State v. Shields

2020 Ohio 3204

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: June 5, 2020
• Docket: 28573
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Shields, 2020-Ohio-3204.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY

: STATE OF OHIO : : Appellate Case No. 28573 Plaintiff-Appellee : : Trial Court Case No. 2019-CR-2731 v. : : (Criminal Appeal from MARC ANDREW SHIELDS, JR. : Common Pleas Court) : Defendant-Appellant :

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OPINION

Rendered on the 5th day of June, 2020.

MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by SARAH E. HUTNIK, Atty. Reg. No. 0095900, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, Montgomery County Courts Building, 301 West Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

TRAVIS T. DUNNINGTON, Atty. Reg. No. 0096519, 117 South Main Street, Suite 400, Dayton, OH 45422 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

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FROELICH, J. -2-

{¶ 1} Marc Andrew Shields, Jr., pled guilty in the Montgomery County Court of

Common Pleas to aggravated robbery, a first-degree felony, with a firearm specification.

In exchange for the plea, the State dismissed charges of carrying a concealed weapon

and tampering with evidence. The trial court sentenced Shields to an indefinite term of

three to four and one-half years in prison,1 plus an additional three years for the firearm

specification, to be served consecutively. Shields appeals from his conviction.

{¶ 2} In a sentencing memorandum and at sentencing, Shields argued that,

although there was a presumption of prison for the aggravated robbery, the sentencing

factors in R.C. 2929.12 supported community control in his case. Shields asked that he

be sentenced to community control on the aggravated robbery, to be served concurrently

with the three-year sentence for the firearm specification. Shields attempted to

distinguish State v. Ervin, 2017-Ohio-1491, 89 N.E.3d 1 (12th Dist.) (disallowing, after a

discussion of “blended sentences,” community control sentence on underlying offenses,

consecutive to prison term on firearm specification), and argued that State v. Hitchcock,

157 Ohio St.3d 215, 2019-Ohio-3246, 134 N.E.3d 164, permitted a trial court to impose

community control concurrently with a prison sentence on a separate offense. Although

recognizing that a firearm specification was not a “separate offense” for purposes of

merger, State v. Ford, 128 Ohio St.3d 398, 2011-Ohio-765, 945 N.E.2d 498, Shields

1 The Reagan Tokes Law, effective March 22, 2019, made substantive amendments to Ohio’s felony sentencing statutes with respect to first- and second-degree felonies committed on or after the amendments’ effective date. Under the amendments, Shields was subject to an indefinite sentence, the minimum term of which the court could select from the sentencing range for a first-degree felony, and the maximum of which would be 50 percent more than the selected minimum term. See R.C. 2929.14(A)(1)(a). -3-

argued that Ford did not address whether an offender could be sentenced to community

control for an underlying offense where prison must be imposed for a firearm

specification. The trial court concluded that, “[w]hile the sentence for aggravated robbery

is not mandatory, the Defendant must be sentenced to prison as a result of the three-year

firearm specification on the underlying F-1 felony.”

{¶ 3} In his sole assignment of error, Shields claims that the trial court erred in

refusing to consider a sentence of community control on the underlying aggravated

robbery offense. Shields argues that the trial court had the authority to impose

community control on the aggravated robbery concurrently with three years in prison on

the firearm specification. The State responds that the trial court fully considered whether

it could impose community control and “ultimately declined to accept [Shields’s]

interpretation of the statutes.” The State further argued that the trial court did not err,

because the sentencing statutes contained no express authority for the trial court to

impose community control on the underlying offense of aggravated robbery to run

concurrently with a mandatory prison sentence on the attached gun specification.

{¶ 4} Upon an initial review, we noticed that neither party addressed R.C.

2929.13(F)(8), which requires the trial court to impose a prison term for any felony

offense, except a violation of R.C. 2923.12 (carrying a concealed weapon), “if the offender

had a firearm on or about the offender’s person or under the offender’s control while

committing the felony, with respect to a portion of the sentence imposed pursuant to

division (B)(1)(a) of section 2929.14 of the Revised Code for having the firearm.” Prior

to oral argument, we notified the parties that they should be prepared to address the

effect, if any, of that statute. -4-

{¶ 5} At oral argument, Shields argued that R.C. 2929.13(F)(8) makes a prison

sentence mandatory only as to the firearm specification, i.e., the “portion of the sentence

imposed pursuant to division (B)(1)(a) of section 2929.14 of the Revised Code for having

the firearm.” Shields asserted that R.C. 2929.13(F)(8) did not speak to the portion of the

sentence related to the underlying offense, in this case the aggravated robbery. Shields

contended that our opinion in State v. Becraft, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013-CA-54, 2015-Ohio-

3911, which appeared to hold otherwise, did not directly concern this issue, and that the

Fifth District in State v. Roush, 5th Dist. Morrow No. 13CA0008, 2014-Ohio-4887, has

interpreted R.C. 2929.13(F)(8) consistently with his interpretation.

{¶ 6} The State countered at oral argument that R.C. 2929.13(F)(8) concerns

offenses, not specifications, and that firearm specifications are addressed in R.C.

