State v. Rocco

2011 Ohio 4978

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: September 26, 2011
• Docket: 2011CA00071
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Rocco, 2011-Ohio-4978.]

COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. -vs- : : LINDA ROCCO : Case No. 2011CA00071 : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Canton Municipal Court, Case No. 2011CRB00268

JUDGMENT: Reversed

DATE OF JUDGMENT: September 26, 2011

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellee

ANTHONY P.A. RICH ROBERT P. DESANTO 218 Cleveland Avenue, SW 432 Center Street P.O. Box 24218 Ashland, OH 44805 Canton, OH 44701 Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00071 2

Farmer, J.

{¶1} On December 21, 2010, undercover agents from the Ohio Department of

Public Safety Investigative Unit, Victoria McBride and James Gaal, went to the VFW

Post 3747 in Stark County, Ohio, to investigate complaints of illegal gambling.

Appellant, Linda Rocco, was working as a barmaid and let the agents in. Agent

McBride played a machine called the Puzzle Bug Video Machine. She played until the

machine indicated she had won $30.00. At that point, she took her redeemable voucher

to appellant to obtain her prize. Appellant paid Agent McBride $30.00 and the agents

left.

{¶2} On December 30, 2010, the agents returned with a search warrant and

confiscated several items, including the Puzzle Bug Video Machines. Appellant was

subsequently charged with one count of skill-based amusement machine prohibited

conduct in violation of R.C. 2915.06.

{¶3} A jury trial commenced on March 15, 2011. At the conclusion of the

state's case-in-chief and again at the conclusion of the trial, appellant made a Crim.R.

29 motion for acquittal. The trial court denied the motion both times. The jury found

appellant guilty as charged, and the trial court sentenced her to one hundred eighty

days in jail, suspended on the condition of fifty hours of community service and good

behavior for two years.

{¶4} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for

consideration. Assignments of error are as follows: Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00071 3

I

{¶5} "A NON-CASH PRIZE, TOY OR NOVELTY RECEIVED AS A REWARD

FOR PLAYING OR OPERATING A SKILL-BASED AMUSEMENT MACHINE IS AN

ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF O.R.C. 2915.06. AN ELECTRONIC VIDEO MACHINE

THAT PAYS CASH PRIZES OR VOUCHERS REDEEMABLE FOR CASH FAILS TO

MEET THE DEFINITION OF A SKILL-BASED AMUSEMENT MACHINE (AN

ESSENTIAL ELEMENT), AND THE COURT SHOULD HAVE GRANTED

DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR ACQUITTAL FOR FAILURE OF THE STATE TO

PROVE AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE CRIME OF SKILL-BASED AMUSEMENT

MACHINE PROHIBITED CONDUCT O.R.C. 2915.06."

II

{¶6} "IT WAS AN ERROR FOR THE COURT TO OVERRULE DEFENDANT'S

MOTION FOR ACQUITTAL WHERE THE STATE FAILED TO PROVE THE

ESSENTIAL ELEMENT THAT A NONCASH PRIZE TOY OR NOVELTY RECEIVED AS

A REWARD FOR PLAYING OR OPERATING A SKILL-BASED AMUSEMENT

MACHINE. THE STATE FAILED TO PROVE THAT THE MACHINE INVOLVED DID

NOT HAVE OPERATIONAL FEATURES DISQUALIFYING IT FROM THE DEFINITION

OF SKILL-BASED AMUSEMENT MACHINE."

III

{¶7} "WHERE THE STATE FAILED TO PROVE THE REQUISITE CULPABLE

MENTAL STATE OF RECKLESSNESS, IT WAS AN ERROR FOR THE COURT TO

OVERRULE THE DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR ACQUITTAL." Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00071 4

IV

{¶8} "THE COURT ERRED IN PROHIBITING DEFENDANT'S COUNSEL TO

OFFER EVIDENCE THAT THE SAME OFFICER WHO TESTIFIED THE PUZZLE BUG

WAS A SKILL-BASED AMUSEMENT MACHINE IN THE ORIGINAL CASE AGAINST

THE DEFENDANT ALSO CLAIMED IT WAS AN ILLEGAL GAMBLING DEVICE IN A

LIQUOR COMMISSION ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDING."

I, II

{¶9} Appellant claims the trial court erred in denying her motion for acquittal.

Specifically, appellant claims the Puzzle Bug Video Machine did not meet the definition

of a skill-based amusement machine under R.C. 2915.01(AAA). We agree.

{¶10} Crim.R. 29 governs motion for acquittal. Subsection (A) states the

following:

{¶11} "The court on motion of a defendant or on its own motion, after the

evidence on either side is closed, shall order the entry of a judgment of acquittal of one

or more offenses charged in the indictment, information, or complaint, if the evidence is

insufficient to sustain a conviction of such offense or offenses. The court may not

reserve ruling on a motion for judgment of acquittal made at the close of the state's

case."

{¶12} The standard to be employed by a trial court in determining a Crim.R. 29

motion is set out in State v. Bridgeman (1978), 55 Ohio St.2d 261, syllabus:

{¶13} "Pursuant to Crim.R. 29(A), a court shall not order an entry of judgment of

acquittal if the evidence is such that reasonable minds can reach different conclusions Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00071 5

as to whether each material element of a crime has been proved beyond a reasonable

doubt."

