December 10 2013
DA 13-0343
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2013 MT 372N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
DANNY SARTAIN,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighteenth Judicial District, In and For the County of Gallatin, Cause No. DC 08-86B Honorable Mike Salvagni, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Danny Sartain, self-represented; Deer Lodge, Montana
For Appellee:
Timothy C. Fox, Montana Attorney General, Micheal S. Wellenstein, Assistant Attorney General; Helena, Montana
Marty Lambert, Gallatin County Attorney; Bozeman, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: November 13, 2013 Decided: December 10, 2013
Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice Michael E Wheat delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not serve
as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s
quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Danny Sartain (Sartain) was found guilty of burglary, designated a persistent felony
offender, and sentenced to forty years in the Montana State Prison. He appealed his
conviction to this Court. We affirmed. State v. Sartain (Sartain I), 2010 MT 213, 357 Mont.
483, 241 P.3d 1032. The U.S. Supreme Court denied Sartain’s petition for a writ of
certiorari. Sartain v. Montana, 131 S. Ct. 1514 (February 22, 2011). Sartain then filed a
petition for postconviction relief, raising primarily ineffective assistance of counsel (IAC)
claims. The District Court dismissed Sartain’s petition with prejudice and we affirmed.
Sartain v. State (Sartain II), 2012 MT 164, 365 Mont. 483, 285 P.3d 407. On March 29,
2013, Sartain filed a Petition for Performance of Fingerprint Analysis and Testing. The
District Court denied Sartain’s petition with prejudice. Sartain appealed. We affirm.
¶3 The question of whether Sartain’s due process rights were violated is a question of
law. See State v. Strand, 286 Mont. 122, 124, 951 P.2d 552, 553 (1997) (overruled in part on
other grounds by State v. Minkoff, 2002 MT 29, ¶ 23, 308 Mont. 248, 42 P.3d 223). We
review a district court’s findings of fact to determine if they are clearly erroneous and its
conclusions of law to determine if they are correct. Sartain II, ¶ 9. This Court will affirm a
district court decision when it reaches the right result, even though the court’s reasoning is
not entirely correct. State v. Shepard, 2010 MT 20, ¶ 9, 355 Mont. 114, 225 P.3d 1217.
2 ¶4 The District Court’s order provided that “[r]ecord based issues, such as insufficiency
of the evidence presented by the State, should have been included in Defendant’s direct
appeal[.]” The court concluded that the fingerprint claims should have been raised in
Sartain’s direct appeal. The court reasoned that Sartain’s extensive knowledge of all aspects
of the case belied his “self-serving” contention that he had recently discovered the need for
fingerprint analysis. Moreover, because Sartain did not raise the need for fingerprint testing
in his Petition or Amended Petition for postconviction relief, he was barred from raising the
claim. The District Court explained, even if it were to consider whether Sartain’s fingerprint
testing claim might constitute “newly-discovered” evidence, the claim would fail the five
part test set forth in Crosby v. State, 2006 MT 155, ¶ 19, 332 Mont. 460, 139 P.3d 832.
Finally, the District Court held that no “fundamental miscarriage of justice” occurred.
¶5 In his appellate brief, Sartain contends that the District Court erred in refusing his
petition and that the error resulted in violation of Sartain’s right to due process. Sartain
alleges that if the fingerprints collected at the scene did not match his fingerprints, no
reasonable juror could have found him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. He argues that his
trial counsel erroneously told him that no prints from the scene of the crime had been
developed. By wrongly informing him that no fingerprint evidence existed, Sartain alleges,
his trial counsel fell below a reasonable standard of performance, violating his Sixth
Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel. Sartain argues that because the jury was
not able to see the allegedly exculpatory fingerprint evidence, his Fourteenth Amendment
right to due process was violated. He also argues for the first time on appeal that, by not
turning over the allegedly exculpatory fingerprint evidence to Sartain, the prosecution
3 violated his rights under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87, 83 S. Ct. 1194, 1196-97
(1963). Sartain contends we should consider his untimely petition because the failure to
analyze these fingerprints would result in a fundamental miscarriage of justice. In addition,
Sartain alleges that by adopting verbatim the State’s proposed findings, the District Court
cast the credibility of those findings in doubt and violated his right to due process.
¶6 The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects individuals
from State action that would deprive them of life, liberty, or property without due process of
law. U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1. Montana’s Constitution also provides for a right of due
process. Mont. Const. art. II, § 17. A person accused of a criminal offense has a due process
right to obtain existing exculpatory evidence. Minkoff, ¶ 9.
