[Cite as State v. Robinson, 2011-Ohio-1737.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO :
Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 2010 CA 30
v. : T.C. NO. 08CR205
MARK A. ROBINSON : (Criminal appeal from Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant :
:
..........
OPINION
Rendered on the 8th day of April , 2011.
NICK A. SELVAGGIO, Atty. Reg. No. 0055607, Prosecuting Attorney, 200 North Main Street, Urbana, Ohio 43078 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
STEPHEN P. HARDWICK, Atty. Reg. No. 0062932, Assistant Public Defender, 250 East Broad Street, Suite 1400, Columbus, Ohio 43215 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
DONOVAN, J.
This matter is before the Court on the Notice of Appeal of Mark A. Robinson, filed
October 5, 2010. On August 19, 2008, Robinson was indicted on one count of escape, in
violation of R.C. 2921.34(A)(1)(C)(2)(a), a felony of the second degree, after Robinson allegedly 2
violated the terms of his post-release control. The post release control purportedly arose as a
result of Robinson’s 1997 conviction for attempted murder, a felony of the first degree, in case
number 1997 CR 212. The judgment entry in the 1997 matter provided in part, “The Court has
further notified the defendant that post release control is optional in this case up to a maximum of
three years, as well as the consequences for violating conditions of post release control imposed
by the Parole Board under Revised Code Section 2967.28. The defendant is ordered to serve as
part of this sentence any term of post release control imposed by the Parole Board, and any prison
term for violation of that post release control.” We affirmed Robinson’s conviction on direct
appeal. State v. Robinson (June 12, 1998), Clark App. No. 97-CA-0073.
On October 1, 2008, Robinson pled no contest to escape. The trial court found him
guilty and sentenced Robinson to a term of two years. On June 11, 2009, the trial court denied
Robinson’s motion for judicial release.
On June 30, 2010, Robinson filed a motion to withdraw his no contest plea. According
to Robinson, he “is legally not guilty of the offense” of escape; since his judgment entry did not
affirmatively state that he would be subject to mandatory post release control for five years
following his release from prison, the Adult Parole Authority lacked authority to impose post
release control. In other words, Robinson’s detention following his release was “legally
non-existent,” and he accordingly could not “escape” therefrom.
In overruling Robinson’s motion, the trial court found “that there is conflicting authority
on the issues presented; specifically whether Defendant may be convicted of escape for events
occurring while Defendant is on postrelease control when there is an error in the postrelease
control notification for the underlying offense. See, e.g., State v. North, 9th Dist. No. 3
06CA009063, 2007 Ohio 5383 (defendant should have been permitted to withdraw guilty plea to
escape charge); State v. Renner (Mar. 31, 2010), Montgomery C.P.Ct. No 2008 CR 2419
(granting Renner’s motion to withdraw plea) [subsequently affirmed on appeal by State v.
Renner, Montgomery App. No. 24019, 2011-Ohio-502]. Cf. State v. Billeter, 5th Dist. No.
2008 CA 00198, 2009 Ohio 2709 (finding Billeter’s conviction for escape was not invalid
because his sentencing entry in the underlying 1998 case was not void, even though it misadvised
Billeter regarding the terms of his postrelease control). See, also, Watkins v. Collins, 111 Ohio
St.3d 425, 2006 Ohio 5082.”
The trial court further noted that “the Ohio Supreme Court has recently declined to
address ‘whether a defendant can be convicted of escape when the evidence affirmatively
demonstrates that the Department of Rehabilitation and Correction lacked the authority to
supervise the accused.’ State v. Jordan, 124 Ohio St.3d 397, 2010 Ohio 281, ¶ 14 (emphasis
original). Stated another way, Jordan does ‘not address the question whether a person can be
proved to be under detention for purposes of R.C. 2921.34(A)(1) if the evidence shows
affirmatively that the trial court failed to meet its duties with regard to the imposition of
postrelease control.’ Id., ¶2 fn2.
“The Court notes that North is similarly distinguishable from this case. In North, there is
no evidence that the defendant was advised of postrelease control, as the postrelease control
notification in the sentencing entry was struck-through. In Defendant’s 1997 case * * *
Defendant was advised of postrelease control, albeit with incorrect information concerning total
duration and whether postrelease control was mandatory.
