[Cite as State v. Snowden, 2022-Ohio-4119.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 29355 : v. : Trial Court Case No. 2016-CR-1809 : DEONTE DWAYNE SNOWDEN : (Criminal Appeal from : Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant : :
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OPINION
Rendered on the 18th day of November, 2022.
MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by ELIZABETH A. ELLIS, Atty. Reg. No. 0074332, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, Montgomery County Courts Building, 301 West Third Street, Dayton, Ohio 45422 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
DEONTE DWAYNE SNOWDEN, Inmate No. 746-838, Allen-Oakwood Correctional Institution, P.O. Box 4501, Lima, Ohio 45802 Defendant-Appellant, Pro Se
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WELBAUM, J. -2-
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Deonte Dwayne Snowden, appeals pro se from a
judgment of the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas overruling his petition for
postconviction relief and motion for leave to file a motion for new trial. For the reasons
outlined below, the judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.
Facts and Course of Proceedings
{¶ 2} On July 14, 2016, a Montgomery County grand jury returned an indictment
charging Snowden with two counts of felony murder, two counts of felonious assault, one
count of having weapons while under disability, and four attendant firearm specifications.
The charges stemmed from allegations that on June 6, 2016, Snowden engaged in a
physical altercation with William Sarver during which Snowden pulled out a handgun and
fatally shot Sarver in the abdomen. It was alleged that the altercation began while Sarver
was outside talking to Snowden’s aunt by marriage, Theodora Watson. Watson and her
three grandsons, D.O. (then 16 years old), D.E. (then 13 years old), and D.S. (then 10
years old), witnessed the altercation while they were in a vehicle parked in Watson’s
driveway.
{¶ 3} Snowden pled not guilty to all the indicted charges and waived his right to a
jury trial on the charge for having weapons while under disability. The charges for felony
murder and felonious assault and their attendant firearm specifications were then tried to
a jury in November 2017. The jury could not reach a verdict, and the trial court declared
a mistrial. -3-
{¶ 4} Following the mistrial, it was discovered that in late November 2017,
Snowden had called D.E. from jail and offered him $2,500 to give testimony at trial that
favored Snowden’s case. It was also discovered that on November 30, 2017, Snowden
had called and asked Watson to change her story regarding the events surrounding
Sarver’s shooting. After this conduct was discovered, Snowden was additionally
charged with one count of bribery in a “B Indictment.”
{¶ 5} On July 9 through 11, 2018, Snowden was tried by a jury a second time on
the felony murder and felonious assault charges and their firearm specifications. The
new bribery charge in the “B indictment” was also tried at that time. Following trial, the
jury found Snowden guilty of all the offenses and specifications. The trial court thereafter
held a bench trial and found Snowden guilty of having weapons while under disability as
well.
{¶ 6} At sentencing, the trial court merged all the felony murder and felonious
assault charges and the firearm specifications. Following the merger, the State elected
to have Snowden sentenced for felony murder, which carried a mandatory sentence of
15 years to life in prison and a consecutive three-year prison term for the attendant firearm
specification. The trial court also sentenced Snowden to three years in prison for having
weapons while under disability and ordered that sentence to be served concurrently to
the sentence for felony murder. Lastly, the trial court sentenced Snowden to three years
in prison for bribery and ordered that sentence to be served consecutively to the sentence
for felony murder. Therefore, Snowden received an aggregate term of 21 years to life in
prison. -4-
{¶ 7} Snowden appealed from his convictions and raised nine assignments of error
for review. The assignments of error concerned: (1) the trial court’s failure to suppress
cell phone pinging evidence; (2) the trial court’s failure to sever the bribery count from the
trial of the other offenses; (3) the trial court’s evidentiary rulings on certain parts of
Watson’s trial testimony and the admission of Snowden’s jail telephone call to D.E.; (4)
whether the jury’s verdict was against the manifest weight of the evidence; (5) the trial
court’s imposition of consecutive sentences; (6) Snowden’s present and future ability to
pay the financial sanctions imposed at sentencing; (7) whether Snowden received
ineffective assistance of counsel; (8) whether the State committed prosecutorial
misconduct; and (9) whether the doctrine of cumulative error necessitated the reversal of
Snowden’s conviction.
