State v. Smith

290 So. 2d 294, 1974 La. LEXIS 3511
Supreme Court of Louisiana·Decided February 18, 1974·No. Nos. 53990, 54223·Published·Cited by 1 cases

Opinion

SUMMERS, Justice.

Charles E. Smith was indicted for the murder of Bobbie Jean Veal on November 2, 1967. La.R.S. 14:30. He was tried by a jury which rendered a verdict of guilty without capital punishment. On June 27, 1968 he was sentenced to spend the rest of his natural life in the State Penitentiary. A motion for a new trial was filed.

Smith was an indigent and was represented at the trial by court appointed counsel. After sentence, no bills of exceptions were perfected and no appeal was made. [296]*296Accordingly Smith was incarcerated in the State Penitentiary.

On July 16, 1971 Smith filed an application for habeas corpus in the trial court of his conviction. He alleged that he was denied his right of appeal because court appointed counsel failed to perfect an appeal, although he did express his desire to appeal. An evidentiary hearing held in connection with this application centered around whether Smith informed either counsel or the court of his desire to appeal his conviction. The testimony of the attorney appointed to represent Smith leaves no doubt that he would not have taken an appeal, for he was convinced that an appeal would be frivolous. This application was denied.

Following denial of relief in the trial court, Smith filed a new petition in the Louisiana Supreme Court, in which he alleged “that he was an indigent and that he was not advised of his absolute right to appeal in forma pauperis and to the appointment of counsel to represent him on his appeal without cost to him, and he has thereby been denied the equality required by the Fourteenth Amendment and he is being held unlawfully in custody.” This application was denied on March 8, 1973. Application was then made for habeas corpus in the United States District Court. In June 1973 that court ordered an out of time appeal.

Thereafter on September 1, 1973 the Criminal District Court for the Parish of Orleans appointed counsel for Smith and granted an out of time appeal. Counsel then applied to this Court to review the conviction and sentence and to render judgment in accordance with law. We granted a writ of certiorari and ordered the record transmitted to this Court.

Three principal contentions are made on this out of time appeal.

I.

It is contended that the trial judge committed prejudicial error when he permitted the introduction of evidence of Smith’s prior convictions for offenses unrelated to the offense for which he was being tried, and then neglected to instruct the jury that this evidence could be used solely for the purpose of impeaching applicant’s credibility.

The accused testified before the jury in his own behalf on direct examination. He was the only witness to testify for the defense. He recounted his version of the facts surrounding the killing of the victim which were in direct contradiction of the facts testified to by the States’ witnesses. On cross-examination, in order to impeach the credibility of the accused, the Assistant District Attorney asked Smith whether he had been convicted of simple burglary on July 18, 1961; whether he had been convicted of simple burglary on October 24, 1961; and whether he had been convicted of carrying a concealed weapon on October 7, 1965. Smith readily acknowledged these convictions. The prosecutor, then went on to cross-examine Smith regarding his alibi.

Initially we note that defense counsel raised no objection to these questions at the time they were propounded, although our careful review of the entire record convinces us that trial counsel was competent and fully advocating the cause of the accused. His reasons for not objecting were no doubt based upon the psychology of such an objection at a jury trial and, therefore, valid and in his client’s best interest at the time, in counsel’s judgment.

Moreover, the law permitting such questioning is clear and unequivocal. Section 495 of Title 15 of the Revised Statutes provides:

“Evidence of conviction of crime, but not of arrest, indictment or prosecution, is admissible for the purpose of impeaching the credibility of the witness, but before evidence of such former conviction can be adduced from any other source than the witness whose credibility is to [297]*297be impeached, he must have been questioned on cross-examination as to such conviction and have failed distinctly to admit the same . ” (emphasis added)

These questions concerning previous convictions were the predicate to the State’s right to show evidence of other convictions. But since Smith admitted the convictions it was unnecessary to go further.

By propounding the questions relative to prior convictions as the law authorizes, the prosecutor undoubtedly did accomplish his intended purpose which was to impeach Smith’s credibility. Since no showing was made that any State’s witness had previously been convicted of a crime, the contrast in the facts testified to by them with the defendant’s version of the facts was significant. This contrast was relevant to the credibility of the witnesses. A thrice-convicted felon’s alibi is not, as a practical matter, as credible as that of persons who have never been convicted of crimes.

II.

Defense counsel on this appeal asserts that the State has not sustained the burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt. We recognize that this is a jury question and not a determination to be made by the Court on appeal. La.Const. art. VII, |j 10. Nevertheless, considering the charge made here that trial counsel failed to appeal, and the out of time nature of this appeal, we have considered the motion for a new trial which trial counsel did file based on the inadequacy of the evidence to sustain the verdict. We have taken this step even though defense counsel did not pursue the motion or obtain a ruling thereon. We have also reviewed the record with the question in mind whether trial counsel was correct in the position he took that an appeal in this case would be frivolous. On both counts the result is adverse to the defense.

In our view the State has more than adequately sustained the burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was guilty of killing the victim Bobbie Jean Veal, a seventeen-year-old girl. The evidence abundantly sustains the verdict of guilty and trial counsel correctly took the position that an appeal would be frivolous. Nevertheless, we must conclude that defense counsel did not properly terminate his representation of Smith. According to the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967)

“. . . if counsel finds his case to be wholly frivolous, after a, conscientious examination of it, he should so advise the court and request permission to withdraw. That request must, however, be accompanied by a brief referring to anything in the record that might arguably support the appeal. A copy of counsel’s brief should be furnished the indigent and time allowed him to raise any points that he chooses; the court — not counsel —then proceeds, after a full examination of all proceedings, to decide whether the case is wholly frivolous.

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State v. Smith, 290 So. 2d 294, 1974 La. LEXIS 3511 (La. 1974).

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