State v. Simmons

839 So. 2d 239, 2003 WL 183382
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedJanuary 28, 2003
Docket02-KA-960
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 839 So. 2d 239 (State v. Simmons) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Simmons, 839 So. 2d 239, 2003 WL 183382 (La. Ct. App. 2003).

Opinion

839 So.2d 239 (2003)

STATE of Louisiana
v.
Jamie SIMMONS, a/k/a Joseph Simmons, a/k/a Julian Simmons.

No. 02-KA-960.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fifth Circuit.

January 28, 2003.

*241 Bruce G. Whittaker, New Orleans, LA, for Defendant-Appellant, Jamie Simmons a/k/a Joseph Simmons a/k/a Julian Simmons.

Paul D. Connick, Jr., District Attorney, 24th Judicial District, Terry Boudreaux, Assistant District Attorney, Gretna, LA, for Plaintiff-Appellee, The State of Louisiana.

Panel composed of Judges THOMAS F. DALEY, SUSAN M. CHEHARDY and CLARENCE E. McMANUS.

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY, Judge.

On July 12, 2000 the Jefferson Parish District Attorney filed a bill of information charging Jamie Simmons with distribution of cocaine, a violation of La.R.S. 40:967(A).[1] The defendant entered a plea of not guilty at arraignment. After a two-day trial, on September 29, 2000 a twelve-member jury found the defendant guilty as charged.

On April 25, 2001 the defendant was sentenced to serve fifteen years of imprisonment at hard labor, with the first five years of the sentence to be served without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence and to be served concurrently with the sentence he was then serving on a parole violation. The State filed a habitual offender bill of information alleging defendant to be a third felony offender. The defendant denied the allegations.

Following a hearing on August 2, 2001, the trial judge found the defendant to be a third felony offender as alleged by the State. The trial judge delayed sentencing so that the State and defense could submit memoranda on which version of La.R.S. 15:529.1 should be applied in defendant's case.

Finding that the pre-2001 amendment to La.R.S. 15:529.1 applied, the trial judge imposed the mandatory sentence of life imprisonment at hard labor without benefit of parole, probation or suspension of sentence. This timely appeal follows.[2]

FACTS

The following factual statement was developed from the State's witnesses presented at trial. The defense rested without presenting any testimony.

On August 11, 1999, Agent Mason Williams of the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office was working undercover in the Bridge City (Westwego) area of Jefferson Parish, purchasing narcotics. Agent *242 Williams was driving a vehicle equipped with a video camera and an audio transmitter. Agent Derek Castine was a member of the surveillance team and monitored the transaction on the audio transmitter.

At trial, Agent Williams testified that he stopped the vehicle when he saw a man, later identified as the defendant, riding a bicycle. Agent Williams asked the defendant if he had a "20," which Agent Williams explained was street language for one rock of crack cocaine. The defendant told Agent Williams to drive around the block and Agent Williams complied. The defendant approached Agent Williams' vehicle, and Agent Williams asked the defendant to let him see the object. The defendant, however, instructed Agent Williams to drop the money on the ground. Ultimately, the defendant handed Agent Williams a rock-like object, then Agent Williams dropped the money on the ground. As Agent Williams drove away, he observed the defendant in the rear-view mirror retrieving the money. The videotape of this transaction was played for the jury at trial and the tape was entered into evidence as State's Exhibit 3.

After the transaction, Agent Williams gave Agent Castine the rock-like object and the videotape of the transaction. Agent Castine testified that the object field-tested positive for the presence of cocaine. According to Thomas Angelica, who was accepted as an expert forensic scientist at trial, the rock-like object weighed .30 grams and tested positive for the presence of cocaine.

Sometime after the transaction, Agent Castine and Sergeant Joe Williams viewed the videotape. Sergeant Williams testified that he recognized the defendant and supplied the defendant's name to Agent Castine. After viewing a photographic lineup prepared by Agent Castine, Agent Williams identified the defendant as the person who sold him the crack cocaine. Agent Williams also positively identified defendant at trial.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER ONE

The trial court imposed an excessive sentence.

The defendant contends that his life sentence as a third felony offender is constitutionally excessive. The State responds that this mandatory minimum sentence is not excessive.

By 2001 La. Acts 403, § 7, the Louisiana Legislature enacted Act 403, which became effective on June 15, 2001. It amended the penalty provisions of numerous statutes, including the underlying offense in this case and the penalty provisions under the habitual offender statute for third and fourth felony offenders. Act 403 also created a Risk Review Panel to "evaluate the risk of danger" certain convicted individuals pose to society if released from confinement. 2001 La. Acts 403, § 2. In Section 6, the Act specified that the provisions "shall only have prospective effect."

Since the effective date of Act 403, this Court has held that the pre-amendment version of LA.R.S. 15:529.1 applies when the underlying offense is committed before the effective date of Act 403, even when the sentence is imposed after Act 403's effective date. See State v. Ventress, 01-1165 (La.App. 5 Cir. 4/30/02), 817 So.2d 377, 380-383; State v. Flagg, 01-965 (La. App. 5 Cir. 3/26/02), 815 So.2d 208, 209-212.

In State v. Sugasti, 01-3407(La.6/21/02), 820 So.2d 518, the Louisiana Supreme Court held that Act 403's amendment to the penalty provision of La. R.S. 40:966(C), possession of heroin, did not apply to a defendant who committed the offense before Act 403's effective date.

*243 In the present case, the trial judge sentenced the defendant under the pre-amendment version of La.R.S. 15:529.1. Based on Sugasti, Flagg, and Ventress, the trial judge properly sentenced defendant pursuant to the version of La.R.S. 15:529.1 in effect before the 2001 amendment. Defendant correctly acknowledges that, under either version of La.R.S. 15:529.1, he is subject to a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment.[3]

The record does not reflect that the defendant made or filed a motion to reconsider his sentence pursuant to La.C.Cr.P. art. 881.1. Rather, the defendant merely asked the court to "note an objection" to the sentence. The failure to file a motion to reconsider sentence, or to state specific grounds upon which the motion is based, limits a defendant to a bare review of the sentence for constitutional excessiveness. See State v. Hester, 99-426 (La.App. 5 Cir. 9/28/99), 746 So.2d 95, 103, writ denied, State v. Patterson, 99-3217 (La.4/20/00), 760 So.2d 342. Accordingly, we shall conduct a review of the defendant's sentence for constitutional excessiveness.

Both the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, § 20 of the Louisiana Constitution prohibit the imposition of excessive punishment. The Louisiana Supreme Court has recognized that a mandatory minimum sentence under the Habitual Offender Law may still be reviewed for constitutional excessiveness. State v. Johnson, 97-1906 (La.3/4/98), 709 So.2d 672; State v. Dorthey, 623 So.2d 1276 (La.1993).

When a trial court determines that the minimum sentence mandated by La.R.S.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
839 So. 2d 239, 2003 WL 183382, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-simmons-lactapp-2003.