{¶ 8} Upon review, this court overruled all of Snowden’s assignments of error,
except for the one pertaining to the imposition of consecutive sentences. Specifically,
we found that the trial court did not make all the required consecutive-sentence findings
set forth in R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). As a result, we remanded the matter to the trial court for
the sole purpose of resentencing Snowden. In all other respects, Snowden’s judgment
of conviction was affirmed. State v. Snowden, 2019-Ohio-3006, 140 N.E.3d 1112 (2d
Dist.) (“Snowden I”).
{¶ 9} On remand, the trial court held a resentencing hearing and reimposed the
same aggregate sentence of 21 years to life in prison while making the required
consecutive-sentence findings. Snowden appealed from the trial court’s resentencing
judgment, which this court affirmed. State v. Snowden, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28608, -5-
2020-Ohio-5412 (“Snowden II”).
{¶ 10} While the appeal in Snowden II was pending, on April 14, 2020, Snowden
filed a pro se petition for postconviction relief and a motion for leave to file a motion for
new trial.1 In the petition and motion, Snowden claimed that he had newly discovered
evidence demonstrating that Watson, D.E., and D.S.2 had lied at his trial and that their
testimony had been “coached” by the State. Specifically, Snowden claimed that the
newly discovered evidence established that Watson, D.E., and D.S. had falsely testified
to seeing him shoot Sarver on the night in question and to D.W.’s being absent during the
shooting. (D.W. was Watson’s son and the father of D.O., D.E., and D.S.) Snowden also
claimed that the newly discovered evidence demonstrated that his trial counsel
suppressed evidence provided by a private investigator that established that D.W. and
the police coerced D.O., D.E., and D.S. to falsely identify him as the shooter.
{¶ 11} Snowden argued that the false testimony and suppression of evidence had
denied him his constitutional rights to compulsory process and effective assistance of
counsel. Snowden also claimed that the suppressed evidence was exculpatory and
constituted a Brady violation that denied him his constitutional right to due process.
1 Snowden’s petition for postconviction relief and motion for leave to file a motion for new trial were filed separately, but the petition relies on exhibits that were attached only to the motion for leave and the motion for leave relies on arguments that were raised only in the petition. Although Snowden filed the petition and motion for leave separately, we find that, in the interest of justice and for ease of discussion, it is appropriate to treat them as a combined filing since they were filed on the same day and were based on the same supporting exhibits and arguments. We also reach this conclusion because Snowden stated in the motion for leave that it was “to be read and adjudicated in conjunction with his Petition for [Postconviction] Relief.” 2 The third grandson, D.O., did not testify at Snowden’s second jury trial. -6-
Snowden further argued that he had been denied his right to compulsory process
because the trial court had failed to admit evidence of a letter written by D.O. on October
30, 2017, wherein D.O. recanted his original statement to police identifying Snowden as
the shooter.
{¶ 12} Snowden attached D.O.’s letter and the other “newly discovered evidence”
to his petition and motion for leave. The evidence consisted of information contained in
affidavits executed by Adale Wilkins, Dayana Snowden, and Ciara Watson. It also
included two letters written by private investigator Wayne Miller. 3 The following is a
description of the information provided in those documents.
D.O.’s Recantation Letter (Motion for Leave, Exhibit H)
{¶ 13} Prior to Snowden’s first trial, D.O. allegedly submitted a handwritten letter
to the trial court that was dated October 30, 2017. In the letter, D.O. stated that he had
not seen who had a gun or who shot Sarver on the night in question because he was
playing on his cell phone and not paying attention. D.O. also stated that his father “has
something against [Snowden]” and forced him to lie and say that he saw Snowden with a
gun. D.O. also stated that the prosecutors threatened to take him to jail when he tried to
3 In his petition and appellate brief, Snowden refers to Miller’s letters as “investigative reports.” One of the letters, dated September 24, 2017, was not attached to Snowden’s petition or his motion for leave to file a motion for new trial. Instead, Snowden attached the letter to a “Motion for Recusal Relief,” which he filed the same day he filed his petition and motion for leave. In the “Motion for Recusal Relief,” Snowden stated that the motion was “to be read and adjudicated in conjunction with [his] Petition for Postconviction relief and Motion for New Trial[.]” In the interest of justice, and for ease of discussion, we will proceed as though the September 24, 2017 letter was attached to Snowden’s petition and motion for leave. -7-
tell the truth.