¶7 Montana law contains procedural provisions that define a criminal defendant’s right to
due process. Section 46-20-104, MCA, provides that a defendant may only appeal from a
final judgment of conviction and from orders after judgment that affect the defendant’s
substantial rights. Where a defendant who contests his or her conviction has no adequate
remedy of direct appeal, the defendant may still petition for postconviction relief, pursuant to
§ 46-21-101, MCA. Direct appeals and petitions for postconviction relief are subject to
certain time limitations.
¶8 Here, the District Court correctly held that the need for fingerprint testing and analysis
should have been raised on direct appeal. If, for some reason, it could not be raised on direct
appeal, it should have been raised either in the petition for postconviction relief or in the
amended petition for postconviction relief. Likewise, Sartain’s claim as to his counsel’s
assistance should have been raised in a petition for postconviction relief. Sartain’s Brady
4 claim is barred because he raised it for the first time in his appellate brief. See State v.
Ferguson, 2005 MT 343, ¶ 38, 330 Mont. 103, 126 P.3d 463 (this Court will not consider
new legal theories raised for the first time on appeal).
¶9 Section 46-21-102(2), MCA, provides an exception to the time limitations governing
direct appeal and postconviction relief where newly discovered evidence could exonerate a
petitioner:
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December 10 2013
DA 13-0343
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2013 MT 372N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
DANNY SARTAIN,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighteenth Judicial District, In and For the County of Gallatin, Cause No. DC 08-86B Honorable Mike Salvagni, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Danny Sartain, self-represented; Deer Lodge, Montana
For Appellee:
Timothy C. Fox, Montana Attorney General, Micheal S. Wellenstein, Assistant Attorney General; Helena, Montana
Marty Lambert, Gallatin County Attorney; Bozeman, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: November 13, 2013 Decided: December 10, 2013
Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice Michael E Wheat delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not serve
as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s
quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Danny Sartain (Sartain) was found guilty of burglary, designated a persistent felony
offender, and sentenced to forty years in the Montana State Prison. He appealed his
conviction to this Court. We affirmed. State v. Sartain (Sartain I), 2010 MT 213, 357 Mont.
483, 241 P.3d 1032. The U.S. Supreme Court denied Sartain’s petition for a writ of
certiorari. Sartain v. Montana, 131 S. Ct. 1514 (February 22, 2011). Sartain then filed a
petition for postconviction relief, raising primarily ineffective assistance of counsel (IAC)
claims. The District Court dismissed Sartain’s petition with prejudice and we affirmed.
Sartain v. State (Sartain II), 2012 MT 164, 365 Mont. 483, 285 P.3d 407. On March 29,
2013, Sartain filed a Petition for Performance of Fingerprint Analysis and Testing. The
District Court denied Sartain’s petition with prejudice. Sartain appealed. We affirm.
¶3 The question of whether Sartain’s due process rights were violated is a question of
law. See State v. Strand, 286 Mont. 122, 124, 951 P.2d 552, 553 (1997) (overruled in part on
other grounds by State v. Minkoff, 2002 MT 29, ¶ 23, 308 Mont. 248, 42 P.3d 223). We
review a district court’s findings of fact to determine if they are clearly erroneous and its
conclusions of law to determine if they are correct. Sartain II, ¶ 9. This Court will affirm a
district court decision when it reaches the right result, even though the court’s reasoning is
not entirely correct. State v. Shepard, 2010 MT 20, ¶ 9, 355 Mont. 114, 225 P.3d 1217.
2 ¶4 The District Court’s order provided that “[r]ecord based issues, such as insufficiency
of the evidence presented by the State, should have been included in Defendant’s direct
appeal[.]” The court concluded that the fingerprint claims should have been raised in
Sartain’s direct appeal. The court reasoned that Sartain’s extensive knowledge of all aspects
of the case belied his “self-serving” contention that he had recently discovered the need for
fingerprint analysis. Moreover, because Sartain did not raise the need for fingerprint testing
in his Petition or Amended Petition for postconviction relief, he was barred from raising the
claim. The District Court explained, even if it were to consider whether Sartain’s fingerprint
testing claim might constitute “newly-discovered” evidence, the claim would fail the five
part test set forth in Crosby v. State, 2006 MT 155, ¶ 19, 332 Mont. 460, 139 P.3d 832.
Finally, the District Court held that no “fundamental miscarriage of justice” occurred.
