
Peterson,
24 Mont. 81, 60 Pac. 809, and cases cited;
People
v.
Hettick,
126 Cal.
425, 58 Pac. 918;
People
v.
Geiger,
116 Cal. 440, 48 Pac. 389.)”
{State
v.
Howard,
30 Mont. 518, 77 Pac. 50.)
The doubt is not presented, necessarily, by tbe mere assertion of defendant’s counsel that bis client is insane.
(State
v.
Peterson, supra.)
In tbe instant case tbe record does not disclose error on part of tbe trial judge. He beard the testimony on tbe trial, observed tbe appearance and demeanor of tbe defendant during its progress, and again observed bis appearance and demeanor when brought before tbe court upon tbe day tbe proceedings in question took place. We have no doubt that tbe careful presiding judge, from what be knew, beard and saw, did not entertain any doubt as to the defendant’s sanity.
If it were assumed that tbe court was proceeding pursuant to section 12214 and bad determined tbe showing made, as disclosed by this record, insufficient to invoke its judicial discretion, this court would affirm that position.
Tbe court did not err in refusing to amend its minutes as requested by counsel.
Tbe orders are affirmed.
Affirmed.
Associate Justices Stark and Matthews and Honorable Theodore Lentz, District Judge, sitting in place of Mb. Justice Holloway, disqualified, concur.