State v. Rogers

2013 Ohio 1865

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Rogers, 2013-Ohio-1865.]

COURT OF APPEALS MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellant : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. -vs- : : Case No. CT2012-0042 DAVID N. ROGERS : : : Defendant-Appellee : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Muskingum County Court, Case No. CRB 0900585

JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: May 3, 2013

APPEARANCES:

For Appellant: For Appellee: MICHAEL HADDOX DAVID N. ROGERS, pro se MUSKINGUM CO. PROSECUTOR 1321 Cooper Mill Road MARIA N. KALIS Zanesville, OH 43701 27 North 5th Street Zanesville, OH 43701 [Cite as State v. Rogers, 2013-Ohio-1865.]

Delaney, P.J.

{¶1} Appellant State of Ohio appeals from the judgment entry of the

Muskingum County Court granting the application of appellee David N. Rogers to seal

the record of his conviction.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

{¶2} A statement of the facts underlying appellant's original conviction is

unnecessary to our disposition of this appeal, which originated with appellee’s pro se

“Motion” of May 18, 2012 asking the trial court to “seal the record of conviction from

case no 0900585 and CVB09585 namely the charge of weapon while intoxicated ***.”

{¶3} Appellant responded with a Memorandum in Opposition on the basis

appellant is not a “First Offender” and stating in pertinent part:

* * * *.

The State would object to the sealing of this conviction for the

following reason: it would appear from [appellee’s] criminal history

that applicant does not qualify as a first offender; convictions are

noted for a 1984 OVI conviction from Zanesville Municipal Court

and a 1982 OVI conviction from Muskingum County Court. The

Court should have a copy of [appellee’s] CCH in its file; also,

please see attached dockets from Zanesville Municipal Court and

a certified copy of the docket from Muskingum County Court.

{¶4} The original Memorandum in Opposition contained in the record does not

include any attachments. Nor were we able to find any docket in the record from Muskingum County, Case No. CT2012-0042 3

Zanesville Municipal Court or Muskingum County Court, nor any other document or

exhibit reflecting appellee’s alleged past convictions.

{¶5} A hearing was held on June 28, 2012. The record of the hearing is

before us, and it consists almost entirely of the trial court explaining the process of

expungement to appellee. The trial court noted appellant would have to establish

appellee’s prior convictions. No exhibits were offered by either party and the trial

court gave appellee 10 days to provide additional information.

{¶6} Appellee provided a pro se “Memorandum” dated July 2, 2012 to which

is attached a letter from the Clerk of the Zanesville Municipal Court stating the

following: “Please be advised that David Rogers came into my office on June 28,

2012 requesting information from a 1984 OVI case in the Zanesville Municipal Court.

Those records were destroyed years ago and that information is no longer available.”

{¶7} On August 10, 2012 the trial court issued a Judgment Entry granting

appellee’s application to seal the record of his conviction. Appellant timely appeals

from the trial court’s Judgment Entry.

{¶8} Appellant raises one Assignment of Error:

{¶9} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY GRANTING THE EXPUNGEMENT

REQUEST OF DEFENDANT/APPELLEE, DAVID N. ROGERS, AS HE WAS NOT A

FIRST TIME OFFENDER AND WAS INELIGIBLE FOR EXPUNGEMENT.”

I.

{¶10} Appellant asserts the trial court improperly granted appellee’s application

to seal the record of his conviction. We agree. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2012-0042 4

{¶11} The version of R.C. 2953.32 in effect at the time of the court’s ruling1

permits sealing of the record of a “first offender,” defined in R.C. 2953.31(A)2 as

“anyone who has been convicted of an offense in this state or any other jurisdiction

and who previously or subsequently has not been convicted of the same or a different

offense in this state or any other jurisdiction * * * *.” Moreover, “* * * a trial court lacks

jurisdiction to order expungement if the applicant was not a first offender.” State v.

May, 72 Ohio App.3d 664, 667, 595 N.E.2d 980 (8th Dist.1991); State v. Coleman,

117 Ohio App.3d 726, 691 N.E.2d 369 (1st Dist.1997); State v. McCoy, 10th Dist. No.

04AP-121, 2004-Ohio-6726, ¶ 11 [“* * *[t]he issue is appropriately considered on

appeal, as the first offender requirement of R.C. 2953.32 is jurisdictional.”].

{¶12} We have thoroughly reviewed the transcript of the hearing and the entire

record of the underlying case, and disagree with the State’s characterization that the

trial court “acknowledged that [appellee], in fact, was not a first time offender by

referencing a prior conviction for OVI.” The status of appellee’s prior conviction, if it

exists, is not evident from the record. Although it would be helpful had appellant

submitted certified copies of the convictions(s) upon which its objection and

subsequent appeal is based, we recognize, however, that appellant is not required to

do so and need only register its objection to appellee’s application to seal. It has been

held that the state need not submit a certified copy of a defendant’s prior convictions

which would defeat the defendant’s status as a first-time offender. May, supra, 72

Ohio App.3d at 667. R.C. 2953.32(B) indicates that to oppose the application for

1 R.C. 2953.32 was amended effective September 28, 2012. The amended statute broadens the class of those who may apply to have their records sealed from “first offenders” to “eligible offenders.” Muskingum County, Case No. CT2012-0042 5

expungement, the prosecutor need only file an objection with the court, prior to the

day of hearing, and specify in the objection the reasons which justify denial of the

application.