2929.14(B)(1)(a). The State emphasized that while a prison sentence on one offense

can be run concurrently with a community control sentence on another offense, Shield’s

case presented only one offense (with a specification), and there was no authority to

impose a split sentence for the underlying offense and the specification.

{¶ 7} In Becraft, the defendant pled guilty to aggravated robbery, in exchange for

which the State dismissed an accompanying firearm specification and stipulated that

Becraft did not have a firearm during the robbery offense. At the plea hearing, the trial

court informed Becraft that he was eligible for community control, but that the offense

carried a presumption of imprisonment. The trial court recited the facts of the theft

offense and the firearm specification, including facts alleging that Becraft possessed or

used a weapon to facilitate the offense, and informed Becraft that by entering a plea he

was waiving his right to require the State to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, all the -5-

elements of aggravated robbery and the firearm specification. The trial court

acknowledged, however, that the firearm specification had been dismissed. At

sentencing, the trial court imposed nine years in prison and restitution.

{¶ 8} On appeal, Becraft argued that his plea was not knowing, intelligent, and

voluntary, because the court improperly told him that he was eligible for community

control. We held that the trial court’s advisement regarding community control was

correct in Becraft’s case, reasoning:

* * * In the case before us, the facts admitted by Becraft included all

the elements of an Aggravated Robbery offense, including the use of a

deadly weapon (but not necessarily a firearm). Neither the indictment, nor

the admitted facts, included a claim that Becraft used, possessed or had

control of a firearm in the course of the offense. Mandatory imprisonment

or “definite prison terms” are controlled by the provisions of R.C. 2929.13

and 2929.14, which do not include the offense of Aggravated Robbery

under R.C. 2911.01, unless additional factors are present, such as the use

of a firearm. Aggravated Robbery, a violation of R.C. 2911.01, does not

require the use, possession or control of a firearm. Therefore, a conviction

for the offense of Aggravated Robbery, committed with a deadly weapon,

not a firearm, is eligible for community control sanctions. R.C.

2929.13(F)(8) mandates a definite prison term for any felony, other than a

violation of R.C. 2923.12, including the offense of Aggravated Robbery

when the offender “had a firearm on or about the offender’s person or under

the offender’s control while committing the offense” or when the offender is -6-

also charged and convicted of a firearm specification, pursuant to R.C.

2929.14(B)(1)(a).

{¶ 9} Although Becraft focused on when community control was a permissible

sanction for aggravated robbery, it made clear that R.C. 2929.13(F)(8) mandates a prison

term for aggravated robbery when the offense is committed with a firearm. Becraft at ¶

14. Other appellate districts have interpreted R.C 2929.13(F)(8) similarly. State v.

Galvan, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108658, 2020-Ohio-1285, ¶ 20 (“Under R.C.

2929.13(F)(8), the aggravated robbery conviction requires a mandatory prison term

where, as here, the defendant had a firearm on his person while committing the felony.”).

See also, e.g., State v. Wofford, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-180411, 2019-Ohio-2815, ¶ 10.

{¶ 10} We recognize, as argued by Shields, that the Fifth District in Roush has

stated that “R.C. 2929.13(F)(8) requires the firearm specification penalty be made

mandatory, but not the penalty for the underlying offense.” Roush, 5th Dist. Morrow No.

13CA0008, 2014-Ohio-4887, at ¶ 35. However, Roush arose in a different procedural

posture: the defendant appealed from the trial court’s denial of his post-sentencing motion

to correct his 2011 sentence, which included mandatory sentences, pursuant to R.C.

2929.13(F)(8), for attempted aggravated murder and several counts of felonious assault,

each of which had a firearm specification. Roush had not challenged the imposition of

mandatory sentences under R.C. 2929.13(F)(8) on direct appeal. While agreeing with

Roush’s interpretation of R.C. 2929.13(F)(8) that mandatory sentences were not required

for the underlying offenses, the Fifth District ultimately affirmed the trial court’s denial of

Roush’s motion on the ground that Roush’s argument could have been raised on direct

appeal and was barred by res judicata. Under these circumstances, the appellate court’s -7-

holding did not rely on its interpretation of R.C. 2929.13(F)(8) and we find it to be dicta

and unpersuasive.

{¶ 11} Shields pled guilty to aggravated robbery, in violation of R.C. 2911.01(A)(1),

with an accompanying firearm specification. By pleading guilty to the firearm

specification, Shields agreed that he had a firearm on or about his person or under his

control while committing the aggravated robbery. Pursuant to R.C. 2929.13(F)(8), the

trial court was required to impose a prison sentence for Shields’s aggravated robbery

conviction, and it lacked the authority to consider community control. Consequently, we

need not address the case law that Shields discusses in his appellate brief, nor must we

decide the extent to which trial courts may impose community control sanctions and

prison sentences concurrently.

{¶ 12} Shields’s assignment of error is overruled.

{¶ 13} The judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.

TUCKER, P.J. and DONOVAN, J., concur.

Copies sent to:

Mathias H. Heck, Jr. Sarah E. Hutnik Travis T. Dunnington Hon. Mary Katherine Huffman