An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance with the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA
No. COA25-700
Filed 18 March 2026
Wake County, Nos. 22CR264958-910, 22CR264961-910,22CR002678-910
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
v.
MARK ANTHONY STANFORD, Defendant.
Appeal by Defendant from order entered 18 September 2024 by Judge Rebecca
W. Holt in Wake County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 27 January
2026.
Tin Fulton Walker & Owen, PLLC, by Attorney Vernetta Alston, for defendant- appellant.
Attorney General Jeff Jackson, by Special Deputy Attorney General T. Hill Davis, III, for the state.
STADING, Judge.
Mark Anthony Stanford (“Defendant”) appeals from an order sentencing him
in the presumptive range to a term of 105 to 138 months’ imprisonment. Specifically,
Defendant maintains the trial court erred in his sentencing on the grounds that it
impermissibly used his convictions for habitual felon status to elevate his prior record
level. After careful review, we hold the trial court did not err. STATE V. STANFORD
Opinion of the Court
I. Background
Evidence tends to show that on 10 August 2022, law enforcement officers with
the Raleigh Police Department encountered Defendant during a routine patrol at an
apartment complex in Raleigh. Officer Alonso noticed a vehicle with one occupant
and Defendant leaning on the outside of the vehicle. Officer Alonso observed
Defendant “discarding something that’s in his hand, which is consistent . . . with a
hand-to-hand drug transaction.” Officer Alonso and Officer Bachman approached the
vehicle.
As they approached the vehicle, Officer Alonso noticed the vehicle’s occupant
“frantically trying to hide something on the floorboard” while Defendant walked
away. Officer Bachman remained with the vehicle’s occupant. Officer Alonso gave
commands for Defendant to stop, but he continued to flee while “reaching towards his
waistband,” drawing a firearm, and rounding a corner of the apartment complex.
Officer Alonso drew his firearm in response and proceeded after Defendant. While
still refusing Officer Alonso’s commands to stop, Defendant “made that last right turn
out of [his] view” and subsequently he heard “a metal object hitting concrete.” Officer
Bachman flanked Defendant and apprehended him on the other side of the apartment
complex in a parking lot. After Defendant was secured, the officers located the
firearm in the location Officer Alonso heard it discarded.
On 22 September 2022 the Wake County Grand Jury returned a true bill of
indictment charging Defendant for possession of a firearm by felon, carrying
-2- STATE V. STANFORD
concealed weapon, and resisting a public officer. On 10 January 2023 the Wake
County Grand Jury returned a true bill of indictment charging Defendant with
attaining habitual felon status. Defendant’s trial commenced on 18 September 2024,
and the jury found him guilty of all charges. Defendant pleaded guilty to having
attained habitual felon status. At sentencing, accounting for Defendant’s habitual
felon status, the trial court found Defendant was a prior record level (“PRL”) IV for
felony sentencing. The trial court accordingly sentenced Defendant to an active term
of 105 to 138 months’ imprisonment. Defendant appealed.
II. Analysis
On appeal, Defendant argues the trial court erred in the calculation of his PRL.
For the reasons below, we disagree.
“The determination of an offender’s prior record level is a conclusion of law that
is subject to de novo review on appeal.” State v. Bohler, 198 N.C. App. 631, 633, 681
S.E.2d 801, 804 (2009) (citation omitted). “It is not necessary that an objection be
lodged at the sentencing hearing in order for a claim that the record evidence does
not support the trial court’s determination of a defendant’s prior record level to be
preserved for appellate review.” Id. (citation omitted). “Before sentencing a criminal
defendant, the trial court must first determine the defendant’s prior record level.”
State v. Weldon, 258 N.C. App. 150, 160, 811 S.E.2d 683, 691 (2018) (citing N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 15A-1340.13(b) (2016)). “The prior record level of a felony offender is
-3- STATE V. STANFORD
determined by calculating the sum of the points assigned to each of the offender’s
prior convictions[.]” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(a) (2025).
Under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14, in relevant part, points are assigned as
follows:
...
(3) For each prior felony Class E, F, or G conviction, 4 points.
(4) For each prior felony Class H or I conviction, 2 points.
