State v. Tygart

531 S.W.2d 47, 1975 Mo. App. LEXIS 2113
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 8, 1975
DocketNo. KCD 27293
StatusPublished
Cited by11 cases

This text of 531 S.W.2d 47 (State v. Tygart) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Tygart, 531 S.W.2d 47, 1975 Mo. App. LEXIS 2113 (Mo. Ct. App. 1975).

Opinion

SOMERVILLE, Presiding Judge.

Defendant was charged under the Second Offender Act with unlawful possession of [48]*48Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, commonly known as “LSD”, a Schedule I controlled substance. Sections 195.017, 195.020, and 195.200, RSMo Supp.1973. He was found guilty by a jury as charged and the court, after making the requisite findings relative to the Second Offender Act, fixed his punishment at nine years confinement in the Department of Corrections. The matter is before this court on a timely appeal taken by defendant.

Defendant has not challenged the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the guilty verdict and a fairly terse recitation of the evidence demonstrates why he has not done so.

During the afternoon of July 17,1973, an officer (Harman) of the Kansas City, Missouri, Police Department received information from a reliable informant that defendant was driving a truck of a particular description in the vicinity of 41st and Oak Streets, in Kansas City, and was in possession of some “narcotics” and “weapons”. Additionally, defendant was reported to be leaving for Kansas within the next thirty minutes. The police computer terminal disclosed the existence of two outstanding warrants for defendant’s arrest for traffic violations. The information received from the informant and the existence of the outstanding warrants was made available to two officers (Lynch and Chapman) who subsequently apprehended defendant in his truck near the vicinity of 42nd and McGee Streets, Kansas City, Missouri.

Shortly after defendant was apprehended, Officer Harman arrived at the scene. Defendant was advised by the officers of the two outstanding warrants and was placed under arrest. At the scene defendant’s person was searched by Officer Chapman. The search uncovered two small bottles on defendant’s person containing approximately 150 “tabs” which appeared to the officers to be “narcotics”. While still at the scene of the arrest, Officer Lynch searched the truck defendant had been driving and found another bottle containing approximately 65 “tabs”, which also appeared to the officers to be “narcotics”.1 Defendant was additionally placed under arrest at the scene for “possession of narcotics”. Subsequent thereto, while still at the scene of his arrest, and after being given a “Miranda” warning, defendant, in response to a question asked by Officer Chapman, said with reference to the contents of the two bottles seized from his person, “It is LSD. Goes for $2.00 a hit.” A subsequent chemical analysis of the contents of the three bottles respectively seized from defendant’s person and the truck he was driving revealed that the “tabs” were Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, a Schedule I controlled substance.

Defendant raises but one issue on appeal — that the trial court erred in refusing to sustain various motions made by him for a mistrial predicated upon the state’s injection before the jury of “crimes” other than the one for which he was standing trial. As hereinafter demonstrated, defendant assiduously pursued the collective aspects of the lone issue raised on appeal from the time the state made its opening statement, thence throughout the remaining course of the trial, and, as well, in his motion for a new trial.

The factual core of the single issue presented, as delineated by defendant in his brief, consists of the following sequential events.

During the state’s opening statement, the assistant prosecuting attorney presenting the case said: “The evidence will be that after the defendant, Willie Earl Tygart, was placed under arrest . he was asked by one of the two patrolman what the two pill bottles contained, that were removed from his left front pocket; and the defendant freely admitted to the [49]*49officers that it was LSD, two, I think; and that he was selling it for $2.00 a pop or a sale.” Defense counsel timely objected thereto on the ground that the latter portion of the state’s opening statement improperly told the jury that defendant was guilty of selling narcotics, a crime totally unrelated to the one for which he was standing trial. The only relief sought by defense counsel was a request for the trial court to declare a mistrial. The record discloses that defense counsel studiously avoided requesting any relief short of a mistrial because the trial court, of its own volition, before denying the request to declare a mistrial, advised defense counsel that it would entertain an “appropriate motion” regarding the objectionable statement. Defense counsel declined to accept the trial court’s invitation to move for some form of relief less drastic than declaration of a mistrial. Thus, the trial court was effectively precluded by defense counsel from considering any corrective action whatsoever short of a mistrial. A somewhat analogous situation confronted the court in State v. Cuckovich, 485 S.W.2d 16 (Mo. banc 1972), which involved a response by one of the state’s witnesses which the accused claimed was prejudicial because it assailed his character. There, as here, the sole and only corrective relief sought by defense counsel was a request for a mistrial. In upholding the trial court’s refusal to declare a mistrial the court in Guckovich, 1. c. 24, pungently stated: “We think it is significant that the only relief defendant sought was a mistrial. It is our view that he should have asked also that the statement be stricken and the jury ordered to disregard it. In that way the court could have considered action short of a mistrial.” The court in Cuckovich noted, 1. c. 24, as does this court, that a trial court occupies a position vastly superior to that of an appellate court for evaluating claimed prejudicial matters and the possibility of expunging them rather than resorting to the drastic measure of declaring a mistrial. In the instant case the trial court obviously con-eluded that it was inappropriate to declare a mistrial because expurgatory relief existed to cure any objectionable features of the state’s opening statement. In view of the nature of the matter complained of and defense counsel’s declination to countenance any curative relief short of a mistrial, this court is unwilling to hold that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to declare a mistrial at this juncture. For reasons later set forth herein, it is worthy of mention that the trial court, in denying defense counsel’s request to declare a mistrial, noted, inter alia, that “. . . such evidence would have to do with the knowledge and nature of the substance that the defendant is charged with possession of at the time . . . .”

During the course of the state’s direct examination of Officer Lynch, the state elicited that defendant, with reference to the contents of the two bottles removed from his person, stated in Lynch’s presence at the scene of the arrest, “It is LSD. Goes for $2.00 a hit.” Defense counsel objected thereto “on the basis that the prosecutor has adduced evidence of crimes not charged against the defendant.” Defense counsel followed up his objection with a single claim for curative relief — a motion for a mistrial. Again, the trial court refused to declare a mistrial. Although all concerned apparently construed “Goes for $2.00 a hit” as meaning “I [defendant] am selling it [LSD] for $2.00 a hit”, it appears equally susceptible of being construed as meaning “I [defendant] purchased it [LSD] for $2.00 a hit.”

During defense counsel’s recross-examination of Officer Harman, the record discloses the following questions asked to which the following answers were given:

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Bluebook (online)
531 S.W.2d 47, 1975 Mo. App. LEXIS 2113, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-tygart-moctapp-1975.