{¶14} Appellant was convicted of skill-based amusement machine prohibited

conduct in violation of R.C. 2915.06 which states:

{¶15} "(A) No person shall give to another person any item described in division

(BBB)(1), (2), (3), or (4) of section 2915.01 of the Revised Code in exchange for a

noncash prize, toy, or novelty received as a reward for playing or operating a skill-based

amusement machine or for a free or reduced-price game won on a skill-based

amusement machine."

{¶16} A "skill-based amusement machine" is defined in R.C. 2915.01(AAA) as

follows:

{¶17} "(1) ***[A] mechanical, video, digital, or electronic device that rewards the

player or players, if at all, only with merchandise prizes or with redeemable vouchers

redeemable only for merchandise prizes, provided that with respect to rewards for

playing the game all of the following apply:

{¶18} "(a) The wholesale value of a merchandise prize awarded as a result of

the single play of a machine does not exceed ten dollars;

{¶19} "(b) Redeemable vouchers awarded for any single play of a machine are

not redeemable for a merchandise prize with a wholesale value of more than ten

dollars;

{¶20} "(c) Redeemable vouchers are not redeemable for a merchandise prize

that has a wholesale value of more than ten dollars times the fewest number of single

plays necessary to accrue the redeemable vouchers required to obtain that prize; and Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00071 6

{¶21} "(d) Any redeemable vouchers or merchandise prizes are distributed at the

site of the skill-based amusement machine at the time of play.

{¶22} "(2) A device shall not be considered a skill-based amusement machine

and shall be considered a slot machine if it pays cash or one or more of the following

apply:

{¶23} "(a) The ability of a player to succeed at the game is impacted by the

number or ratio of prior wins to prior losses of players playing the game.

{¶24} "(b) Any reward of redeemable vouchers is not based solely on the player

achieving the object of the game or the player's score;

{¶25} "(c) The outcome of the game, or the value of the redeemable voucher or

merchandise prize awarded for winning the game, can be controlled by a source other

than any player playing the game.

{¶26} "(d) The success of any player is or may be determined by a chance event

that cannot be altered by player actions.

{¶27} "(e) The ability of any player to succeed at the game is determined by

game features not visible or known to the player.

{¶28} "(f) The ability of the player to succeed at the game is impacted by the

exercise of a skill that no reasonable player could exercise."

{¶29} The issue is whether the record demonstrates that the Puzzle Bug Video

Machine is a skilled-based amusement machine. Appellant argues the Puzzle Bug

machine was not a skill-based amusement machine because the redeemable vouchers

it issued were redeemable for cash. Appellant argues the Puzzle Bug machine was a

"slot-machine" and therefore she was incorrectly charged. Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00071 7

{¶30} Agents McBride and Gaal both testified the Puzzle Bug machine was a

skilled-based amusement machine. T. at 36, 91. Agent McBride readily admitted she

was not an expert. T. at 55.

{¶31} It is undisputed that when Agent McBride played the machine, she

obtained enough points to win $30.00. T. at 37. A ticket was dispensed, not money. T.

at 38. She took the ticket to the bartender, appellant herein, and appellant took the

ticket and gave Agent McBride $30.00 cash. T. at 38-39.

{¶32} On cross-examination, Agent McBride stated the voucher was no good

unless it was redeemed for cash and the payout was cash. T. at 51, 64. She also

admitted she did not check out the machine to see if it met any of the exceptions under

R.C. 2905.01 (AAA)(2). T. at 56-58.

{¶33} Agent Gaal testified the only thing that made the Puzzle Bug Video

Machine illegal in Ohio was the cash payout. T. at 103. He also admitted, as did Agent

McBride, that no examination of the video machine was done to determine if it was a

skilled-based amusement machine. T. at 104-106.

{¶34} Implicit in the statute is the need to establish competent credible evidence

that the Puzzle Bug Video Machine was a skilled-based amusement machine.

Generally, proof is established via expert testimony or a prior court judgment

recognizing a Puzzle Bug Video Machine as a skill-based amusement machine.

{¶35} In the record sub judice, both agents admitted to not being experts and to

not examining the video machine relative to the definitional characteristics. Further, the

testimony established the video machine's redeemable ticket paid out cash like a "slot

machine." Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00071 8

{¶36} Upon review, we concur with appellant's argument that the evidence was

insufficient to establish a violation of R.C. 2915.06. The trial court erred in denying her

motion for acquittal.

{¶37} Assignments of Error I and II are granted.

III, IV

{¶38} These assignments are moot given our decision in Assignments of Error I

and II.

{¶39} The judgment of the Canton Municipal Court of Stark County, Ohio is

hereby reversed.

By Farmer, J.

Gwin, P.J. and

Hoffman, J. concur.

s/ Sheila G. Farmer___________________

s/ W. Scott Gwin_____________________

_s/ William B. Hoffman________________

JUDGES

SGF/sg 906 [Cite as State v. Rocco, 2011-Ohio-4978.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR STARK COUNTY, OHIO

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : : -vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY : LINDA ROCCO : : Defendant-Appellant : CASE NO. 2011CA00071

For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the

judgment of the Canton Municipal Court of Stark County, Ohio is reversed. Costs to

appellee.