(5) For each prior misdemeanor conviction as defined in this subsection, 1 point. For purposes of this subsection, misdemeanor is defined as any Class A1 and Class 1 nontraffic misdemeanor offense, impaired driving (G.S. 20-138.1), impaired driving in a commercial vehicle (G.S. 20-138.2), and misdemeanor death by vehicle (G.S. 20-141.4(a2)), but not any other misdemeanor traffic offense under Chapter 20 of the General Statutes.
(6) If all the elements of the present offense are included in any prior offense for which the offender was convicted, whether or not the prior offense or offenses were used in determining prior record level, 1 point.
Also, “[u]nder the provisions of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(f) a prior conviction
may be established by stipulation. The existence of the conviction is an issue of fact.
Defendant is bound on appeal by any stipulation as to the existence of a conviction.”
State v. Fair, 205 N.C. App. 315, 318, 685 S.E.2d 514, 516 (2010) (cleaned up).
-4- STATE V. STANFORD
The felony convictions underlying Defendant’s habitual felon indictment were:
(1) attempted common law robbery, conviction date of 16 June 2005; (2) felony
possession of marijuana, conviction date of 17 March 2015; (3) and possession of a
stolen firearm, conviction date of 26 June 2019. Defendant posits the trial court
impermissibly counted those three felonies when calculating his PRL, and therefore,
his PRL should be nine points rather than thirteen. Defendant thus argues his PRL
was III, not IV. While Defendant is correct that under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-7.6 (2025),
double counting prior convictions violates the protections against double jeopardy, a
careful review of the record shows the trial court’s calculations were correct.
Although Defendant’s stipulated prior record level worksheet in the record
contains illegible portions and omissions as indicated below by question marks, the
record shows the following calculation is appropriate:
Conviction Offense Points Offense Case No. Date Class Points Allowed Possession Stolen Goods 04CR21488 15-Apr-04 Misd 1 1 1 Possession Drug Paraphernalia 04CR57621 1-Oct-04 Misd 1 1 1 Resist Public Officer 04CR61563 20-May-04 Misd 2 0 0 Att.
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An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance with the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA
No. COA25-700
Filed 18 March 2026
Wake County, Nos. 22CR264958-910, 22CR264961-910,22CR002678-910
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
v.
MARK ANTHONY STANFORD, Defendant.
Appeal by Defendant from order entered 18 September 2024 by Judge Rebecca
W. Holt in Wake County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 27 January
2026.
Tin Fulton Walker & Owen, PLLC, by Attorney Vernetta Alston, for defendant- appellant.
Attorney General Jeff Jackson, by Special Deputy Attorney General T. Hill Davis, III, for the state.
STADING, Judge.
Mark Anthony Stanford (“Defendant”) appeals from an order sentencing him
in the presumptive range to a term of 105 to 138 months’ imprisonment. Specifically,
Defendant maintains the trial court erred in his sentencing on the grounds that it
impermissibly used his convictions for habitual felon status to elevate his prior record
level. After careful review, we hold the trial court did not err. STATE V. STANFORD
Opinion of the Court
I. Background
Evidence tends to show that on 10 August 2022, law enforcement officers with
the Raleigh Police Department encountered Defendant during a routine patrol at an
apartment complex in Raleigh. Officer Alonso noticed a vehicle with one occupant
and Defendant leaning on the outside of the vehicle. Officer Alonso observed
Defendant “discarding something that’s in his hand, which is consistent . . . with a
hand-to-hand drug transaction.” Officer Alonso and Officer Bachman approached the
vehicle.
As they approached the vehicle, Officer Alonso noticed the vehicle’s occupant
“frantically trying to hide something on the floorboard” while Defendant walked
away. Officer Bachman remained with the vehicle’s occupant. Officer Alonso gave
commands for Defendant to stop, but he continued to flee while “reaching towards his
waistband,” drawing a firearm, and rounding a corner of the apartment complex.
Officer Alonso drew his firearm in response and proceeded after Defendant. While
still refusing Officer Alonso’s commands to stop, Defendant “made that last right turn
out of [his] view” and subsequently he heard “a metal object hitting concrete.” Officer
Bachman flanked Defendant and apprehended him on the other side of the apartment
complex in a parking lot. After Defendant was secured, the officers located the
firearm in the location Officer Alonso heard it discarded.
