State v. Swafford

524 S.E.2d 906, 206 W. Va. 390
CourtWest Virginia Supreme Court
DecidedJanuary 10, 2000
Docket25844
StatusPublished
Cited by16 cases

This text of 524 S.E.2d 906 (State v. Swafford) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering West Virginia Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Swafford, 524 S.E.2d 906, 206 W. Va. 390 (W. Va. 2000).

Opinions

PER CURIAM:

This ease is before this Court upon appeal of a final order of the Circuit Court of Fayette County entered on May 28, 1998. Pursuant to that order, the appellant and defendant below, Walter Lee Swafford, II (hereinafter “defendant”), was sentenced to life imprisonment without mercy upon a jury verdict of guilty of first-degree murder. The defendant was also found guilty of conspiracy to commit a felony for which he received a one-to-five-year sentence. In this appeal, the defendant contends that the prosecutor’s comments during closing arguments alluding to his failure to testify constitute reversible error. He also asserts that his trial was barred by the doctrine of double jeopardy. Finally, the defendant claims that the circuit court erred by refusing to strike a juror for cause when it was revealed that the juror worked for the attorney who was initially appointed to represent the defendant but withdrew because of a conflict of interest. This Court has before it the petition for appeal, the entire record, and the briefs and argument of counsel. For the reasons set forth below, the defendant’s convictions are reversed.

I.

On June 7, 1997, the defendant and his friend, Mark Yoney, ran into Margaret Tal-ouzi, Tara Williams, and H.J., a juvenile,1 at [393]*393a Pit Row convenience store in Oak Hill, West Virginia. The girls told the defendant and Yoney that they had met a man named Joseph Hundley the night before, and he had invited them to come to his house that evening to “strip dance” in exchange for money. The girls said they planned to go to Hund-ley’s house and trick him out of his money. Yoney expressed an interest in the plan so the girls went back to his apartment with him and the defendant. At the apartment, Yoney and the defendant decided to accompany the girls to Hundley’s house. The five agreed -that if, the girls were unable to trick Hundley out of his money, the guys would help them take the money by force. Yoney suggested that they take a gun, but the girls and the defendant were against the idea.

Upon arrival, the girls went into Hundley’s house while the two men stayed in the car. Hundley showed the girls that he had the money to pay them for dancing. Shortly thereafter, the defendant and Yoney entered the house. Yoney pointed a gun at Hund-ley’s head and demanded the money. Hund-ley refused to give it to them and a struggle ensued. The girls rushed out to the car. After they heard a gun shot fired in the house, the girls saw Hundley run outside. According to Talouzi and H.J., they saw the defendant come out of the house behind Hundley and raise his arm. At that point, they heard another gunshot. Hundley ran toward his neighbor’s house and the defendant and the others fled the scene. The next day, Hundley was found dead in his neighbor’s yard. An autopsy showed that he died of a bullet wound that had punctured his lung.

The defendant was indicted in September 1997 and charged with first-degree murder, attempted aggravated robbery, and conspiracy to commit a felony. Trial commenced on January 5,1998, but ended in a mistrial upon motion by the State once it was learned that one of the jurors was related to the defendant. A second trial began on January 20, 1998. After hearing all of the evidence, the jury found the defendant guilty of first-degree -murder without a recommendation of mercy and conspiracy to commit a felony. He was sentenced to life imprisonment for the offense of first-degree murder and one-to-five-years imprisonment for the offense of conspiracy to commit a felony. This appeal followed.

H.

As his first assignment of error, the defendant contends that the prosecutor improperly alluded to the fact that he did not testify at trial. The prosecutor commented as follows during closing argument:

But for Walter Swafford and Mark Yo-ney, Joseph Hundley would be alive today. You didn’t hear from Joseph Hundley from that witness stand. That’s why the testimony of those girls was important.
Where would the State have been in this case if those girls had a good lawyer like Mike Gallaher [defense counsel] and they had said, “We ain’t telling you nothing. We don’t’ — ‘We got our constitutional rights. We ain’t telling you nothing.’ Where would we be? Where would we be? All five of them would be walking the street, wouldn’t they?

The defendant’s trial counsel objected to these comments and moved for a mistrial, but the trial court overruled the objection and denied the motion.

W.Va.Code § 57-3-6 (1923) provides that a criminal defendant’s decision to invoke his right to not testify as guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article III, Section 5 of the West Virginia Constitution “shall create no 'presumption against him, nor be the subject of any comment before the court or jury by anyone.” In this regard, we have stated that:

The .general rule formulated for ascertaining -whether a prosecutor’s comment is an impermissible reference, direct or oblique, [394]*394to the silence of the accused is whether the language used was manifestly intended to be, or was of such character that the jury would naturally and necessarily take it to be a reminder that the defendant did not testify. United States v. Harbin, 601 F.2d 773 (5th Cir.1979); United States v. Muscarella, 585 F.2d 242 (7th Cir.1978); United States v. Anderson, 481 F.2d 685, 701 (4th Cir.1973), aff'd, 417 U.S. 211, 94 S.Ct. 2253, 41 L.Ed.2d 20 (1974); United States ex rel. Leak v. Follette, 418 F.2d 1266 (2nd Cir.1969), cert. denied, 397 U.S. 1050, 90 S.Ct. 1388, 25 L.Ed.2d 665 (1970); Hayes [Hays ] v. Oklahoma, 617 P.2d 223 (Okl.Cr.App.1980).

State v. Clark, 170 W.Va. 224, 227, 292 S.E.2d 643, 646-47 (1982). In addition, this Court has held that: “Remarks made by the State’s attorney in closing argument which make specific reference to the defendant’s failure to testify, constitute reversible error and defendant is entitled to a new trial.” Syllabus Point 5, State v. Green, 163 W.Va. 681, 260 S.E.2d 257 (1979).

In Green, the defendant was convicted of second-degree sexual assault of a twenty-six-year-old woman. On appeal, the defendant argued that the prosecutor made highly inflammatory remarks during his closing argument that amounted to comments on his failure to testify. Specifically, the prosecutor stated,

‘None of those facts are in dispute. No one said those things didn’t take place.... ’ Tou know, there is one thing I know which has been hidden in this case.... If Fred Muth [defense counsel] can think of one reason, one lousy little reason at all why this girl would turn a finger at his client sitting over there, other than the fact that he committed this crime, he would tell you what it was.... There is a motive, you know what it is, I know what it is, everybody knows what it is. It is because he did it.

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Bluebook (online)
524 S.E.2d 906, 206 W. Va. 390, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-swafford-wva-2000.