Affidavits of Adale Wilkins and Dayana Snowden (Motion for Leave, Exhibits D and E)
{¶ 14} On January 16, 2020, Adale Wilkins and Dayana Snowden executed
affidavits averring that in October 2017, they had accompanied D.E., D.S., and the boys’
mother, L.R., to a meeting with their attorney. Wilkins and Dayana4 averred that while
waiting for the meeting, they overheard D.E. and D.S. say that they did not know who had
shot Sarver and that they had never seen Snowden possess or discharge a firearm on
the night in question. Wilkins and Dayana also averred that D.E. and D.S. had indicated
that they had been coerced to falsely accuse Snowden of shooting Sarver and that they
were afraid to name the person who had coerced them. They further averred that they
had been present when D.E., D.S., and L.R. received a speakerphone call from the boys’
father, D.W. Wilkins and Dayana both averred that D.W. had angrily shouted at D.E. and
D.S. and had told them that they had better say what they had been told to say.
{¶ 15} Wilkins additionally averred that she had relayed all the foregoing
information to Snowden’s attorney and had advised him that she was willing to testify in
court about what she had heard. Dayana additionally averred that she had “personal,
firsthand knowledge” of D.O.’s submission of his recantation letter to the trial court judge.
Both Wilkins and Dayana also averred that they had listened to the audio recording of the
9-1-1 call made on the night of the shooting and that, in contrast to what the State’s
4We refer to Dayana Snowden by her first name, to avoid confusion with the Defendant- Appellant. Similarly, we will refer to Ciara Watson as Ciara to avoid confusion with Theodora Watson. -8-
witnesses testified to at trial, D.W.’s voice could be heard in the background of the call.
Affidavit of Ciara Watson (Motion for Leave - Exhibit F)
{¶ 16} On December 13, 2019, Ciara Watson executed an affidavit averring that
she had been an eyewitness to the physical altercation between Snowden and Sarver.5
Ciara averred that there had been a small crowd of 10 to 15 people hanging around when
the altercation started and that any one of those individuals could have been the shooter.
Ciara stated that she was “100% positive” that Snowden had not shot Sarver because
she had been trying to stop the fight and standing close to both Snowden and Sarver.
Ciara averred that when shots were fired, everyone started running, and that Watson,
D.E., and D.S. were not outside during the fighting or the shooting. Ciara further stated
that, at the time of the shooting, she had thought someone simply fired shots in the air to
break up the fight and did not know that anyone had been shot during the incident. Ciara
averred that she had returned home to Michigan the morning after the incident and would
have come forward with her information earlier had she known that someone had been
shot. In addition, Ciara stated that she was then incarcerated at the Ohio Reformatory
for Women.
September 24, 2017 Letter from Wayne Miller (Motion for Recusal – Exhibit A)
5 In her affidavit, Ciara refers to the shooting victim as “Carl Lewis,” rather than William Sarver. At Snowden’s trial, it was established that Sarver had used the name “Carl Lewis” as a nickname. See Trial Tr. Vol. I (July 9, 2018), p. 120. For purposes of consistency, we will refer to the victim as Sarver when discussing Ciara’s affidavit. -9-
{¶ 17} On September 24, 2017, private investigator Wayne Miller wrote a letter to
Snowden’s first trial counsel to provide counsel with an “investigation update.” In the
letter, Miller wrote that on September 7th, he had received a call from L.R., the mother of
D.E. and D.S. Miller reported that during the call, L.R. had told him that her sons had
not actually witnessed Sarver’s shooting and that she was upset because her sons had
given witness statements to the police that indicated otherwise. According to the letter,
L.R. also told Miller that the police and her son’s grandparents had pressured her sons to
make the witness statements at issue. Miller also wrote that L.R. had told him that D.E.
had been inside the house telling his father about the fight between Snowden and Sarver
when the gunshots were fired and therefore had not seen the shooting.