“Further, the Court notes that Defendant was released from prison in the 1997 attempted 4
murder case on April 2, 2007 and that the escape charge in the instant case
stems from events occurring on or about May 2, 2008 through July 27, 2008, clearly less than
three years after Defendant was released from prison and well within the duration of postrelease
control stated in the sentencing entry for the 1997 case. See Billeter, ¶8, fn 1 (noting that, in
similar circumstances, the defendant was charged with escape while on postrelease control less
than the three year period stated in the underlying sentencing entry.)
“The Court chooses to follow the reasoning in Billeter and therefore declines to grant
Defendant’s motion to withdraw plea.”
Robinson asserts one assignment of error as follows:
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DENYING HIS MOTION TO WITHDRAW HIS
PLEA.”
According to Robinson, his “conviction despite legal innocence is a manifest injustice.”
“A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest may be made only before sentence is
imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the court after sentence may set aside the judgment of
conviction and permit the defendant to withdraw his or her plea.”
CrimR. 32.1.
“‘The distinction between pre-sentence and post-sentence motions to withdraw pleas of
guilty or no contest indulges a presumption that post-sentence motions may be motivated by a
desire to obtain relief from a sentence the movant believes is unduly harsh and was unexpected.
The presumption is nevertheless rebuttable by showing of a manifest injustice affecting the plea.
“A ‘manifest injustice’ comprehends a fundamental flaw in the path of justice so extraordinary
that the defendant could not have sought redress from the resulting prejudice through another 5
form of application reasonably available to him or her.” (Citation omitted) The movant has the
burden to demonstrate that a manifest injustice occurred (citation omitted).’ State v. Brooks,
Montgomery App. No. 23385, 2010-Ohio-1682, ¶ 6-8.
“In State v. Jordan, 124 Ohio St.3d 397, 2010-Ohio-281, the Ohio Supreme Court held
that in order to ‘obtain a conviction for escape under R.C. 2921.34(A)(1), the state may prove
that the defendant was subject to post-release control without proving that during a sentencing
hearing the trial court orally notified the defendant that he would be subject to post-release
control.’ However, the Supreme court specifically stated in Jordan that its holding did not
control in a situation similar to the instant case with respect to whether a defendant can be proved
to be under detention for purposes of R.C. 2921.34(A)(1) if the evidence affirmatively establishes
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as State v. Robinson, 2011-Ohio-1737.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO :
Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 2010 CA 30
v. : T.C. NO. 08CR205
MARK A. ROBINSON : (Criminal appeal from Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant :
:
..........
OPINION
Rendered on the 8th day of April , 2011.
NICK A. SELVAGGIO, Atty. Reg. No. 0055607, Prosecuting Attorney, 200 North Main Street, Urbana, Ohio 43078 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
STEPHEN P. HARDWICK, Atty. Reg. No. 0062932, Assistant Public Defender, 250 East Broad Street, Suite 1400, Columbus, Ohio 43215 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
DONOVAN, J.
This matter is before the Court on the Notice of Appeal of Mark A. Robinson, filed
October 5, 2010. On August 19, 2008, Robinson was indicted on one count of escape, in
violation of R.C. 2921.34(A)(1)(C)(2)(a), a felony of the second degree, after Robinson allegedly 2
violated the terms of his post-release control. The post release control purportedly arose as a
result of Robinson’s 1997 conviction for attempted murder, a felony of the first degree, in case
number 1997 CR 212. The judgment entry in the 1997 matter provided in part, “The Court has
further notified the defendant that post release control is optional in this case up to a maximum of
three years, as well as the consequences for violating conditions of post release control imposed
by the Parole Board under Revised Code Section 2967.28. The defendant is ordered to serve as
part of this sentence any term of post release control imposed by the Parole Board, and any prison
term for violation of that post release control.” We affirmed Robinson’s conviction on direct
appeal. State v. Robinson (June 12, 1998), Clark App. No. 97-CA-0073.
On October 1, 2008, Robinson pled no contest to escape. The trial court found him
guilty and sentenced Robinson to a term of two years. On June 11, 2009, the trial court denied
Robinson’s motion for judicial release.
On June 30, 2010, Robinson filed a motion to withdraw his no contest plea. According
to Robinson, he “is legally not guilty of the offense” of escape; since his judgment entry did not
affirmatively state that he would be subject to mandatory post release control for five years
following his release from prison, the Adult Parole Authority lacked authority to impose post
release control. In other words, Robinson’s detention following his release was “legally
non-existent,” and he accordingly could not “escape” therefrom.
