State v. Symonds

556 A.2d 1175, 131 N.H. 532, 1989 N.H. LEXIS 24
CourtSupreme Court of New Hampshire
DecidedApril 7, 1989
DocketNo. 87-415
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 556 A.2d 1175 (State v. Symonds) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of New Hampshire primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Symonds, 556 A.2d 1175, 131 N.H. 532, 1989 N.H. LEXIS 24 (N.H. 1989).

Opinion

Thayer, J.

This is an appeal by the State, pursuant to RSA 606:10, 11(a), of an order by the Goffstown District Court (Pingree, J.) suppressing the results of Kenneth Symonds’ breath test because the police had destroyed a second breath sample. The State asserts that the trial court erred in suppressing the results of the State’s breath test, because the police acted in conformance with the implied consent procedure by informing the defendant that he had thirty days to retrieve the second sample, and that if the sample was not retrieved in that time period it would be destroyed. For the reasons that follow, we reverse the Goffstown District Court’s suppression of Symonds’ breath test and remand.

On May 10, 1987, the defendant was arrested for driving while under the influence. He was informed of his implied consent rights, and signed a form indicating that he understood those rights. The implied consent form stated that the defendant has a right to obtain a second breath sample from the police department, and that if he did not obtain this second sample within thirty days it would be destroyed.

The defendant agreed to take, and took, a blood alcohol test which resulted in a reading of .22 percent. He was charged with aggravated driving while intoxicated, a misdemeanor, for having 20/100 percent or more by weight of alcohol in his blood, RSA 265:82-a, III (Supp. 1988), and was arraigned on June 4, 1987. A notice of appointment was sent by the district court to the New Hampshire public defender program on June 9, 1987, and was received by that office on June 11, more than thirty days after the defendant took the breath test. The next day, the public defender mailed a notice to the police requesting preservation of the second breath sample. On June 15, counsel learned that the police had already destroyed the second sample because the thirty-day time period had expired.

The defendant filed a motion to suppress the results of the breath test administered to him by the Goffstown police. In the district court the defendant argued, as he does here, that he had a constitutional due process right to the second sample, and that his right to the second sample was of paramount importance because [534]*534the test result was an element of the crime. He further argued that he was denied effective assistance of counsel because the court’s delay in appointing counsel for him resulted in the destruction of the second sample.

The district court granted the defendant’s motion to suppress the results of the State’s breath test, ruling that:

“Although it is the statutory duty of the defendant to obtain the second sample . . . , the defendant had a reasonable right to expect that after June 4, 1987, when counsel was appointed that counsel would obtain the sample. Justice requires that being denied the only viable defense, the motion be granted, and all evidence of the [breath test] be suppressed.”

We will not overturn the district court’s ruling unless it is erroneous as a matter of law. See State v. Chaisson, 125 N.H. 810, 814, 486 A.2d 297, 300 (1984).

The State first asserts error on the ground that the implied consent procedure adhered to was not fundamentally unfair because the defendant had been adequately warned that the second sample would be destroyed after thirty days. The State also contends that, because the defendant is not entitled to counsel when deciding whether to submit to the blood alcohol test, counsel was not required when deciding whether to retrieve the second sample, and therefore, the test results should not have been suppressed.

In this case we are asked to determine whether the police procedure violates due process under part I, article 15 of the State Constitution. Accordingly, we look to fundamental fairness to determine whether the defendant’s due process rights were violated. State v. Denney, 130 N.H. 217, 220, 536 A.2d 1242, 1243 (1987). Was it fundamentally unfair to destroy the second breath sample after thirty days when the defendant had not yet been appointed counsel? A fundamentally unfair adjudicatory procedure is one, for example, that gives a party a significant advantage or places a party in a position of prejudice or allows a “party to reap the benefit of his own behavior in placing his opponent at an unmerited and misleading disadvantage.” See State v. Denney, 130 N.H. at 228, 536 A.2d at 1248 (Souter, J., dissenting).

We hold that the police procedure, as applied to the defendant, is not fundamentally unfair. Both parties agree that a second sample of his breath was preserved. See State v. Cornelius, 122 N.H. 925, 452 A.2d 464 (1982). The parties further agree that the implied consent form signed by the defendant stated that the defendant was [535]*535entitled to a second sample and that he had thirty days in which to retrieve it or it would be destroyed. Because the defendant was provided adequate notice of his right to a second sample and was given notice of the thirty-day time limit in which to claim that sample for testing, there is nothing in the record which indicates that the procedure followed by the police was fundamentally unfair. The defendant, however, asks us to consider other factors or circumstances in determining whether the procedures used in this case deprived him of his due process rights under the State Constitution.

The defendant initially directs us to the fact that his legal counsel received notice of his appointment by the court after the thirty-day retrieval period had run and argues, therefore, that the fairness of the thirty-day time period was seriously undermined by the inability of defense counsel to protect his client’s rights. The defendant, however, is forced to argue this position in the face of our prior holding that a defendant is not entitled, under part I, article 15 of our State Constitution, to the assistance of counsel when making the decision to submit to a breath test. State v. Greene, 128 N.H. 317, 320, 512 A.2d 429, 432 (1986). Accordingly, if the assistance of counsel is not consitutionally required when determining whether or not to take the test, certainly it is not a “lawyer’s decision” whether the defendant should perform the ministerial act of retrieving the sample. Therefore, because the defendant is not entitled to counsel, the delay in appointing counsel cannot be a consideration in determining fundamental fairness.

The defendant next argues that because blood alcohol content is an element of the offense itself, rather than simply evidence of the offense, the State has a greater burden to preserve a second sample. Furthermore, the defendant alleges that without a second sample, the State has a monopoly on the evidence. Thus, argues the defendant, the thirty-day limit must be tested with those factors in mind.

The distinction the defendant draws between evidence which is an element of a crime and evidence of the offense itself is unavailing to our due process determination. The significance of the evidence does not alter our determination that the procedure followed by the police was not fundamentally unfair. See State v. Jenkins, 128 N.H. 672, 675, 517 A.2d 1182

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
556 A.2d 1175, 131 N.H. 532, 1989 N.H. LEXIS 24, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-symonds-nh-1989.