{¶ 18} Miller’s letter further explained that L.R. had never followed up with him at
his office the next day as promised, but that he had reached L.R. by telephone on a later
date. Miller wrote that during that second call, L.R. told him that her sons had been
arrested for not appearing at court as ordered. L.R. also told Miller that her son, D.E.,
insisted that he did not remember what had happened on the night of the shooting and
that the police detectives had shouted at him in a threatening manner and had told him
that he had to testify. L.R. further advised Miller that she was considering hiring an
attorney to protect her sons because she felt that they might be in jeopardy if they did not
testify as the police wanted.
June 9, 2018 Letter from PI Wayne Miller (Motion for Leave - Exhibit G)
{¶ 19} On June 9, 2018, Miller wrote a letter to Snowden’s second trial counsel -10-
advising counsel that on June 8, 2018, D.O.’s mother, D.P., had visited him. Miller
reported that during the visit, D.P. advised him that D.O. had told her that he, D.E., and
D.S. had been inside a house at the time of Sarver’s shooting and therefore had not
witnessed the shooting. D.P. also advised Miller that D.O. had said that his father, D.W.,
had instructed him to lie and say that he witnessed the shooting. D.P. further advised
Miller about a speakerphone call that she had overheard between D.W. and L.R. during
which D.W. said in a threatening manner that D.O., D.E., and D.S. had better say what
he had told them to say. D.P. also specifically claimed that D.W. had instructed D.O.,
D.E., and D.S. to say that they had witnessed Snowden shoot Sarver. Miller further
reported that D.P. had told him that D.W. had said that he had not been present at the
time of the shooting, but that D.W.’s voice could be heard in the background of the 9-1-1
call that was made on the night of the shooting.
The State’s Response and the Trial Court’s Decision
{¶ 20} In response to Snowden’s petition for postconviction relief, the State argued
that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to rule on the petition because it was untimely and
because the untimeliness could not be excused, given that Snowden had failed to
establish that he had been unavoidably prevented from discovering the alleged new
evidence on which his petition was based. As for the motion for leave to file a motion for
new trial, the State similarly argued that the time for filing such a motion had expired and
that Snowden’s motion for leave failed to establish that he had been unavoidably
prevented from discovering the new evidence on which he would have based his motion -11-
for new trial.
{¶ 21} After taking the matter under advisement, on April 9, 2021, the trial court
issued an entry overruling Snowden’s petition and motion for the reasons argued by the
State. Snowden now appeals from that decision, raising five assignments of error.
First, Second, Third, and Fourth Assignments of Error
{¶ 22} Under his first four assignments of error, Snowden raises several
overlapping arguments, most of which are reiterations of the arguments raised in his
petition for postconviction relief and motion for leave to file a motion for new trial. Upon
review, we construe these assignments as arguing that the trial court erred by failing to
find that Snowden had been unavoidably prevented from discovering the evidence on
which his petition and motion for leave were based, and that said evidence had required
the trial court to hold an evidentiary hearing on his petition and to grant him leave to file
a motion for new trial.
Petition for Postconviction Relief
{¶ 23} When a defendant has pursued a direct appeal of his or her conviction, as
Snowden did, a petition for postconviction relief must be filed no later than 365 days “after
the date on which the trial transcript is filed in the court of appeals in the direct appeal of
the judgment of conviction or adjudication.” R.C. 2953.21(A)(2). Trial courts lack
jurisdiction to consider an untimely or successive petition for postconviction relief unless
the untimeliness is excused under R.C. 2953.23(A). State v. Morris, 2d Dist. -12-
Montgomery No. 27875, 2018-Ohio-4527, ¶ 16.
{¶ 24} R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(a) allows a trial court to consider an untimely,
successive petition if the petitioner shows that: (1) he was unavoidably prevented from
discovering the facts upon which he relies to present his claim for relief; or (2) the United
States Supreme Court recognized a new federal or state right that applies retroactively to
his situation, and his petition asserts a claim based on that right. State v. Baker, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 27596, 2017-Ohio-8602, ¶ 13, citing R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(a). “The
petitioner must also show by clear and convincing evidence that, if not for the
constitutional error from which he suffered, no reasonable factfinder would have found
him guilty.” Id., citing R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(b).