{¶13} The status of the applicant as a first offender is essential to jurisdiction of

the trial court, however, and the obligation rests with the court to determine whether

defendant is an eligible offender. The trial court did not make such finding in this

case. The version of R.C. 2953.32 in effect at the time of the hearing states in

pertinent part:

(A)(1) Except as provided in section 2953.61 of the Revised Code,

a first offender may apply to the sentencing court if convicted in

this state* * *for the sealing of the conviction record. Application

may be made at the expiration of three years after the offender's

final discharge if convicted of a felony, or at the expiration of one

year after the offender's final discharge if convicted of a

misdemeanor.

(B) Upon the filing of an application under this section, the court

shall set a date for a hearing and shall notify the prosecutor for the

case of the hearing on the application. The prosecutor may object

to the granting of the application by filing an objection with the

court prior to the date set for the hearing. The prosecutor shall

specify in the objection the reasons for believing a denial of the

2 The former version of R.C. 2953.31, in effect until September 27, 2012. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2012-0042 6

application is justified. The court shall direct its regular probation

officer, a state probation officer, or the department of probation of

the county in which the applicant resides to make inquiries and

written reports as the court requires concerning the applicant.

(C)(1) The court shall do each of the following:

(a) Determine whether the applicant is a first offender or whether

the forfeiture of bail was agreed to by the applicant and the

prosecutor in the case. If the applicant applies as a first offender

pursuant to division (A)(1) of this section and has two or three

convictions that result from the same indictment, information, or

complaint, from the same plea of guilty, or from the same official

proceeding, and result from related criminal acts that were

committed within a three-month period but do not result from the

same act or from offenses committed at the same time, in making

its determination under this division, the court initially shall

determine whether it is not in the public interest for the two or

three convictions to be counted as one conviction. If the court

determines that it is not in the public interest for the two or three

convictions to be counted as one conviction, the court shall

determine that the applicant is not a first offender; if the court does

not make that determination, the court shall determine that the

offender is a first offender. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2012-0042 7

(b) Determine whether criminal proceedings are pending against

the applicant;

(c) If the applicant is a first offender who applies pursuant to

division (A)(1) of this section, determine whether the applicant has

been rehabilitated to the satisfaction of the court;

(d) If the prosecutor has filed an objection in accordance with

division (B) of this section, consider the reasons against granting

the application specified by the prosecutor in the objection;

(e) Weigh the interests of the applicant in having the records

pertaining to the applicant's conviction sealed against the

legitimate needs, if any, of the government to maintain those

records.

{¶14} R.C. 2953.32(B) requires the court to direct a probation officer or

department to investigate the state's allegations and file a written report with the court.

The Ohio Supreme Court has reiterated that “the procedure outlined for an

expungement hearing requires the court to direct a probation official ‘to make inquiries

and written reports' regarding information relevant to its inquiry.” State v. Hamilton, 75

Ohio St.3d 636, 639, 665 N.E.2d 669 (1996).

{¶15} We note the trial court’s judgment entry makes no reference to whether

appellee was found to be a first offender. The trial court may not infer jurisdiction,

therefore, we find the court lacked jurisdiction to grant the application to seal. The trial

court had an obligation to determine the effect of the alleged prior conviction as Muskingum County, Case No. CT2012-0042 8

required by R.C. 2953.32(B). Because defendant's legal status as a first offender was

not properly evaluated by the trial court, the case must be reversed and remanded for

determination of the trial court's jurisdiction to grant the application to seal.

{¶16} The judgment of the Muskingum County Court is vacated and the matter

is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this Opinion.

By: Delaney, P.J.

And Farmer, J. concur.

Hoffman, J. dissents

HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY

HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN

HON. SHEILA G. FARMER

PAD:kgb Muskingum County, Case No. CT2012-0042 9

Hoffman, J., dissenting {¶17} I respectfully, dissent from the majority opinion.

{¶18} Unlike the majority, I find the trial court had jurisdiction to grant the

application to seal. I find the trial court’s subject matter jurisdiction was properly

invoked by Appellee’s filing of the application to seal. Upon doing so, the trial court

must determine Appellee’s eligibility as a first offender. Any error made in that

determination is subject to appellate review. While the trial court may have erred in its

determination or the procedure in which it arrived at its determination3, I believe it had

jurisdiction to exercise it.

{¶19} I am left with Appellant’s allegation in its Memorandum in Opposition,

Appellee had two prior disqualifying convictions. Appellee presented evidence of the

lack of any record of the 1984 OVI conviction. There is no record evidence Appellee

had a 1982 OVI conviction.

{¶20} While the trial court may have granted the application prematurely in the

absence of a proper investigation by probation, the record before us fails to reflect any

document, exhibit, or testimony regarding a 1982 OVI conviction of Appellant in the

Muskingum County Court.

{¶21} Because the record fails to affirmatively demonstrate Appellee was not a

first offender, I would affirm the trial court’s decision.

_______________________________ _ HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN

3 While the trial court may have failed to order an investigation through the appropriate probation officer and/or agency, Appellant has not assigned such possible failure as error in this Court. [Cite as State v. Rogers, 2013-Ohio-1865.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO : : : Plaintiff-Appellant : : -vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY : DAVID N. ROGERS : : : Case No. CT2012-0042 Defendant-Appellee :

For the reasons stated in our accompanying Opinion on file, the judgment of the

Muskingum County Court is reversed, the judgment is vacated, and the matter is

remanded for further proceedings consistent with this Opinion. Costs assessed to

appellee.