IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
STATE OF DELAWARE, ) ) ) v. ) ID No. 1407011336 ) CR. A. Nos. IN14-07-2365, etc. ) MARCUS ROSSER, ) ) Defendant. )
Submitted: June 20, 2016 Decided: August 9, 2016
ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REDUCE SENTENCE
This 9th day of August, 2016, upon consideration of Defendant
Marcus Rosser’s Motion for Sentence Reduction and the record in this
matter, it appears to the Court that:
(1) On May 4, 2015, following a four-day trial, a Superior Court
jury convicted the Defendant Marcus Rosser (“Rosser”) of Assault in the
First Degree, Robbery in the First Degree, Carrying a Concealed Deadly
Weapon, Possession of a Firearm by a Person Prohibited (“PFPP”), and two
counts of Possession of a Firearm During the Commission of a Felony
(“PFDCF”).1 On August 21, 2015, the Superior Court sentenced Rosser to a
1 DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 11, § 613 (2014) (assault in the first degree, class B felony); id. at § 832 (robbery in the first degree); id. at § 1442 (carry a concealed deadly weapon); total period of 40 years at Level V incarceration, to be suspended after
serving 18 years in prison for decreasing levels of supervision. 2
(2) Rosser filed a direct appeal to the Delaware Supreme Court,
arguing that: (a) he was unfairly prejudiced by the joinder of charges from
two separate indictments into a single trial; (b) the PFPP charge should have
been bifurcated; (c) one of the State’s witness was not competent because he
was coerced into testifying; and (d) the evidence was insufficient to support
his convictions. 3 The Supreme Court found Rosser’s claims lacked merit
and affirmed this Court’s judgment. 4
(3) Rosser has now docketed the present motion under Superior
Court Criminal Rule 35(b) requesting reduction of his three-year term for his
First Degree Robbery charge to two years.5 According to Rosser, his
id. at § 1448(e)(2)(PFPP); id. at § 1447A (PFDCF). See Rosser v. State, 2016 WL 1436604, *1 (Del. April 5, 2016) (recounting the facts of the two criminal episodes that led to Rosser’s convictions). 2 Sentencing Order, State v. Marcus Rosser, ID No. 1407011336 (Del. Super. Ct. Aug. 21, 2015) (D.I. 70). 3 Rosser, 2016 WL 1436604 at *1. 4 Id. at *1-*3. 5 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 35(b) (providing that, under certain conditions, the court may reduce a sentence of imprisonment on an inmate’s motion); Jones v. State, 2003 WL 21210348, at *1 (Del. May 22, 2003) (“There is no separate procedure, other than that which is provided under Superior Court Criminal Rule 35, to reduce or modify a sentence.”).
-2- incarcerative term should be reduced because it is “overly excessive and
burdensome.” 6 He argues that he received an extra year of imprisonment for
behavior related to jury tampering, of which neither he nor any associate was
convicted.7
(4) Rosser is correct that the State did not bring formal charges for
jury tampering against him. However, while the Court was in recess for the
weekend during trial, the State informed the Court of suspicious information
indicating that Rosser’s then-girlfriend and her mother had spoken with a
juror while out-of-court.8 In support, the State submitted two audio
recordings of Rosser’s phone calls. 9 During the first call, dated April 29,
2015 (the first day of trial), Rosser’s girlfriend and her mother tell Rosser
that they know one of the jurors from the juror’s employment at Walmart.10
Rosser implores them not to repeat this because he knows the State is
recording his calls. 11
6 Def.’s Rule 35(b) Mot. 2. 7 Id. at 4 (“Attachment”). 8 See May 4, 2015 Tr. Trans. 3-4. 9 Rosser was detained in lieu of bail. See Court’s Tr. Ex. 2 (audio recordings of calls between Rosser in the detention facility and his girlfriend). 10 Id. (“I know one of the ladies . . . in the jury. . . ”). 11 Id.
-3- (5) The second call, recorded on May 1st, occurs between Rosser
and his girlfriend while she is in the same Walmart. Rosser says “since y’all
at Walmart, y’all might as well, y’all feel me? I don’t know if you want to
go about that though.” 12 In learning that the girlfriend is with and has
spoken to the juror, Rosser states, “I guess y’all got it under control.” 13 The
girlfriend responds that the juror knows the girlfriend’s mother and that
“hopefully she has made her decision.”14
(6) On Monday, May 4, 2015, prior to resuming trial, the Court
conducted a voir dire of the juror referenced in the phone calls. The juror
testified that she had spoken with both women while she was working at
Walmart, but that the interaction was a mere passing of pleasantries.15
(7) Because her statements contradicted the audio recordings
(which included recorded interaction between the juror, the girlfriend, and
the girlfriend’s mother), the Court dismissed the juror and conducted a voir
dire of the entire jury panel. Finding no evidence of further interactions
12 Id. (all quotes are approximate due to diminished audio quality). 13 Id. 14 Id. 15 See May 4, 2015 Tr. Trans. 4-9.
-4- with jurors, no others were dismissed. The jury ultimately convicted Rosser
of all charges.