{¶ 25} “This court reviews the denial of a petition for post-conviction relief for which
no hearing was held under an abuse-of-discretion standard.” State v. Crossley, 2d Dist.
Clark No. 2020-CA-10, 2020-Ohio-6640, ¶ 17, citing State v. Harden, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 23617, 2010-Ohio-3343, ¶ 10. “A trial court abuses its discretion when
it makes a decision that is unreasonable, unconscionable, or arbitrary.” (Citation
omitted.) State v. Darmond, 135 Ohio St.3d 343, 2013-Ohio-966, 986 N.E.2d 971, ¶ 34.
An abuse of discretion most often involves an unreasonable decision that is not supported
by a sound reasoning process. AAAA Ents., Inc. v. River Place Community Urban
Redevelopment Corp., 50 Ohio St.3d 157, 161, 553 N.E.2d 597 (1990). “[W]hen a trial
court lacks jurisdiction to hear a petition under R.C. 2953.23(A)(1), it is not an abuse of
discretion to not conduct an evidentiary hearing.” (Citations omitted.) State v. Stefan,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108487, 2020-Ohio-1276, ¶ 29. -13-
{¶ 26} In this case, the record establishes that Snowden’s petition for
postconviction relief was untimely. Snowden filed the trial transcript in his direct appeal
on September 20, 2018, meaning that he had until September 20, 2019, to file his petition.
Snowden, however, filed his petition on April 14, 2020, approximately seven months after
the statutory deadline. Therefore, for the trial court to have had jurisdiction to review the
petition, Snowden had to show either that he had been unavoidably prevented from
discovering the facts upon which he relied to present the claims in his petition for
postconviction relief or that the claims in the petition were based on a new or federal or
state right that applied retroactively to him.
{¶ 27} In this case, Snowden’s petition was not based on a new federal or state
right but on alleged newly discovered evidence set forth in affidavits executed by Adale
Wilkins, Dayana Snowden, and Ciara Watson, and letters written by D.O. and private
investigator Wayne Miller. Accordingly, Snowden was required to show that he had been
unavoidably prevented from discovering the information in those affidavits and letters.
{¶ 28} “ ‘The phrase “unavoidably prevented” in R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(a) means that
a defendant was unaware of those facts and was unable to learn of them through
reasonable diligence.’ ” State v. Oglesby, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27626, 2018-Ohio-
871, ¶ 13, quoting State v. Turner, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 06AP-876, 2007-Ohio-1468,
¶ 11. A defendant fails to satisfy this requirement when the facts the defendant relied
upon in his petition “were in existence and discoverable well before the time of his trial.”
State v. McCleskey, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 17419, 1999 WL 218168, *1 (April 16,
1999). -14-
{¶ 29} Also, “[t]he affidavit of a witness who is ‘known to the defense at trial’ does
not fall under the exception of R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(a) as evidence that the defendant was
unavoidably prevented from discovering.” Turner at ¶ 17, quoting State v. Stanishia,
10th Dist. Franklin No. 03AP-476, 2003-Ohio-6836, ¶ 16. For example, a defendant is
not unavoidably prevented from discovering the facts in an affidavit when the affiant was
on a witness list and subpoenaed to testify at trial. See Stanishia at ¶ 16, citing State v.
Saban, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 73647, 1999 WL 148482, *5 (Mar. 18, 1999). “Also,
information contained in an affidavit that establishes facts discoverable before trial fails
to satisfy R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(a).” (Citation omitted.) Turner at ¶17.
{¶ 30} Upon review, we find that Snowden failed to allege any facts establishing
that he was unavoidably prevented from discovering the information in the three affidavits
attached to his petition. Regardless, Snowden was not unavoidably prevented from
discovering that information because all three affiants were known to Snowden prior to
his trial. Specifically, the record establishes that the affiants were on witness lists that
Snowden filed in advance of his trials. See Dkt. Nos. 82, 143, and 206. The affiants
were also subpoenaed to appear at court for at least one of Snowden’s trials. See Dkt.
Nos. 38, 203, and 205.
