[Cite as State v. Skidmore, 2017-Ohio-7031.]
COURT OF APPEALS RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. Plaintiff - Appellee : Hon. John W. Wise, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. -vs- : : MICHAEL SKIDMORE : Case No. 16CA80 : Defendant - Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Richland County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2015 CR 0664 R
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: July 31, 2017
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
GARY BISHOP WILLIAM NORMAN Richland County Prosecuting Attorney 11509 Lorain Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 44111 By: BRAD L. TAMMARO Senior Assistant Attorney General Special Prosecuting Attorney 150 E. Gay Street, 16th Fl. Columbus, Ohio 43215 Richland County, Case No. 16CA80 2
Baldwin, J.
{¶1} Appellant Michael Skidmore appeals a judgment of the Richland County
Common Pleas Court convicting him of two counts of assault (R.C. 2903.13), inducing
panic (R.C. 2917.31), and obstructing official business (R.C. 2921.31) and sentencing
him to an aggregate term of incarceration of 16 months.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On May 13, 2015, Dave Leitenberger, head of Courthouse Security for
Richland County, was notified that someone was filming office personnel in the Clerk of
Court’s office, making them nervous. He went with another Court Security Officer (CSO)
to the clerk’s office to investigate.
{¶3} When they arrived, they observed a man at the clerk’s window and appellant
standing off to his left holding a go-pro camera. Leitenberger asked appellant for his
name and asked what he was doing, but appellant did not respond. He asked appellant
to stop filming, and appellant failed to respond. Leitenberger placed himself between
appellant and the window and touched appellant’s shoulder. Appellant asked for his
name and badge number. Leitenberger told appellant his name and that he was the head
of court security. CSO Mayer told Leitenberger that he would wait with the men until the
documents they had requested were produced, and Leitenberger left the area.
{¶4} Appellant requested a meeting with Captain James Sweat of the Richland
County Sheriff’s Department. The meeting took place on May 26, 2015. Appellant told
Cpt. Sweat that he was in an official capacity as a reporter or news media. Appellant
asked questions concerning the training, policies and procedures of courthouse security.
Regarding the incident of May 13, 2015, appellant told Cpt. Sweat that security had no Richland County, Case No. 16CA80 3
right to ask him to leave or to stop recording, and they had no right to contact a deputy.
He further indicated that he had been assaulted by courthouse security personnel. Cpt.
Sweat noted that nothing on the video of the May 13, 2015 incident demonstrated an
assault, but if appellant felt he had been assaulted he could file a police report.
Throughout the meeting, appellant referred to courthouse security as “nameless thugs
with guns.” He asked Cpt. Sweat how the deputies would respond if they received a call
that security personnel had been disarmed, rendered unconscious, and placed in
handcuffs. When asked who would disarm and handcuff security personnel, appellant
responded that it would be the citizens of Richland County, who are the employers of
security personnel.
{¶5} Appellant was part of a group of people who attended a meeting of the
Richland County Commissioners on July 9, 2015. A woman in the group pointed out that
one of the employees in the room had turned her identification badge around. The
employee stated that the badge flipped over on its own, and turned it around so that her
name was visible. Appellant, who was recording the meeting with a camera which was
attached to a lanyard around his neck, approached the employee, leaned between her
laptop and her body, and photographed her badge at close range. The employee told
appellant that his behavior was inappropriate. Although the employee did not recall
appellant touching her, one of the commissioners believed appellant had touched the
employee. Commissioner Marilyn John became upset, and told appellant it was
inappropriate that he touched a staff member. Appellant responded that their people
have been touching members of the public, which is also inappropriate. An employee
then left the meeting to summon court security. Richland County, Case No. 16CA80 4
{¶6} Security guards Tim Norris and Charles Kochis entered the room. Appellant
was seated in a chair, holding his camera out. Norris approached appellant and grabbed
the camera. Appellant began punching Norris, driving him into a chair against the wall.
