State v. Tatum

506 So. 2d 584
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedApril 9, 1987
DocketKA-5287
StatusPublished
Cited by29 cases

This text of 506 So. 2d 584 (State v. Tatum) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Tatum, 506 So. 2d 584 (La. Ct. App. 1987).

Opinion

506 So.2d 584 (1987)

STATE of Louisiana
v.
Thad TATUM, Jr.

No. KA-5287.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fourth Circuit.

April 9, 1987.

*587 William J. Guste, Jr., Atty. Gen., Barbara Rutledge, Asst. Atty. Gen., Harry F. Connick, Dist. Atty., Michael E. McMahon, Asst. Dist. Atty., New Orleans, for plaintiff.

Henry P. Julien, Jr., New Orleans, for defendant.

Before GARRISON, BARRY and CIACCIO, JJ.

BARRY, Judge.

The defendant was convicted of armed robbery, La.R.S. 14:64, attempted armed robbery, R.S. 14:27 and 14:64, and attempted second degree murder, R.S. 14:27 and 14:30.1. He was sentenced to 50 years for the armed robbery and 45 years for the attempted armed robbery to run consecutively, and 45 years concurrent for the attempted murder. He was multiple billed as a double offender and resentenced to the original sentences.

BACKGROUND

According to the State's evidence, on May 31, 1983 at about 5:30 a.m. the defendant confronted Homer Mayeaux as he parked his automobile in a lot at S. Claiborne and Tulane Avenues. The defendant put a gun to Mayeaux's head, demanded his money, wristwatch and keys, then got into his automobile. He drove back and forth trying to exit the lot then crashed through a security chain.

Twenty minutes later the defendant stopped at a self-service gas station, pulled a gun and ordered Ms. Jessie Conerly, the cashier, to give him money from the register. When she called the police, the defendant pointed the gun at her head and fired, which caused a dent in the booth's bullet proof glass. As the defendant drove off Ms. Conerly noted the car's license number.

On July 4, 1983 police officers attempted to cite the defendant for disregarding a stop sign. He fled and was apprehended after running a second stop sign and having struck another vehicle. The officers determined that the car the defendant was driving had been stolen, placed him under arrest, and seized a gun from the floorboard. Both Mayeaux and Conerly identified the defendant in photographic lineups and at trial.

The defendant and his former girlfriend testified they went to a hotel about 1:30 a.m. on May 31, 1983 and remained there until 4:30 p.m. His mother, father, sister and "future brother-in-law" testified the defendant had purchased the allegedly stolen Granada in June, 1983.

IDENTIFICATION

ASSIGNMENT # 1

The defendant contends the trial court erred by denying the motion to suppress his identification. He claims prejudice because a physical lineup was not conducted and a police officer "who had no involvement with the case" was present at a photographic lineup held six weeks after the alleged crimes.

For an out of court identification to be suppressed the defendant must prove that the procedure was so suggestive that there was a likelihood of misidentification. Manson v. Brathwaite, 432 U.S. 98, 97 S.Ct. 2243, 53 L.Ed.2d 140 (1977). The *588 factors to evaluate if an identification is suggestive are: (1) the witness' opportunity to view the defendant during the commission of the crime, (2) the degree of attention paid by the witness, (3) the accuracy of the witness' prior description, (4) the witness' certainty during the identification, and (5) the length of time between the crime and the identification. State v. Prudholm, 446 So.2d 729 (La.1984); State v. Buchanan, 463 So.2d 660 (La.App. 4th Cir. 1985).

Both victims identified the defendant from photo lineups four and nine days after his arrest. Mayeaux observed the defendant for approximately five minutes at close range during the armed robbery and while he tried to exit the lot. Conerly stared at the defendant when he pointed the gun at her head. Both gave descriptions of the defendant immediately following the crimes and positively identified his photograph from groups of six.

There is no legal necessity to conduct a physical lineup. All of the criteria for a proper identification were met.

PREJUDICIAL REMARKS

ASSIGNMENTS # 2, 4 and 7

The defendant alleges the trial court erred by not declaring a mistrial when the arresting officer's testimony referred to his prior criminal record. He contends the police officer is a "court official" within C.Cr.P. Art. 770, thus a mistrial was mandated when the officer testified he arrested the defendant for being a convicted felon in possession of a firearm, R.S. 14:95.1 (that charge was nol prossed).

C.Cr.P. Art. 770 in pertinent part provides:

Upon motion of a defendant, a mistrial shall be ordered when a remark or comment, made within the hearing of the jury by the judge, district attorney, or a court official, during the trial or in argument, refers directly or indirectly to: (2) Another crime committed or alleged to have been committed by the defendant as to which evidence is not admissible;
An admonition to the jury to disregard the remark or comment shall not be sufficient to prevent a mistrial. If the defendant, however, requests that only an admonition be given, the court shall admonish the jury to disregard the remark or comment but shall not declare a mistrial.

A police officer is not a "court official" under C.Cr.P. Art. 770 and absent a showing of a pattern of unresponsive answers or improper intent by the officer, a mistrial is not required. The appropriate remedy for an improper remark by a police officer is an admonition to the jury. State v. Harper, 430 So.2d 627 (La.1983); State v. Harris, 383 So.2d 1 (La.1980).

The trial judge offered to admonish the jury; however, defense counsel requested that no admonition be given. There is no evidence of a pattern of unsolicited, unresponsive references, thus, this assignment lacks merit.

The defendant alleges he was prejudiced by a "mug shot" taken from an unrelated prior arrest. In order to compare defendant's hair styles the prosecutor attempted to introduce an earlier police photograph. The prosecutor did not refer to the picture as a "mug shot". The photograph was not introduced and the jury had no basis to connect it to a prior crime.

The defendant also argues the prosecutor made prejudicial remarks referring to "other crimes". When the defense moved to introduce the arrest register in this case, the court asked if the State had an objection and the prosecutor responded: "Could I see it please? It is my understanding that there are many arrest registers in this case." The State's response clearly referred to the scenario in this case, thus the trial court properly refused to grant a mistrial.

The defendant contends the court erred when it permitted the State to ask a defense witness whether the hotel which the defendant allegedly frequented was a "predominantly black" hotel.

C.Cr.P. Art. 770(1) provides in pertinent part:

*589 Upon motion of a defendant, a mistrial shall be ordered when a remark or comment, made within the hearing of the jury by the judge, district attorney, or a court official, during the trial or in argument, refers directly or indirectly to: (1) Race, religion, color or national origin, if the remark or comment is not material and relevant and might create prejudice against the defendant in the mind of the jury.

The question might be considered immaterial or irrelevant. However, we find it did not create the prejudice contemplated by Art. 770.

JURY MISCONDUCT

ASSIGNMENTS # 3 and 9

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Bluebook (online)
506 So. 2d 584, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-tatum-lactapp-1987.