(8) At sentencing, the Court sentenced Rosser to serve 18 years
Level V supervision – one year above the mandatory minimum sentence of
17 years.16 The Court added the additional year, in part, as a result of the
attempted juror tampering that occurred during trial. 17
(9) In reviewing Rosser’s motion for sentence reduction under Rule
35(b), the Court may consider the motion “without presentation, hearing or
argument.” 18 The Court will decide this motion on the papers filed.
(10) When considering motions for sentence reduction, this Court
addresses any applicable procedural bars before turning to the merits.19
Rosser was sentenced on August 21, 2015; his sentence reduction motion
was docketed on June 20, 2016 – that is, more than nine months after the
imposition of his sentence.
16 See Sentencing Tr. 13-14 (Aug. 21, 2015). 17 Id. at 12 (The Court explained at sentencing “. . . when someone engages in an attempt to tamper with a juror or tamper with [the Court’s] procedure and what is going on here, which is here for the purposes of protecting your rights, then the Court has to react.”). 18 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 35(b). 19 State v. Redden, 111 A.3d 602, 606 (Del. Super. Ct. 2015).
-5- (11) After 90 days have elapsed from sentencing, an inmate seeking
to reduce a sentence of imprisonment on his own motion must demonstrate
“extraordinary circumstances” for the granting of relief under Criminal Rule
35(b).20 This is because Rule 35(b) provides that the Court may reduce a
sentence upon application outside of 90 days of the imposition of the
sentence only in extraordinary circumstances 21 or pursuant to 11 Del. C. §
4217. 22
(12) In order to uphold the finality of sentencing judgments, a heavy
burden is placed on the defendant to prove extraordinary circumstances
when a reduction motion is filed outside of 90 days of the sentence’s
imposition. 23 The term “extraordinary circumstances” is generally defined
20 Sample v. State, 2012 WL 193761, at *1 (Del. Jan. 23, 2012) (“Under Rule 35(b), the Superior Court only has discretion to reduce a sentence upon motion made within 90 days of the imposition of sentence, unless ‘extraordinary circumstances’ are shown.”); State v. Laboy, 2003 WL 21517974, at *4-5 (Del. Super. Ct.
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IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
STATE OF DELAWARE, ) ) ) v. ) ID No. 1407011336 ) CR. A. Nos. IN14-07-2365, etc. ) MARCUS ROSSER, ) ) Defendant. )
Submitted: June 20, 2016 Decided: August 9, 2016
ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REDUCE SENTENCE
This 9th day of August, 2016, upon consideration of Defendant
Marcus Rosser’s Motion for Sentence Reduction and the record in this
matter, it appears to the Court that:
(1) On May 4, 2015, following a four-day trial, a Superior Court
jury convicted the Defendant Marcus Rosser (“Rosser”) of Assault in the
First Degree, Robbery in the First Degree, Carrying a Concealed Deadly
Weapon, Possession of a Firearm by a Person Prohibited (“PFPP”), and two
counts of Possession of a Firearm During the Commission of a Felony
(“PFDCF”).1 On August 21, 2015, the Superior Court sentenced Rosser to a
1 DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 11, § 613 (2014) (assault in the first degree, class B felony); id. at § 832 (robbery in the first degree); id. at § 1442 (carry a concealed deadly weapon); total period of 40 years at Level V incarceration, to be suspended after
serving 18 years in prison for decreasing levels of supervision. 2
(2) Rosser filed a direct appeal to the Delaware Supreme Court,
arguing that: (a) he was unfairly prejudiced by the joinder of charges from
two separate indictments into a single trial; (b) the PFPP charge should have
been bifurcated; (c) one of the State’s witness was not competent because he
was coerced into testifying; and (d) the evidence was insufficient to support
his convictions. 3 The Supreme Court found Rosser’s claims lacked merit
and affirmed this Court’s judgment. 4
(3) Rosser has now docketed the present motion under Superior
Court Criminal Rule 35(b) requesting reduction of his three-year term for his
First Degree Robbery charge to two years.5 According to Rosser, his
id. at § 1448(e)(2)(PFPP); id. at § 1447A (PFDCF). See Rosser v. State, 2016 WL 1436604, *1 (Del. April 5, 2016) (recounting the facts of the two criminal episodes that led to Rosser’s convictions). 2 Sentencing Order, State v. Marcus Rosser, ID No. 1407011336 (Del. Super. Ct. Aug. 21, 2015) (D.I. 70). 3 Rosser, 2016 WL 1436604 at *1. 4 Id. at *1-*3. 5 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 35(b) (providing that, under certain conditions, the court may reduce a sentence of imprisonment on an inmate’s motion); Jones v. State, 2003 WL 21210348, at *1 (Del. May 22, 2003) (“There is no separate procedure, other than that which is provided under Superior Court Criminal Rule 35, to reduce or modify a sentence.”).
