State v. Rogers

969 So. 2d 707, 2007 WL 3170760
Louisiana Court of Appeal·Decided October 31, 2007·No. 07-0427·Published·Cited by 4 cases

Opinion

969 So.2d 707 (2007)

STATE of Louisiana
v.
Raymond ROGERS.

No. 07-0427.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Third Circuit.

October 31, 2007.

*708 John F. DeRosier, District Attorney, Paul P. Reggie, Assistant District Attorney, Carla S. Sigler, Assistant District Attorney, Lake Charles, LA, for Appellee State of Louisiana.

Eugene A. Bouquet, Attorney at Law, Lake Charles, LA, for Defendant/Appellant Raymond Rogers.

Court composed of JOHN D. SAUNDERS, JIMMIE C. PETERS, and GLENN B. GREMILLION, Judges.

PETERS, J.

The defendant, Raymond Rogers, was convicted of the offense of aggravated battery, a violation of La.R.S. 14:34, and was sentenced by the trial court to serve ten years at hard labor without benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence. He now appeals his conviction and sentence, asserting six assignments of error. For the following reasons, we affirm the conviction in all respects, but vacate the sentence and remand the matter to the trial court for resentencing.

*709 DISCUSSION OF THE RECORD

The criminal charge against the defendant arises from a prior ongoing property dispute between him and David Gilley. On August 18, 2005, Mr. Gilley was using his tractor to destroy a fence constructed by the defendant on the land whose ownership was in dispute between the two men. As Mr. Gilley operated his tractor, the defendant began firing a pistol at him. One of the several bullets fired by the defendant struck Mr. Gilley in the head.

The State of Louisiana (state) charged the defendant by grand jury indictment with attempted second degree murder, a violation of La.R.S. 14:27 and 14:30.1. However, after trial, the jury found the defendant guilty of the responsive verdict of aggravated battery. Thereafter, the trial court sentenced the defendant as stated above. The defendant then filed a motion to reconsider his sentence, and, after a hearing, the trial court denied that motion. The defendant then perfected this appeal.

OPINION

The first two assignments of error address the merits of the conviction. The remaining assignments of error relate to the imposition of sentence.

Merits Issues

The defendant phrased the first two assignments of error in the following language:

1. Was the failure of the trier of fact to return a not guilty verdict on the issue of self defense not supported by the evidence?
2. Considering the nature of self defense presented on behalf of the defendant did the trial court err in denying the admission to the trier of fact testimony of prior threatening and harmful action of the alleged victim in the use of his tractor as a weapon toward others?

In support of the first assignment of error, the defendant states that "[a] defense of self defense is well applicable," and cites State v. Lejeune, 487 So.2d 1243 (La.App. 3 Cir.1986), but makes no other reference to self-defense and does not discuss the particulars of the Lejeune decision. That is to say, he fails to set forth any basis for his theory of self-defense or how it applies to the facts of this case. Because the defendant has failed to properly brief this issue, it will not be considered by this court. Uniform Rules — Courts of Appeal, Rule 2-12.4.

For the same reason, and pursuant to the same authority, Uniform Rules — Courts of Appeal, Rule 2-12.4, we will not consider the second assignment of error. In that assignment of error, the defendant states that Mr. Gilley had used his tractor in the past as a weapon against another person, and that the trial court erred in not allowing him to present that evidence. He asserts that the significance of the testimony is profound in consideration of the defense of self-defense. But the defendant has failed to properly brief this issue because he has presented no authority to suggest on what basis the evidence at issue should have been admissible.

Sentencing Issues

The defendant phrased his remaining assignments of error in the following language:

3. Was the sentence against the defendant excessive?
4. Did the trial court err at sentencing by dismissing without consideration the presentence Investigation Report?
5. Did the trial court err in determining that he had absolutely no discretion *710 under the provision of Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 893.1?[1]
6. Did the trial court err in failing to apply exceptional circumstances under the provisions Code of Criminal Procedure Article 893.3?

As stated by the supreme court in State v. Williams, 03-3514, p. 14 (La.12/13/04), 893 So.2d 7, 16, "[t]he trial judge is given a wide discretion in the imposition of sentences within the statutory limits, and the sentence imposed by him should not be set aside as excessive in the absence of a manifest abuse of his discretion." In this matter, the trial court sentenced the defendant to serve ten years at hard labor without benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence.

Because we find merit in the defendant's fifth assignment of error, we need not consider the remaining assignments that address the sentencing process. Instead, for the following reasons, we vacate the sentence imposed and remand the matter to the trial court for resentencing.

In reaching this disposition, we first note that La.R.S. 14:34 provides for a maximum incarceration sentence of ten years, but makes no mention of probation, parole, or suspension restrictions. Thus, the sentence imposed exceeds the maximum incarceration sentence that may be imposed under that statute. However, sentences that may be imposed for felonies or certain enumerated misdemeanors wherein a firearm is used are also subject to the enhancement provisions of La.Code Crim.P. arts. 893.1-893.3. In the matter now before us, the trial court relied on the provisions of La.Code Crim.P. art. 893.3(D), (F), and (G) in sentencing the defendant. Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 893.3(D) provides:

If the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that a firearm was actually used or discharged by the defendant during the commission of the felony for which he was convicted, and thereby caused bodily injury, the court shall impose a term of imprisonment of fifteen years; however, if the maximum sentence for the underlying felony is less than fifteen years, the court shall impose the maximum sentence.

Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 893.3(F) provides that a sentence imposed under La.Code Crim.P. art. 893.3(D) shall be without the benefit of suspension of sentence, and La.Code Crim.P. art. 893.3(G) provides that during service of the mandatory minimum sentence imposed under La.Code Crim.P. art. 893.3(D) a defendant shall not be eligible for parole. Thus, the trial court imposed the mandatory minimum sentence required by La.Code Crim.P. art. 893.3(D).[2] A mandatory minimum sentence is presumed to be constitutional. State v. Johnson, 97-1906 (La.3/4/98), 709 So.2d 672.

Notwithstanding the fact that the record establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant discharged a firearm while committing the offense for which he was convicted and caused bodily injury to the victim, he asserts that the *711 trial court erred in concluding that it had no discretion in imposing any sentence other than that found in La.Code Crim.P. art. 893.3(D). Specifically, the defendant relies on the language of La.Code Crim.P. art.

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State v. Rogers, 969 So. 2d 707, 2007 WL 3170760 (La. Ct. App. 2007).

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