On 22 September 2022 the Wake County Grand Jury returned a true bill of
indictment charging Defendant for possession of a firearm by felon, carrying
-2- STATE V. STANFORD
concealed weapon, and resisting a public officer. On 10 January 2023 the Wake
County Grand Jury returned a true bill of indictment charging Defendant with
attaining habitual felon status. Defendant’s trial commenced on 18 September 2024,
and the jury found him guilty of all charges. Defendant pleaded guilty to having
attained habitual felon status. At sentencing, accounting for Defendant’s habitual
felon status, the trial court found Defendant was a prior record level (“PRL”) IV for
felony sentencing. The trial court accordingly sentenced Defendant to an active term
of 105 to 138 months’ imprisonment. Defendant appealed.
II. Analysis
On appeal, Defendant argues the trial court erred in the calculation of his PRL.
For the reasons below, we disagree.
“The determination of an offender’s prior record level is a conclusion of law that
is subject to de novo review on appeal.” State v. Bohler, 198 N.C. App. 631, 633, 681
S.E.2d 801, 804 (2009) (citation omitted). “It is not necessary that an objection be
lodged at the sentencing hearing in order for a claim that the record evidence does
not support the trial court’s determination of a defendant’s prior record level to be
preserved for appellate review.” Id. (citation omitted). “Before sentencing a criminal
defendant, the trial court must first determine the defendant’s prior record level.”
State v. Weldon, 258 N.C. App. 150, 160, 811 S.E.2d 683, 691 (2018) (citing N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 15A-1340.13(b) (2016)). “The prior record level of a felony offender is
-3- STATE V. STANFORD
determined by calculating the sum of the points assigned to each of the offender’s
prior convictions[.]” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(a) (2025).
Under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14, in relevant part, points are assigned as
follows:
...
(3) For each prior felony Class E, F, or G conviction, 4 points.
(4) For each prior felony Class H or I conviction, 2 points.
(5) For each prior misdemeanor conviction as defined in this subsection, 1 point. For purposes of this subsection, misdemeanor is defined as any Class A1 and Class 1 nontraffic misdemeanor offense, impaired driving (G.S. 20-138.1), impaired driving in a commercial vehicle (G.S. 20-138.2), and misdemeanor death by vehicle (G.S. 20-141.4(a2)), but not any other misdemeanor traffic offense under Chapter 20 of the General Statutes.
(6) If all the elements of the present offense are included in any prior offense for which the offender was convicted, whether or not the prior offense or offenses were used in determining prior record level, 1 point.
Also, “[u]nder the provisions of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(f) a prior conviction
may be established by stipulation. The existence of the conviction is an issue of fact.
Defendant is bound on appeal by any stipulation as to the existence of a conviction.”
State v. Fair, 205 N.C. App. 315, 318, 685 S.E.2d 514, 516 (2010) (cleaned up).
-4- STATE V. STANFORD
The felony convictions underlying Defendant’s habitual felon indictment were:
(1) attempted common law robbery, conviction date of 16 June 2005; (2) felony
possession of marijuana, conviction date of 17 March 2015; (3) and possession of a
stolen firearm, conviction date of 26 June 2019. Defendant posits the trial court
impermissibly counted those three felonies when calculating his PRL, and therefore,
his PRL should be nine points rather than thirteen. Defendant thus argues his PRL
was III, not IV. While Defendant is correct that under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-7.6 (2025),
double counting prior convictions violates the protections against double jeopardy, a
careful review of the record shows the trial court’s calculations were correct.