¶5 In his appellate brief, Sartain contends that the District Court erred in refusing his
petition and that the error resulted in violation of Sartain’s right to due process. Sartain
alleges that if the fingerprints collected at the scene did not match his fingerprints, no
reasonable juror could have found him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. He argues that his
trial counsel erroneously told him that no prints from the scene of the crime had been
developed. By wrongly informing him that no fingerprint evidence existed, Sartain alleges,
his trial counsel fell below a reasonable standard of performance, violating his Sixth
Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel. Sartain argues that because the jury was
not able to see the allegedly exculpatory fingerprint evidence, his Fourteenth Amendment
right to due process was violated. He also argues for the first time on appeal that, by not
turning over the allegedly exculpatory fingerprint evidence to Sartain, the prosecution
3 violated his rights under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87, 83 S. Ct. 1194, 1196-97
(1963). Sartain contends we should consider his untimely petition because the failure to
analyze these fingerprints would result in a fundamental miscarriage of justice. In addition,
Sartain alleges that by adopting verbatim the State’s proposed findings, the District Court
cast the credibility of those findings in doubt and violated his right to due process.
¶6 The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects individuals
from State action that would deprive them of life, liberty, or property without due process of
law. U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1. Montana’s Constitution also provides for a right of due
process. Mont. Const. art. II, § 17. A person accused of a criminal offense has a due process
right to obtain existing exculpatory evidence. Minkoff, ¶ 9.
¶7 Montana law contains procedural provisions that define a criminal defendant’s right to
due process. Section 46-20-104, MCA, provides that a defendant may only appeal from a
final judgment of conviction and from orders after judgment that affect the defendant’s
substantial rights. Where a defendant who contests his or her conviction has no adequate
remedy of direct appeal, the defendant may still petition for postconviction relief, pursuant to
§ 46-21-101, MCA. Direct appeals and petitions for postconviction relief are subject to
certain time limitations.
¶8 Here, the District Court correctly held that the need for fingerprint testing and analysis
should have been raised on direct appeal. If, for some reason, it could not be raised on direct
appeal, it should have been raised either in the petition for postconviction relief or in the
amended petition for postconviction relief. Likewise, Sartain’s claim as to his counsel’s
assistance should have been raised in a petition for postconviction relief. Sartain’s Brady
4 claim is barred because he raised it for the first time in his appellate brief. See State v.
Ferguson, 2005 MT 343, ¶ 38, 330 Mont. 103, 126 P.3d 463 (this Court will not consider
new legal theories raised for the first time on appeal).
¶9 Section 46-21-102(2), MCA, provides an exception to the time limitations governing
direct appeal and postconviction relief where newly discovered evidence could exonerate a
petitioner:
A claim that alleges the existence of newly discovered evidence that, if proved and viewed in light of the evidence as a whole would establish that the petitioner did not engage in the criminal conduct for which the petitioner was convicted, may be raised in a petition filed within 1 year of the date on which the conviction becomes final or the date on which the petitioner discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the existence of the evidence, whichever is later.
If a fundamental miscarriage of justice has occurred—that is, the new evidence shows it is
more likely than not that no reasonable jury would have voted to find a defendant guilty
beyond a reasonable doubt—a court may address an otherwise procedurally-barred petition
for postconviction relief. State v. Beach, 2013 MT 130, ¶¶ 95, 122-24, 370 Mont. 163, 302
P.3d 47 (McKinnon, Baker, Rice, JJ. & Simonton, J., concurring).
¶10 The District Court correctly concluded that Sartain cannot meet the fundamental
miscarriage of justice exception to the time limitations. There is no basis for asserting that a
reasonable jury would not have convicted Sartain with the additional fingerprint analysis
evidence working in his favor when defendants are often convicted without any fingerprint
evidence. The State presented a tremendous amount of evidence linking Sartain to the crime.
As the District Court pointed out:
5 Defendant broke into a house in the middle of the day and was caught within minutes near the scene of the crime. This case is not one in which Defendant has any legitimate claim that he is “actually innocent.”
The District Court correctly concluded that no fundamental miscarriage of justice has
occurred here.
¶11 As a final note, the State’s brief correctly observes that while we have discouraged
district courts from adopting verbatim the findings of the prevailing party, such adoption
does not constitute error per se. The District Court did not err.
¶12 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d) of our
Internal Operating Rules, which provides for noncitable memorandum opinions. The issues
in this case are controlled by the statutes and precedent, which the District Court correctly
interpreted and applied.
¶13 Affirmed.
/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT
We Concur:
/S/ MIKE McGRATH /S/ BETH BAKER /S/ LAURIE McKINNON /S/ JIM RICE