As the scuffle continued, Norris’s gun fired. Kochis pulled appellant off Norris, and
appellant punched Kochis, bit him on the cheek, and poked him in the eyes.
{¶7} As a result of the incident, Norris had a split lip, severe bruising and swelling
on his face and jaw, and a laceration above his eye. The contusion of his eye resulted in
a tear and breaking away of the retina. Kochis suffered injuries to his left elbow and
forearm, lacerations around his right eye, and a bite to his face.
{¶8} Appellant was indicted by the Richland County Grand Jury with two counts
of felonious assault, two counts of assault, one count of inducing panic, and one count of
obstructing official business. The case proceeded to jury trial.
{¶9} At trial, appellant presented the testimony of several witnesses who were
present at the meeting. These witnesses testified that Norris grabbed the camera
forcefully and yanked the camera while the camera was attached to a lanyard around
appellant’s neck. He further presented the testimony of an expert witness who testified
that Norris’s approach was aggressive and antagonizing, and Norris made a direct grab
to the collar area in grabbing for the camera. Appellant requested a jury instruction on
self-defense, which was denied by the trial court.
{¶10} The jury found appellant not guilty of the two counts of felonious assault,
but guilty of the remaining charges. He was sentenced to an aggregate term of sixteen
months incarceration.
{¶11} Appellant assigns a single error on appeal: Richland County, Case No. 16CA80 5
{¶12} “THE COURT BELOW ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN FINDING THAT
APPELLANT WAS NOT ENTITLED TO A SELF-DEFENSE INSTRUCTION WHERE
THE RECORD CONTAINS VIDEO, TESTIMONIAL, AND EXPERT EVIDENCE
DEMONSTRATING THAT DEFENDANT REACTED WITH NON-DEADLY FORCE TO
UNLAWFUL TOUCHING AND FORCE OF ANOTHER.”
{¶13} Appellant argues that the court erred in failing to instruct the jury on the
affirmative defense of self-defense upon his timely request.
{¶14} A trial court must instruct the jury on self-defense only when the defendant
presents sufficient evidence at trial to warrant such an instruction. See State v. Robinson,
47 Ohio St.2d 103, 110–113, 351 N.E.2d 88 (1976). The trial court should view this
evidence in the light most favorable to the defendant and determine, if the evidence is
believed, whether it would permit a finding of reasonable doubt as to guilt under the legal
test for self-defense. Id. When reviewing a court's refusal to give a requested jury
instruction, an appellate court considers whether the trial court's refusal to give a
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[Cite as State v. Skidmore, 2017-Ohio-7031.]
COURT OF APPEALS RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. Plaintiff - Appellee : Hon. John W. Wise, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. -vs- : : MICHAEL SKIDMORE : Case No. 16CA80 : Defendant - Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Richland County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2015 CR 0664 R
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: July 31, 2017
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
GARY BISHOP WILLIAM NORMAN Richland County Prosecuting Attorney 11509 Lorain Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 44111 By: BRAD L. TAMMARO Senior Assistant Attorney General Special Prosecuting Attorney 150 E. Gay Street, 16th Fl. Columbus, Ohio 43215 Richland County, Case No. 16CA80 2
Baldwin, J.
{¶1} Appellant Michael Skidmore appeals a judgment of the Richland County
Common Pleas Court convicting him of two counts of assault (R.C. 2903.13), inducing
panic (R.C. 2917.31), and obstructing official business (R.C. 2921.31) and sentencing
him to an aggregate term of incarceration of 16 months.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On May 13, 2015, Dave Leitenberger, head of Courthouse Security for
Richland County, was notified that someone was filming office personnel in the Clerk of
Court’s office, making them nervous. He went with another Court Security Officer (CSO)
to the clerk’s office to investigate.