{¶ 31} In addition, affiants Adale Wilkins and Dayana Snowden both averred to
information that they had known well before Snowden’s trial—information which Snowden
could have discovered using reasonable diligence since Wilkins and Dayana were known
to Snowden. Affiant Ciara Watson’s information also could have been discovered using
reasonable diligence, as the record indicates that Ciara had not only been a known -15-
defense witness, but that she had been interviewed by the police and that her police
interview had been turned over to the defense in discovery. See Dkt. No. 236. The
record also establishes that Snowden made phone calls to Ciara from jail. See Id.
Because all three affiants were known to Snowden prior to trial, Snowden was not
unavoidably prevented from discovering the information in their affidavits and could have
learned about it well before his trial.
{¶ 32} The record also establishes that Snowden was not unavoidably prevented
from discovering D.O.’s recantation letter and that Snowden failed to allege any facts
establishing otherwise. As previously discussed, the letter was dated October 30, 2017,
meaning that it had been written a month before Snowden’s first trial and eight months
before his second trial. Furthermore, Dayana Snowden, who was known to Snowden,
averred to having personal, firsthand knowledge of D.O.’s writing the letter and submitting
it to the trial court. D.O. was also known to Snowden prior to trial, as he was listed as a
State’s witness, subpoenaed to appear at both of Snowden’s trials, and testified at
Snowden’s first trial but not at his second. See Dkt. Nos. 142, 123, 199, and 213; Trial
Tr. Vol. II (Nov. 27, 2017), p. 175-195. For all these reasons, we find that Snowden could
have, through reasonable diligence, discovered D.O.’s recantation letter prior to trial.
{¶ 33} It is also worth noting that Snowden raised an ineffective assistance claim
based on D.O.’s letter in his direct appeal and attached the letter to his appellate brief
filed on January 14, 2019. See Snowden I, 2019-Ohio-3006, 140 N.E.3d 1112, at ¶ 100.
This court issued its opinion on Snowden’s direct appeal two months prior to the petition’s
filing deadline, and in that opinion, we specifically advised Snowden that D.O.’s letter was -16-
outside the record on appeal and that a petition for postconviction relief was the proper
avenue for raising an ineffective assistance claim based on the letter. Id. Despite
having all this information, Snowden still did not file a timely petition based on D.O.’s
letter.
{¶ 34} The two letters written by private investigator Miller are the only items of
alleged “newly discovered evidence” for which Snowden provides some explanation
about why he had been unavoidably prevented from discovering them. Specifically,
Snowden claims that his trial counsel “suppressed” the information in the letters because
counsel did not provide him with the letters until December 19, 2019. However, even if
we were to accept that Snowden did not know about the letters until December 19, 2019,
the fact remains that Snowden had not been unavoidably prevented from discovering the
information contained in the letters; both letters contain information provided to Miller by
D.P. and L.R.—individuals who were listed as defense witnesses and known to Snowden
prior to his trial. Moreover, the pertinent information set forth in the letters mirrored the
information that was provided in the affidavits and D.O.’s recantation letter, i.e., that D.O.,
D.E., and D.S. had not witnessed the shooting and had been coerced to identify Snowden
as the shooter.
{¶ 35} Even if we were to assume that Snowden was unavoidably prevented from
discovering Miller’s letters due to his trial counsel’s withholding them, Snowden has not
demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence that, but for counsel’s alleged ineffective
assistance, no reasonable factfinder would have found him guilty at trial as required by
R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(b). Therefore, Snowden failed to satisfy either of the requirements -17-
under R.C. 2953.23(A)(1). Because of this failure, the trial court did not have jurisdiction
to consider Snowden’s untimely petition for postconviction relief and thus did not abuse
its discretion by overruling Snowden’s petition without an evidentiary hearing.
Motion for Leave to File Motion for New Trial
{¶ 36} Under Crim.R. 33(B), a motion for a new trial on account of newly
discovered evidence must be filed within 120 days after the verdict. If, as here, the 120-
day period has expired, the defendant must first seek leave of the trial court to file a
delayed motion for a new trial. State v. Harwell, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28104, 2019-
Ohio-643, ¶ 16. “To obtain leave, [a] defendant must demonstrate by clear and
convincing evidence that he or she was unavoidably prevented from timely filing the
motion for a new trial or discovering the new evidence within the time period provided by
Crim.R. 33(B).” (Citations omitted.) State v. Warwick, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2001-
CA-33, 2002 WL 1585663, *2 (July 19, 2002). “If it is not found that the defendant was
unavoidably prevented from discovering the new evidence or from filing his motion for a
new trial, the trial court is precluded from considering the untimely motion.” (Citations
omitted.) State v. Wilson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 17515, 1999 WL 173551, *1 (Mar.