-2- incarcerative term should be reduced because it is “overly excessive and
burdensome.” 6 He argues that he received an extra year of imprisonment for
behavior related to jury tampering, of which neither he nor any associate was
convicted.7
(4) Rosser is correct that the State did not bring formal charges for
jury tampering against him. However, while the Court was in recess for the
weekend during trial, the State informed the Court of suspicious information
indicating that Rosser’s then-girlfriend and her mother had spoken with a
juror while out-of-court.8 In support, the State submitted two audio
recordings of Rosser’s phone calls. 9 During the first call, dated April 29,
2015 (the first day of trial), Rosser’s girlfriend and her mother tell Rosser
that they know one of the jurors from the juror’s employment at Walmart.10
Rosser implores them not to repeat this because he knows the State is
recording his calls. 11
6 Def.’s Rule 35(b) Mot. 2. 7 Id. at 4 (“Attachment”). 8 See May 4, 2015 Tr. Trans. 3-4. 9 Rosser was detained in lieu of bail. See Court’s Tr. Ex. 2 (audio recordings of calls between Rosser in the detention facility and his girlfriend). 10 Id. (“I know one of the ladies . . . in the jury. . . ”). 11 Id.
-3- (5) The second call, recorded on May 1st, occurs between Rosser
and his girlfriend while she is in the same Walmart. Rosser says “since y’all
at Walmart, y’all might as well, y’all feel me? I don’t know if you want to
go about that though.” 12 In learning that the girlfriend is with and has
spoken to the juror, Rosser states, “I guess y’all got it under control.” 13 The
girlfriend responds that the juror knows the girlfriend’s mother and that
“hopefully she has made her decision.”14
(6) On Monday, May 4, 2015, prior to resuming trial, the Court
conducted a voir dire of the juror referenced in the phone calls. The juror
testified that she had spoken with both women while she was working at
Walmart, but that the interaction was a mere passing of pleasantries.15
(7) Because her statements contradicted the audio recordings
(which included recorded interaction between the juror, the girlfriend, and
the girlfriend’s mother), the Court dismissed the juror and conducted a voir
dire of the entire jury panel. Finding no evidence of further interactions
12 Id. (all quotes are approximate due to diminished audio quality). 13 Id. 14 Id. 15 See May 4, 2015 Tr. Trans. 4-9.
-4- with jurors, no others were dismissed. The jury ultimately convicted Rosser
of all charges.
(8) At sentencing, the Court sentenced Rosser to serve 18 years
Level V supervision – one year above the mandatory minimum sentence of
17 years.16 The Court added the additional year, in part, as a result of the
attempted juror tampering that occurred during trial. 17
(9) In reviewing Rosser’s motion for sentence reduction under Rule
35(b), the Court may consider the motion “without presentation, hearing or
argument.” 18 The Court will decide this motion on the papers filed.
(10) When considering motions for sentence reduction, this Court
addresses any applicable procedural bars before turning to the merits.19
Rosser was sentenced on August 21, 2015; his sentence reduction motion
was docketed on June 20, 2016 – that is, more than nine months after the
imposition of his sentence.
16 See Sentencing Tr. 13-14 (Aug. 21, 2015). 17 Id. at 12 (The Court explained at sentencing “. . . when someone engages in an attempt to tamper with a juror or tamper with [the Court’s] procedure and what is going on here, which is here for the purposes of protecting your rights, then the Court has to react.”). 18 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 35(b). 19 State v. Redden, 111 A.3d 602, 606 (Del. Super. Ct. 2015).