{¶3} When they arrived, they observed a man at the clerk’s window and appellant
standing off to his left holding a go-pro camera. Leitenberger asked appellant for his
name and asked what he was doing, but appellant did not respond. He asked appellant
to stop filming, and appellant failed to respond. Leitenberger placed himself between
appellant and the window and touched appellant’s shoulder. Appellant asked for his
name and badge number. Leitenberger told appellant his name and that he was the head
of court security. CSO Mayer told Leitenberger that he would wait with the men until the
documents they had requested were produced, and Leitenberger left the area.
{¶4} Appellant requested a meeting with Captain James Sweat of the Richland
County Sheriff’s Department. The meeting took place on May 26, 2015. Appellant told
Cpt. Sweat that he was in an official capacity as a reporter or news media. Appellant
asked questions concerning the training, policies and procedures of courthouse security.
Regarding the incident of May 13, 2015, appellant told Cpt. Sweat that security had no Richland County, Case No. 16CA80 3
right to ask him to leave or to stop recording, and they had no right to contact a deputy.
He further indicated that he had been assaulted by courthouse security personnel. Cpt.
Sweat noted that nothing on the video of the May 13, 2015 incident demonstrated an
assault, but if appellant felt he had been assaulted he could file a police report.
Throughout the meeting, appellant referred to courthouse security as “nameless thugs
with guns.” He asked Cpt. Sweat how the deputies would respond if they received a call
that security personnel had been disarmed, rendered unconscious, and placed in
handcuffs. When asked who would disarm and handcuff security personnel, appellant
responded that it would be the citizens of Richland County, who are the employers of
security personnel.
{¶5} Appellant was part of a group of people who attended a meeting of the
Richland County Commissioners on July 9, 2015. A woman in the group pointed out that
one of the employees in the room had turned her identification badge around. The
employee stated that the badge flipped over on its own, and turned it around so that her
name was visible. Appellant, who was recording the meeting with a camera which was
attached to a lanyard around his neck, approached the employee, leaned between her
laptop and her body, and photographed her badge at close range. The employee told
appellant that his behavior was inappropriate. Although the employee did not recall
appellant touching her, one of the commissioners believed appellant had touched the
employee. Commissioner Marilyn John became upset, and told appellant it was
inappropriate that he touched a staff member. Appellant responded that their people
have been touching members of the public, which is also inappropriate. An employee
then left the meeting to summon court security. Richland County, Case No. 16CA80 4
{¶6} Security guards Tim Norris and Charles Kochis entered the room. Appellant
was seated in a chair, holding his camera out. Norris approached appellant and grabbed
the camera. Appellant began punching Norris, driving him into a chair against the wall.
As the scuffle continued, Norris’s gun fired. Kochis pulled appellant off Norris, and
appellant punched Kochis, bit him on the cheek, and poked him in the eyes.
{¶7} As a result of the incident, Norris had a split lip, severe bruising and swelling
on his face and jaw, and a laceration above his eye. The contusion of his eye resulted in
a tear and breaking away of the retina. Kochis suffered injuries to his left elbow and
forearm, lacerations around his right eye, and a bite to his face.
{¶8} Appellant was indicted by the Richland County Grand Jury with two counts
of felonious assault, two counts of assault, one count of inducing panic, and one count of
obstructing official business. The case proceeded to jury trial.
{¶9} At trial, appellant presented the testimony of several witnesses who were
present at the meeting. These witnesses testified that Norris grabbed the camera
forcefully and yanked the camera while the camera was attached to a lanyard around
appellant’s neck. He further presented the testimony of an expert witness who testified
that Norris’s approach was aggressive and antagonizing, and Norris made a direct grab
to the collar area in grabbing for the camera. Appellant requested a jury instruction on
self-defense, which was denied by the trial court.
{¶10} The jury found appellant not guilty of the two counts of felonious assault,
but guilty of the remaining charges. He was sentenced to an aggregate term of sixteen
months incarceration.
