State v. Sylvester

438 So. 2d 1277
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedOctober 12, 1983
DocketCR83-214
StatusPublished
Cited by11 cases

This text of 438 So. 2d 1277 (State v. Sylvester) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Sylvester, 438 So. 2d 1277 (La. Ct. App. 1983).

Opinion

438 So.2d 1277 (1983)

STATE of Louisiana, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Daryl SYLVESTER, Defendant-Appellant.

No. CR83-214.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Third Circuit.

October 12, 1983.

*1279 Thomas L. Lorenzi, Nick Pizzolatto, Jr., Lake Charles, for defendant-appellant.

Leonard K. Knapp, Jr., Dist. Atty., and Charles W. Richard, Asst. Dist. Atty., Lake Charles, for plaintiff-appellee.

Before STOKER, LABORDE and KNOLL, JJ.

STOKER, Judge.

Defendant, Daryl Sylvester, was convicted of second degree murder in violation of LSA-R.S. 14:30.1 in connection with the death of his girlfriend, Katherine Barker. He was sentenced to life imprisonment at hard labor without benefit of parole, probation or suspension of sentence.

FACTS

Defendant, Daryl Sylvester, had been living with Katherine Barker, the victim, for ten or eleven months. During this time, the couple had separated six or seven times because of frequent disagreements. On the day of the incident, February 28, 1980, the defendant was living at Chennault Palms Apartments in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Ms. Barker had moved out of the apartment about two weeks earlier as a result of their most recent disagreement.

On February 28, 1980, at approximately 6:15 PM, defendant returned to the apartment with an acquaintance, Kenneth Buchannan. The two had been fishing. Defendant was armed with a 9 mm automatic pistol. He used it during the fishing trip to shoot snakes. They, together with David Buchannan, a neighbor, entered defendant's apartment and found a note Ms. Barker had left on the kitchen table advising defendant to get out of the apartment and not to do any damage or she would kill him. Ms. Barker was not present in the apartment.

The three went to a convenience store to purchase some beer and, upon returning, saw Ms. Barker's car parked in front of the apartment complex. Defendant waited for Ms. Barker at the front of the building in an apparent attempt to speak to her. As she returned to her car, the defendant approached her. He was still armed with the 9 mm pistol. Defendant approached the driver's side of the car. Ms. Barker entered her car and partially rolled down the window on the driver's side so they could talk. Defendant testified that Katherine Barker threatened to kill him, turned to the right, picked up a gun and pointed it at him. Defendant drew his pistol and fired twice through the window, fatally striking Ms. Barker. Katherine Barker got out of the passenger side of the car, collapsed and died. The defendant was held by the apartment complex security guard until taken into custody by the Sheriff's Department.

Defendant has never denied shooting Katherine Barker. His sole contention is that he was justified in killing her in self-defense. He has appealed from his conviction and sentence and has perfected three assignments of error. For the reasons assigned below, we affirm.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1

This assignment of error deals with the trial court's refusal to allow evidence of prior specific threats by the victim against the defendant. Defendant sought to testify that on a prior occasion the victim had attempted to kill him by trying to run over him with a car. The State's objection to this testimony was sustained. The defendant claims this evidence was admissible in accordance with LSA-R.S. 15:482, infra.

Evidence of the victim's dangerous character or threats against the accused supports a plea of self-defense because it is relevant to show that defendant's apprehension of danger was reasonable and to show the victim was the aggressor. State v. Edwards, 420 So.2d 663 (La.1982). The *1280 foundation for the admissibility of such evidence is found in LSA-R.S. 15:482:

"In the absence of hostile demonstration or of overt act on the part of the person slain or injured, evidence of his dangerous character or of his threats against the accused is not admissible."

The issue is whether or not defendant satisfied this foundation requirement by producing evidence that the victim had made a hostile demonstration or overt act against defendant at the time of the incident. Such a showing was a prerequisite to introducing evidence of the victim's dangerous character or of her threats against the defendant.

The term "overt act" means any act of the victim which manifests to the mind of a reasonable person a present intention to kill or do serious bodily harm to the defendant at the time the principal offense occurred. State v. Edwards, supra. The test to be met is whether there was "appreciable evidence of an overt act or hostile demonstration." State v. Lee, 331 So.2d 455 (La.1975).

In State v. Lee, supra, the Louisiana Supreme Court found that testimony from two defense eyewitnesses who saw the victim drop a knife after defendant shot him was sufficient to meet the "appreciable evidence" test. In State v. Edwards, supra, the Louisiana Supreme Court found that physical evidence which supported defendant's own testimony was sufficient to meet the "appreciable evidence" test.

In the instant case, the "overt act" or "hostile demonstration" alleged by the defendant is his claim that as he was talking with the victim, who was seated in her car, she told him that she was going to kill him, then turned and picked up a gun and pointed it at him. The sole evidence to support this version is defendant's own testimony. There were no eyewitnesses who could corroborate this, and the physical evidence conflicts with defendant's testimony as well. The defendant has failed to meet the "appreciable evidence" test. The trial court properly refused to allow defendant's testimony concerning prior specific threats by the victim against the defendant. This assignment is without merit.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2

This assignment urges that the trial judge gave the appearance of commenting unfavorably upon defense evidence in the presence of the jury. The defendant alleges that various rulings of the trial court taken together gave the appearance that something was "wrong" with the testimony of several defense witnesses, including defendant himself, that his evidence was not "good" evidence, and that the judge did not believe the jury should hear it. The defense feels this led the jury to view suspiciously his most important evidence, thus denying defendant a fair and impartial trial.

In order to prove self-defense, defense counsel sought to adduce testimony from the defendant and several defense witnesses concerning the violent and hostile nature of the victim. (See State v. Lee, supra, for the relevance of this evidence.) During defendant's testimony-in-chief, counsel attempted to elicit information concerning defendant's prior knowledge of the victim's attempts to kill her ex-husband and to kill a police officer. A hearsay objection by the State resulted in a bench conference. The question objected to was: "Did Katherine Barker ever talk to you about her ex-husband?" The jury remained in the courtroom. The objection was sustained, and defense counsel abandoned this line of questioning.

Carlton Barker, Sr., ex-husband of the victim, was the next defense witness called. Defendant tried to have Mr. Barker testify concerning the victim's past attempts to kill him. The State objected, and the court immediately ordered the jury removed. The ground for the objection was that the testimony concerned specific acts of violence not admissible as evidence of general reputation under LSA-R.S. 15:479. After an extended argument, the objection was sustained.

*1281

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Bluebook (online)
438 So. 2d 1277, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-sylvester-lactapp-1983.