In overruling Robinson’s motion, the trial court found “that there is conflicting authority
on the issues presented; specifically whether Defendant may be convicted of escape for events
occurring while Defendant is on postrelease control when there is an error in the postrelease
control notification for the underlying offense. See, e.g., State v. North, 9th Dist. No. 3
06CA009063, 2007 Ohio 5383 (defendant should have been permitted to withdraw guilty plea to
escape charge); State v. Renner (Mar. 31, 2010), Montgomery C.P.Ct. No 2008 CR 2419
(granting Renner’s motion to withdraw plea) [subsequently affirmed on appeal by State v.
Renner, Montgomery App. No. 24019, 2011-Ohio-502]. Cf. State v. Billeter, 5th Dist. No.
2008 CA 00198, 2009 Ohio 2709 (finding Billeter’s conviction for escape was not invalid
because his sentencing entry in the underlying 1998 case was not void, even though it misadvised
Billeter regarding the terms of his postrelease control). See, also, Watkins v. Collins, 111 Ohio
St.3d 425, 2006 Ohio 5082.”
The trial court further noted that “the Ohio Supreme Court has recently declined to
address ‘whether a defendant can be convicted of escape when the evidence affirmatively
demonstrates that the Department of Rehabilitation and Correction lacked the authority to
supervise the accused.’ State v. Jordan, 124 Ohio St.3d 397, 2010 Ohio 281, ¶ 14 (emphasis
original). Stated another way, Jordan does ‘not address the question whether a person can be
proved to be under detention for purposes of R.C. 2921.34(A)(1) if the evidence shows
affirmatively that the trial court failed to meet its duties with regard to the imposition of
postrelease control.’ Id., ¶2 fn2.
“The Court notes that North is similarly distinguishable from this case. In North, there is
no evidence that the defendant was advised of postrelease control, as the postrelease control
notification in the sentencing entry was struck-through. In Defendant’s 1997 case * * *
Defendant was advised of postrelease control, albeit with incorrect information concerning total
duration and whether postrelease control was mandatory.
“Further, the Court notes that Defendant was released from prison in the 1997 attempted 4
murder case on April 2, 2007 and that the escape charge in the instant case
stems from events occurring on or about May 2, 2008 through July 27, 2008, clearly less than
three years after Defendant was released from prison and well within the duration of postrelease
control stated in the sentencing entry for the 1997 case. See Billeter, ¶8, fn 1 (noting that, in
similar circumstances, the defendant was charged with escape while on postrelease control less
than the three year period stated in the underlying sentencing entry.)
“The Court chooses to follow the reasoning in Billeter and therefore declines to grant
Defendant’s motion to withdraw plea.”
Robinson asserts one assignment of error as follows:
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DENYING HIS MOTION TO WITHDRAW HIS
PLEA.”
According to Robinson, his “conviction despite legal innocence is a manifest injustice.”
“A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest may be made only before sentence is
imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the court after sentence may set aside the judgment of
conviction and permit the defendant to withdraw his or her plea.”
CrimR. 32.1.
“‘The distinction between pre-sentence and post-sentence motions to withdraw pleas of
guilty or no contest indulges a presumption that post-sentence motions may be motivated by a
desire to obtain relief from a sentence the movant believes is unduly harsh and was unexpected.
The presumption is nevertheless rebuttable by showing of a manifest injustice affecting the plea.
“A ‘manifest injustice’ comprehends a fundamental flaw in the path of justice so extraordinary
that the defendant could not have sought redress from the resulting prejudice through another 5
form of application reasonably available to him or her.” (Citation omitted) The movant has the
burden to demonstrate that a manifest injustice occurred (citation omitted).’ State v. Brooks,
Montgomery App. No. 23385, 2010-Ohio-1682, ¶ 6-8.
“In State v. Jordan, 124 Ohio St.3d 397, 2010-Ohio-281, the Ohio Supreme Court held
that in order to ‘obtain a conviction for escape under R.C. 2921.34(A)(1), the state may prove
that the defendant was subject to post-release control without proving that during a sentencing
hearing the trial court orally notified the defendant that he would be subject to post-release
control.’ However, the Supreme court specifically stated in Jordan that its holding did not
control in a situation similar to the instant case with respect to whether a defendant can be proved
to be under detention for purposes of R.C. 2921.34(A)(1) if the evidence affirmatively establishes
that the trial court failed to meet its duties with respect to the imposition of post-release control.