Although Defendant’s stipulated prior record level worksheet in the record
contains illegible portions and omissions as indicated below by question marks, the
record shows the following calculation is appropriate:
Conviction Offense Points Offense Case No. Date Class Points Allowed Possession Stolen Goods 04CR21488 15-Apr-04 Misd 1 1 1 Possession Drug Paraphernalia 04CR57621 1-Oct-04 Misd 1 1 1 Resist Public Officer 04CR61563 20-May-04 Misd 2 0 0 Att. Common Law Robbery 05CRS? 16-Jun-05 Fel H 2 0 ? ? ? ? - - PDP 07CR35698 12-Jun-07 Misd 1 1 1 AOF 09CR35698 12-Mar-10 Misd 1 1 1 Resist Public Officer ? ? Misd 2 0 0 Driving While Impaired 11CR224143 18-Jul-12 Misd 1 1 1 Resist Public Officer 13CR222690 7-Nov-17 Misd 2 0 0 Possession of Marijuana (F) 15CRS206223 15-May-15 Fel I 2 0 Resist Public Officer 17CR216321 7-Nov-17 Misd 2 0 0
-5- STATE V. STANFORD
Possession Firearm by Felon 18CRS514311 26-Jun-19 Fel G 4 4 Possession Stolen Firearm 18CRS214313 26-Jun-19 Fel H 2 0 Alter Serial Number Firearm ? ? Fel H 2 - Communicating Threats 19CR200056 15-Nov-21 Misd 1 1 1 Affray 04CR53895 20-Dec-04 Misd 2 0 0 Resist Public Officer 05CR33560 2-Jun-05 Misd 2 0 0 Interfere Emeregency Comm. 07CR17670 2-Apr-07 Misd 1 1 1 Injury to Personal Property ? ? Misd 1 - - Assault on Female 17CR214608 7-Nov-17 Misd 1 1 1 Point for Same Elements 1 1 TOTAL 21 13
Defendant relies on State v. Lee, 150 N.C. App. 701, 564 S.E.2d 592 (2002) in
support of his position. In Lee, the defendant was improperly sentenced as a PRL III
when his PRL should have been II after adjusting for the felonies used to support his
status as an habitual felon. Id. at 704, 564 S.E.2d at 598–99. This Court reasoned
that although N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-7.1 only requires three prior felony convictions to
support the status of habitual felon, the defendant’s habitual felon indictment listed
five felonies and thus, “the State was precluded from using the same five convictions
to increase” the defendant’s PRL. Id. at 703–04, 564 S.E.2d at 598. In reversing and
remanding the defendant’s sentence, this Court ordered none of those five felonies
used to support habitual felon status may also be used to increase the defendant’s
PRL. Id. at 704, 564 S.E.2d at 599. Unlike Lee, our de novo review reveals none of
the felonies used in Defendant’s habitual status indictment entered his PRL calculus.
-6- STATE V. STANFORD
As discussed and illustrated above, Defendant’s habitual felon indictment
listed three felonies to support his status: attempted common law robbery, possession
of a controlled substance, and possession of a stolen firearm. These felonies are worth
six points. Defendant’s stipulated prior conviction worksheet, before accounting for
the felonies in the habitual felon indictment, contained eight misdemeanors, each
worth one point, and four felonies between class G and I worth ten points. Defendant
does not contest the inclusion of his prior misdemeanor convictions in his PRL and
those convictions were not used to support his status as an habitual felon. The
remaining convictions, the four felonies, were properly allocated.
The record shows Defendant has a class G felony conviction from June 2019
which was not included in the habitual felon indictment. Notably, and different from
Lee, Defendant was convicted of two felonies in the same calendar week in June
2019—possession of a firearm by a felon, the class G felony, and possession of a stolen
firearm, a class H felony. The class H felony supported Defendant’s habitual felon
indictment and the class G felony supported Defendant’s PRL, an allocation not
contrary to the mandate of N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 14-7.6 and 15A-1340.14(d). State v.
Truesdale, 123 N.C. App. 639, 642, 473 S.E.2d 670, 672 (1996) (“[W]e find nothing in
these statutes to prohibit the court from using one conviction obtained in a single
calendar week to establish habitual felon status and using another separate
conviction obtained the same week to determine prior record level.”). Since these
-7- STATE V. STANFORD
felonies were properly aggregated, we find no error in the trial court’s sentencing
Defendant a PRL IV.
III. Conclusion
For the above reasons, we find no error in the trial court’s sentencing of
Defendant.
NO ERROR.
Judges STROUD and FREEMAN concur.
Report per Rule 30(e).
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