State v. Shane

465 S.E.2d 640, 195 W. Va. 369, 1995 W. Va. LEXIS 230
CourtWest Virginia Supreme Court
DecidedDecember 7, 1995
DocketNo. 22831
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 465 S.E.2d 640 (State v. Shane) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering West Virginia Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Shane, 465 S.E.2d 640, 195 W. Va. 369, 1995 W. Va. LEXIS 230 (W. Va. 1995).

Opinion

PER CURIAM:

The defendant in this proceeding, Bonnie L. Shane, was sentenced to from one to five years in the State penitentiary after being convicted of felony welfare fraud under W.Va.Code, 9-5-4.1 The sentence was suspended, however, and the defendant was placed on probation for two and one-half years, contingent upon her serving thirty days in the Eastern Regional Jail in Martins-burg, West Virginia. On appeal, the defendant claims that the trial court erred in failing to instruct the jury in her case on the [371]*371lesser included offense of misdemeanor welfare fraud, and, consequently, her conviction should be reversed. After reviewing the issue presented and the record, this Court does not find that the trial court committed reversible error. The defendant’s conviction is, therefore, affirmed.

The evidence in this case shows that the defendant, in September, 1986, applied for welfare benefits in the form of cash and food stamps. On her application, she indicated that she had not worked since July, 1986. In September, 1987, she again filed an application and reported that her only income received had been welfare payments received under the first welfare application. In January, 1988, she filed a third application for further benefits and indicated that her only income was in the form of welfare benefits.

On the basis of the defendant’s applications, the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources issued food stamps and checks for welfare benefits payable to the defendant.

After issuing food stamps and welfare benefits to the defendant, the Department of Health. and Human Resources determined that the defendant had actually worked during the second and third quarters of 1987 (April, May, June, July, August, and September) and during November and December, 1987, and January, 1988, contrary to her representations in her September, 1987, and January, 1988, welfare applications. As a consequence, the defendant was indicted for welfare fraud under W.Va.Code, 9-5-4.2

During the defendant’s subsequent trial, the State introduced evidence showing that in September, 1986, the defendant initially applied for welfare benefits and that subsequently, in September, 1987, and January, 1988, the defendant filed and signed applications for welfare benefits in which she reported no employment income since her previous welfare application. The State also introduced the testimony of Keitha LeMaster, the office manager for Henry’s County Inn, who testified that the defendant worked for that establishment, and was paid for her work, in the second and third quarters of 1987. The State also adduced the testimony of a Ms. Arvin, the owner of an establishment called Ritter’s Club. Ms. Arvin stated that the defendant worked at Ritter’s Club during November and December, 1987. For that work she was paid $550.88.3 Ms. Arvin also personally identified the defendant as the Bonnie L. Shane who had been her employee.

In addition to introducing the foregoing evidence, the State introduced evidence showing that during these periods food stamps had been issued to the defendant in the following amounts:

July, 1987 $149.00
August, 1987 $149.00
September, 1987 $149.00
October, 1987 $159.00
January, 1988 $159.00
February, 1988 $159.00
March, 1988 $159.00

The State also showed that during the same period checks were issued to the defendant, and endorsed by “Bonnie L. Shane,” in the following amounts:

May 1,1987 $201.00
June 1,1987 $201.00
July 1,1987 $201.00
August 1,1987 $201.00
November 1,1987 $201.00
December 1,1987 $201.00
January 1,1988 $201.00

The defendant, through cross-examination, suggested that the welfare checks issued to her might have been stolen and that she might not have actually received them. The State, however, called a handwriting expert, who expressed the opinion that the endorsements on at least certain of the checks were those of the defendant. The State also showed that it had never received any report [372]*372of the defendant’s not receiving welfare checks.

The defendant herself did not testify, and she called no witnesses in the case. At the conclusion of the State’s case, defense counsel moved that the trial court give a lesser included offense instruction, which would have allowed the jury to find the defendant guilty of misdemeanor welfare fraud in lieu of finding her guilty of felony welfare fraud. This was refused by the trial court and, as earlier noted, this is the sole ground for appeal.

Under our law, two circumstances must be present before a defendant in a criminal proceeding is entitled to the giving of a lesser included offense instruction. First, there must be a lesser included offense in the crime charged contained in the indictment which meets the standard contained in syllabus point 1 of State v. Louk, 169 W.Va. 24, 285 S.E.2d 482 (1981):

The test of determining whether a particular offense is a lesser included offense is that the lesser offense must be such that it is impossible to commit the greater offense without first having committed the lesser offense. An offense is not a lesser included offense if it requires the inclusion of an element not required in the greater offense.

See also State v. Hays, 185 W.Va. 664, 408 S.E.2d 614 (1991); State v. Johnson, 179 W.Va. 619, 371 S.E.2d 340 (1988); State v. Wallace, 175 W.Va. 663, 337 S.E.2d 321 (1985); and State v. Wyer, 173 W.Va. 720, 320 S.E.2d 92 (1984).

Additionally, the evidence introduced at trial must be such that it creates an evidentiary dispute on the elements of the greater offense which are different from the elements of the lesser included offense, as we stated in syllabus point 2 of State v. Neider, 170 W.Va. 662, 295 S.E.2d 902 (1982), as follows:

Where there is no evidentiary dispute or insufficiency on the elements of the greater offense which are different from the elements of the lesser included offense, then the defendant is not entitled to a lesser included offense instruction.

See also State v. Hays, supra; State v. Murray, 180 W.Va. 41, 375 S.E.2d 405 (1988); State v. Thompson, 176 W.Va. 300, 342 S.E.2d 268 (1986); and State v. Gum, 172 W.Va. 534, 309 S.E.2d 32 (1983).

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
465 S.E.2d 640, 195 W. Va. 369, 1995 W. Va. LEXIS 230, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-shane-wva-1995.