124 Ohio St.3d at 399.
“* * * R.C. 2967.28 provides that every prison sentence for a felony of the first degree or
a felony sex offense shall include a mandatory five-year period of post-release control. (Citation
omitted). A trial court is required to notify the offender at the sentencing hearing about
post-release control, and is further required to incorporate the specifics of that notice into its
judgment of conviction setting forth the sentence the court imposed. Crim.R. 32(C). State v.
Jordan, 104 Ohio St.3d 21, 2004-Ohio-6085; Hernandez v. kelly, 108 Ohio St.3d 395,
2006-Ohio-126.
“As we recently noted in State v. Terry, Montgomery App. No. 09CA0005,
2010-Ohio-5391, among the most basic requirements of post-release control notification per R.C.
2967.28 and the Ohio Supreme Court’s existing precedent is that the court must both notify the 6
offender of the length of the term of post-release control that applies to his conviction(s) and
incorporate that notification into its journalized judgment of conviction pursuant to CrimR.
32(C). State v. Bloomer, 122 Ohio St.3d 200, 2009-Ohio-2462, at ¶ 69. Both are necessary in
order to authorize the APA to exercise the authority that R.C. 2967.28 confers on that agency.
“In cases in which a trial judge does not impose post-release control in accordance with
statutorily mandated terms, that portion of the sentence is void. State v. Bloomer, 122 Ohio
St.3d 200, at ¶ 69, 71; State v. Fischer, Slip Opinion No. 2010-Ohio-6238, at ¶ 30; R.C.
2967.28(B). This holding only applies to defendants who were sentenced prior to July 11, 2006.
* * * We also note that ‘[p]rinciples of res judicata, including the doctrine of the law of the
case, do not preclude appellate review. The sentence may be reviewed at any time, on direct
appeal or by collateral attack.’ State v. Fischer, 2010-Ohio-6238, at ¶ 30.” State v. Renner,
Montgomery App. No. 24019, 2011-Ohio-502, ¶ 13-17.
Robinson was subject to a mandatory five-year term of post-release control based upon
his conviction for attempted murder, a first degree felony. R.C. 2967.28(B)(1). The language
in Robinson’s 1997 judgment entry of conviction does not reflect that fact but instead indicates
that post-release control is optional for a period of three years. Since the judgment entry failed
to contain the statutorily mandated term of five years, it was insufficient to notify Robinson that
he would be subject to the supervision of the APA. That portion of Robinson’s sentence was,
therefore, void. Accordingly, the APA lacked authority to enforce post-release control
restrictions, and Robinson was not legally under detention at the time the alleged escape was
committed. As we determined in Renner, and more recently in State v. Pointer, Montgomery
App. No. 24210, 2011-Ohio-1419, a void post-release control supervision cannot support a 7
charge of escape. In light of the forgoing, the trial court abused its discretion when it overruled
Robinson’s motion to withdraw his no contest plea.
Finally, we find the State’s reliance upon Watkins v. Collins, 111 Ohio St.3d 425,
2006-Ohio-5082, unpersuasive. The petitioners in Watkins sought writs of habeas corpus
seeking immediate release from prison because their sentencing entries did not contain adequate
notice of mandatory post-release control but rather suggested that post-release control was
discretionary. In denying the writs, the Supreme Court of Ohio noted that the “sentencing
entries are sufficient to afford notice to a reasonable person that the courts were authorizing post
release control as part of each petitioner’s sentence.” Id., ¶ 51. According to the Supreme
Court, since the language in the entries was sufficient to authorize the APA to exercise post
release control, “habeas corpus is not available to contest any error in the sentencing entries, and
petitioners have or had an adequate remedy by way of appeal to challenge the imposition of
post-release control.” Watkins is procedurally distinct in that Robinson, in seeking to withdraw
his plea, appropriately pursued a legal remedy and not an equitable one. Consistent with and in
reliance upon the the Supreme Court’s decision in Jordan, Justice Lanzinger in dissent in
Watkins rejected the majority view that “mere substantial compliance is sufficient.” Id., ¶ 57.
This position is in line with subsequent Supreme Court decisions regarding post-release control.
See State v. Bloomer, 122 Ohio St.3d 200, 2009-Ohio-2462; State v. Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d 92,
2010-Ohio-6238.
For the foregoing reasons, Robinson’s sole assigned error is sustained, and Robinson’s
conviction and sentence for escape are vacated.
.......... 8
GRADY, P.J. and HALL, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Nick A. Selvaggio Stephen P. Hardwick Hon. Roger B. Wilson