31, 1999); State v. Warren, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26112, 2015-Ohio-36, ¶ 13.
{¶ 37} “ ‘[A] party is unavoidably prevented from filing a motion for new trial if the
party had no knowledge of the existence of the ground supporting the motion for new trial
and could not have learned of the existence of that ground within the time prescribed for
filing the motion for new trial in the exercise of reasonable diligence.’ ” State v. Parker, -18-
178 Ohio App.3d 574, 2008-Ohio-5178, 899 N.E.2d 183, ¶ 16 (2d Dist.), quoting State v.
Walden, 19 Ohio App.3d 141, 145-146, 483 N.E.2d 859 (10th Dist.1984); State v. Reed,
2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28272, 2019-Ohio-3295, ¶ 30. “Conversely, a defendant fails
to demonstrate that he or she was unavoidably prevented from discovering the new
evidence or the basis of the claim when he or she would have discovered that information
earlier with due diligence and some effort.” (Citations omitted.) State v. Smith, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 28307, 2019-Ohio-3591, ¶ 11.
{¶ 38} Like petitions for postconviction relief, “we review a trial court’s denial of
leave to file a motion for a new trial for an abuse of discretion.” State v. Hayden, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 29490, 2022-Ohio-3574, ¶ 14, citing State v. Devaughns, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 25826, 2015-Ohio-452, ¶ 15.
{¶ 39} Here, Snowden’s motion for leave to file a motion for new trial was based
on the same affidavits and letters attached to his petition for postconviction relief. As
previously discussed, those affidavits and letters contained information that Snowden
could have discovered before his trial in the exercise of reasonable diligence. As a
result, we find that Snowden’s motion for leave failed to clearly and convincingly establish
that Snowden had been unavoidably prevented from discovering the information at issue
within the time prescribed by Crim.R. 33(B). Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its
discretion by overruling Snowden’s motion for leave to file a motion for new trial.
{¶ 40} Snowden’s first, second, third, and fourth assignments of error are
overruled. -19-
Fifth Assignment of Error
{¶ 41} Under his fifth assignment of error, Snowden argues that his petition for
postconviction relief was not untimely because his resentencing in 2020 created a new
judgment that restarted the clock for purposes of filing a petition for postconviction relief.
This argument lacks merit; this court has previously explained that “a resentencing
hearing does not restart the clock for postconviction relief purposes in relation to any
claims attacking the conviction underlying the sentence.” (Emphasis sic.) State v.
Yates, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25308, 2013-Ohio-3388, ¶ 9, citing State v. Dawson, 2d
Dist. Greene No. 2012-CA-54, 2013-Ohio-1817, ¶ 11-13. Here, Snowden’s petition
challenged his original conviction, not his resentencing. Therefore, the time limit for filing
a petition for postconviction relief ran from the original appeal of Snowden’s conviction.
See Dawson at ¶ 11.
{¶ 42} As previously discussed, Snowden was required to file his petition no later
than 365 days “after the date on which the trial transcript is filed in the court of appeals in
the direct appeal of the judgment of conviction or adjudication.” R.C. 2953.21(A)(2). In
this case, Snowden filed the trial transcript in his direct appeal on September 20, 2018,
and thus had until September 20, 2019, to file his petition. Snowden filed his petition
approximately seven months later on April 14, 2020. Therefore, Snowden’s petition was
untimely.
{¶ 43} Snowden’s fifth assignment of error is overruled.
Conclusion -20-
{¶ 44} Having overruled all of Snowden’s assignments of error, the judgment of
the trial court is affirmed.
DONOVAN, J. and EPLEY, J., concur.
Copies sent to:
Mathias H. Heck, Jr. Elizabeth A. Ellis Deonte Dwayne Snowden Hon. Robert G. Hanseman