{¶11} Appellant assigns a single error on appeal: Richland County, Case No. 16CA80 5
{¶12} “THE COURT BELOW ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN FINDING THAT
APPELLANT WAS NOT ENTITLED TO A SELF-DEFENSE INSTRUCTION WHERE
THE RECORD CONTAINS VIDEO, TESTIMONIAL, AND EXPERT EVIDENCE
DEMONSTRATING THAT DEFENDANT REACTED WITH NON-DEADLY FORCE TO
UNLAWFUL TOUCHING AND FORCE OF ANOTHER.”
{¶13} Appellant argues that the court erred in failing to instruct the jury on the
affirmative defense of self-defense upon his timely request.
{¶14} A trial court must instruct the jury on self-defense only when the defendant
presents sufficient evidence at trial to warrant such an instruction. See State v. Robinson,
47 Ohio St.2d 103, 110–113, 351 N.E.2d 88 (1976). The trial court should view this
evidence in the light most favorable to the defendant and determine, if the evidence is
believed, whether it would permit a finding of reasonable doubt as to guilt under the legal
test for self-defense. Id. When reviewing a court's refusal to give a requested jury
instruction, an appellate court considers whether the trial court's refusal to give a
requested instruction was an abuse of discretion under the facts and circumstances of
the case. State v. Wolons, 44 Ohio St.3d 64, 541 N.E.2d 443(1989).
{¶15} To establish self-defense in the use of non-deadly force, the accused must
show that: 1) he was not at fault in creating the situation giving rise to the altercation; 2)
the accused had reasonable grounds to believe and an honest belief, even though
mistaken, that some force was necessary to defend himself against the imminent use of
unlawful force; and 3) the force used was not likely to cause death or great bodily harm.
State v. Hoopingarner, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No.2010AP 07 00022, 2010–Ohio–6490, ¶
31, State v. Medlock, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2014CA00007, 2014-Ohio-3466, ¶13. Richland County, Case No. 16CA80 6
{¶16} As to the degree of force that is permitted, the defendant is privileged to use
the amount of force that is reasonably necessary to repel the attack. State v. Williford, 49
Ohio St. 3d 247, 551 N.E.2d 1279 (1990). However, if the amount of force used is so
disproportionate that it shows an “unreasonable purpose to injure,” the defense of self-
defense is unavailable. State v. Macklin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94482, 2011-Ohio-87,
¶27.
{¶17} In the instant case, the video and testimony demonstrate that upon entering
the room, Norris immediately approached appellant and grabbed the camera, which
appellant was holding out with one hand. The camera was hanging around appellant’s
neck on a lanyard. Assuming arguendo that the evidence demonstrated that appellant
had reasonable grounds to believe some force was necessary to defend himself against
the imminent use of force, the force used in the instant case was so disproportionate to
the force used by Norris in grabbing the camera, as to show an unreasonable purpose to
injure.
{¶18} Norris made no move to punch or harm appellant, yet appellant responded
with a flurry of punches, pushing Norris into a chair against the wall. Charles Moran, a
special agent for the Ohio Attorney General’s office for the Bureau of Criminal
Investigation, testified based on his analysis of the video that during the first three
seconds from the start of the attack until Norris created a separation between them,
appellant struck Norris eight times, and Norris struck appellant zero times. Tr. 250.
Appellant then closed the gap between them, and in the next two seconds before Norris’s
gun fired, appellant struck Norris four times, and Norris again failed to strike appellant.
From the point of the muzzle flash of Norris’s gun until appellant was pulled off Norris by Richland County, Case No. 16CA80 7
Kochis, he struck Norris another ten times. Appellant then turned on Kochis, punching
him eight times in three seconds and biting him on the cheek. Based on the evidence,
the court did not abuse its discretion in denying appellant’s request for a jury instruction
on self-defense.
{¶19} The assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Richland County
Common Pleas Court is affirmed. Costs are assessed to appellant.
By: Baldwin, J.
Gwin, P.J. and
John Wise, J. concur.