-5- (11) After 90 days have elapsed from sentencing, an inmate seeking
to reduce a sentence of imprisonment on his own motion must demonstrate
“extraordinary circumstances” for the granting of relief under Criminal Rule
35(b).20 This is because Rule 35(b) provides that the Court may reduce a
sentence upon application outside of 90 days of the imposition of the
sentence only in extraordinary circumstances 21 or pursuant to 11 Del. C. §
4217. 22
(12) In order to uphold the finality of sentencing judgments, a heavy
burden is placed on the defendant to prove extraordinary circumstances
when a reduction motion is filed outside of 90 days of the sentence’s
imposition. 23 The term “extraordinary circumstances” is generally defined
20 Sample v. State, 2012 WL 193761, at *1 (Del. Jan. 23, 2012) (“Under Rule 35(b), the Superior Court only has discretion to reduce a sentence upon motion made within 90 days of the imposition of sentence, unless ‘extraordinary circumstances’ are shown.”); State v. Laboy, 2003 WL 21517974, at *4-5 (Del. Super. Ct. July 1, 2003) (explaining that Rule 35(b)’s “90-day time bar” and the “‘extraordinary circumstances’ exception” thereto). 21 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 35(b) (“The court will consider an application [to reduce a sentence of imprisonment] made more than 90 days after the imposition of sentence only in extraordinary circumstances . . . .”). 22 Id. (“The court will consider an application [to reduce a sentence of imprisonment] made more than 90 days after the imposition of sentence [or] only . . . pursuant to 11 Del. C. § 4217.”). DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 11, § 4217 (2014) (permits the Department of Correction to apply for an offender’s sentence modification); Woods v. State, 2003 WL 1857616, at *1 (Del. Apr. 8, 2003) (Department of Correction has sole discretion to file such a petition). 23 Diaz v. State, 2015 WL 1741768, at *2 (Del. Apr. 15, 2015); Redden, 111 A.3d at 607.
-6- as “[a] highly unusual set of facts that are not commonly associated with a
particular thing or event.” 24 And in the Rule 35(b) context, “extraordinary
circumstances” are those which “specifically justify the delay;” are “entirely
beyond a petitioner’s control;” and “have prevented the applicant from
seeking the remedy on a timely basis.”25
(13) Rosser fails to allege grounds that substantiate the express
“extraordinary circumstances” exception to overcome Rule 35(b)’s time-bar.
He essentially claims that his sentence was excessive. But he offers no
explanation as to why this claim could not have been filed within the 90-day
time limit established under Rule 35(b). The Court does not find any
indication of an extraordinary circumstance that would permit the Court’s
consideration of his claims. 26
24 Diaz, 2015 WL 1741768 at *2 (citing Black’s Law Dictionary (10th ed. 2014)). 25 Id.; State v. Remedio, 108 A.3d 326, 332 (Del. Super. Ct. 2014). 26 State v. Donohue, 2008 WL 5206779, at *3 (Del. Super. Ct. Dec. 4, 2008), aff’d, 972 A.2d 311 (Del. 2009) (rejecting defendant’s argument that an excessive sentence qualified as an extraordinary circumstance).
-7- (14) Accordingly, the Court must deny Rosser’s motion to reduce
his sentence.27
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that Marcus Rosser’s
Motion for Reduction of Sentence is DENIED.
_/s/ Paul R. Wallace ___ Paul R. Wallace, Judge Original to Prothonotary
cc: Sonia Augusthy, Deputy Attorney General Mr. Marcus Rosser, pro se Investigative Services Office
27 Besides, Rosser’s claim is substantively without merit. Under Delaware law, a sentencing judge has broad discretion to determine the appropriate sentence and may consider a broad range of information “pertaining to a defendant’s . . . behavior which is not confined exclusively to conduct for which that defendant was convicted.” Lake v. State, 1984 WL 997111, at *1 (Del. Oct. 29, 1984); Mayes v. State, 604 A.2d 839, 842 (Del. 1992). See also Jenkins v. State, 2005 WL 2475720, *2-3 (Del. 2005). Our supreme court has held that “[w]hen a sentence is within the statutory limits, [it] will not find error unless it is clear that the sentence was unconstitutional or was based upon factual predicates which are either false, impermissible, or lack minimum indicia of reliability.” Siple v. State, 701 A.2d 79, 86 (Del. 1997). Rosser’s sentence was well within the statutory limits. The Court explained its reasoning for imposing an additional year of incarceration. And there is no evidence that the sentence was not a “logical deliberative product of an open-minded jurist” or that the Court did not carefully consider Rosser’s disposition. Id. In short, even if the Court could exercise the same discretion it might have when considering a timely Rule 35(b) motion, the Court’s sentencing judgment would remain the same.
-8-