State v. Spain

384 So. 2d 380, 1980 La. LEXIS 7535
Supreme Court of Louisiana·Decided May 19, 1980·No. No. 66207·Published·Cited by 1 cases

Opinion

BLANCHE, Justice.*

Petitioner, Willie Spain, sought a writ of habeas corpus in the 19th Judicial District Court, the purpose of which was to obtain a judgment ordering the Louisiana Parole Board to remove a detainer which it held against him as a parole violator. The trial judge granted the writ in favor of Spain and we granted the state’s application for a writ of certiorari in order to review the correctness of that decision.

Willie Spain was convicted of attempted simple burglary in 1975 and was sentenced on April 11, 1975 to serve four years in the custody of the Louisiana Department of Corrections. He was paroled on August 11, 1976. By the terms of the parole, Spain was to “remain within the limits of Baton Rouge, Louisiana until April 4, 1979; or until other action may be taken by this Board of Parole.” The parole was also contingent upon a number of other conditions specified in the Certificate of Parole.

On July 20, 1978 Spain was arrested and charged with two counts of distribution of phencyclidine, the offenses being alleged to have occurred on September 11, 1977 and October 11, 1977. The sales are alleged to have been made to a narcotics officer in Baton Rouge.1 On July 24, 1978, four days subsequent to this arrest, the Department of Corrections placed a detainer on Spain, requested a warrant from the Parole Board to confirm the detainer, and tentatively scheduled a preliminary hearing to consider the question of revocation of Spain’s parole. Notice of the hearing was sent to Spain on July 25,1978.2 Spain indicated on the form that he wanted a hearing. The preliminary (pre-revocation) hearing was then duly held on August 9,1978. At its conclusion, Spain signed a request which stated:

“If the Parole Board votes to have me returned to the institution for a revocation hearing, I request that such hearing be deferred until disposition of the open charges against me. I understand that I will be held without bond until my revocation hearing.”

Two persons, the hearing examiner (agent) and the parole officer in charge of Spain’s case, signed as witnesses to Spain’s signa[382] ture. Spain does not dispute that he signed the request.

The finding by the hearing agent, made in his subsequent report to the Parole Board, was that “probable cause is established that [Spain] violated conditions of his parole as alleged.” The report is dated September 1, 1978. This report with the agent’s recommendation that parole be revoked and the request which Spain signed were sent to the Parole Board at the same time.

On September 14, 1978, the Parole Board issued a warrant for Spain as a parole violator and sent him the following letter:

Dear Mr. Spain:
After reviewing the report of violation and a summary of the preliminary revocation hearing held in your case, the Parole Board has voted to return you for a revocation hearing.
However, at your request, the Parole Board will not order your return for a revocation hearing until the disposition of the charges against you. If you are convicted on new felony charges your parole will be automatically revoked by law without a hearing by the Parole Board. You may request to be returned for a revocation hearing at any time [sic] by writing Mrs. Sybil Fullerton, Chairman of the Parole Board, at the above address. You will be held in jail on our warrant. If you are not convicted, but if your parole is revoked for other reasons, you will be given credit for time served in jail on our warrant.
If you are convicted, your time in jail will be credited to your new sentence, and you will not be given jail time credit on your paroled sentence.
Probable cause has been found that you have violated the following conditions of your parole:
[The letter then specifies the charges pending against Spain.]
Sincerely,
Sybil Fullerton, Chairman
Board of Parole

Spain was held in the East Baton Rouge Parish jail, without bond, on the two distribution charges because he was ineligible for bond while the detainer was in effect. R.S. 15:574.4(I)(1). Spain has remained in the jail awaiting disposition of the drug charges since that time. He never requested that the Parole Board return him to Louisiana State Penitentiary for the revocation proceedings.

In October, 1979, Spain filed the Application for Writ of Habeas Corpus with which we are here concerned. In that application and the proceedings which followed, Spain alleged and argued that he was being held illegally because, by its own terms, his parole period would have terminated on April 11, 1979 (R.S. 15:574.6)3; therefore, he should be bondable on the pending charges of distribution of a controlled dangerous substance, and the court should order that his parole had terminated without either a revocation having taken place, or any revocation proceedings having been initiated properly so as to permit further action to revoke and return him to prison to serve out his first (and at this point only) sentence.

Following a hearing in the 19th Judicial District Court, the judge made this ruling:

“No authority has been cited or found which authorizes a parolee to consent to an extension of his parole term. If such authority is inherent, it would be limited to a reasonable amount of time. Cf. State ex rel. Williams v. Henderson, 289 So.2d 74 (La.1974); State v. Bell, 324 So.2d 451 (1975). Such a request executed conditionally and without assistance of counsel cannot reasonably be considered an effective consent to an UNLIMITED and UNCERTAIN extension [383] of the parole term when such has an immediate and in this case continuing impact upon liberty.
“The analogous situation in probation revocation proceedings is persuasive. See State v. Martens, 338 So.2d 95 (La.1976) and compare the analogous provision of La.R.S. 15:575.6 with C.Cr.P. art. 898 and La.R.S. 15:574.9(C) with C.Cr.P. art. 899.
“Even when a probation proceeding is INITIATED within the probationary period a hearing must be provoked within a ‘reasonable time’ following the initiation. See State v. Martens, supra and State v. Jones, 285 So.2d 231 (La.1973). Parole, of course, is less judicially supervised; this does not commend a lesser standard than probation.
“Without statutory authorization, this court cannot conclude that the uncoun-seled ‘request’ for an indefinite delay authorizes the parole board to extend the parole term. This is especially so in light of the significant present and potential impact on liberty and the absence of direct judicial supervision. Creation of consensual extended parole terms more properly addresses itself to the prerogative of the legislature.
“That petitioner did not request a hearing appears no longer relevant since the parole term has expired and a revocation hearing was not initiated within a reasonable time of the expiration.

ORDER

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State v. Spain, 384 So. 2d 380, 1980 La. LEXIS 7535 (La. 1980).

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