State v. Robertson

864 So. 2d 875, 3 La.App. 5 Cir. 1062, 2003 La. App. LEXIS 3691, 2003 WL 23025647
Louisiana Court of Appeal·Decided December 30, 2003·No. No. 03-KA-1062·Published·Cited by 1 cases

Opinion

WALTER J. ROTHSCHILD, Judge.

On January 25, 2001, the Jefferson Parish District Attorney filed a bill of information charging the defendant, Larry Robertson, with theft of goods valued over $100 and less than $500 from J.C. Penny’s, a violation of LSA-R.S. 14:67.1o.1 The Indigent Defender Board (IDB) was appointed to represent him and the defendant pled not guilty at arraignment. On April 10, 2002, the defendant’s attorney informed the trial judge that the defendant desired to represent himself, but the trial judge denied the request. The defendant filed a motion to appoint a sanity commission on June 18, 2002, and the trial judge subsequently found the defendant was competent to stand trial.

After a trial before a six-person jury, the defendant was found guilty as charged on July 25, 2002. On July 31, 2002,, the trial judge sentenced the defendant to two years of imprisonment at hard labor. On October 23, 2002, the State filed a multiple offender bill of information alleging the defendant to be a | ..second felony offender based on a 1984 armed robbery conviction, and the defendant denied the allegations therein.2

On June 25, 2003, the State filed another multiple offender bill of information alleging the defendant to be a third felony offender based on the 1984 armed robbery conviction and a 1980 theft conviction. That day, the court vacated the defendant’s original sentence, found the defendant was a second felony offender based on the 1984 armed robbery conviction, and resenteneed the defendant to four years at hard labor to run consecutively with a sentence the defendant received for contempt.

FACTS

On January 15, 2001, Yvette Morris and Debra Billiot, loss prevention officers for J.C. Penny’s at Oakwood Mall, were monitoring the store’s security cameras. Both ladies testified that the defendant brought six pairs of jeans into a fitting room, but exited the fitting room carrying only two pairs of jeans. Ms. Morris left her post to [877]*877check the fitting rooms for the other pairs of jeans. When she discovered the fitting rooms were empty, Ms. Morris advised security of the situation. Meanwhile, the defendant exited the store, but he was subsequently stopped by the store’s personnel in the parking lot.

Ms. Morris and Ms. Billiot met the group in the parking lot and discovered that the defendant was wearing the missing jeans under his own pants. The defendant was asked to return to the loss prevention room, where four pairs of jeans, which still bore the store’s price tags, were removed from the defendant. According to Ms. Morris, the total value of the jeans was $104.96. Both Ms. Morris and Ms. Billiot positively identified the defendant at trial.

DISCUSSION

|4In his sole assignment of error, the defendant contends that the trial judge improperly denied his oral motion to represent himself. The State responds that the trial judge properly denied the motion because defendant did not unequivocally urge his right of self-representation.

The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, § 13 of the Louisiana Constitution give a defendant in a criminal prosecution the right to counsel and the right to represent himself. The right to counsel may be waived, but only when a defendant makes an unequivocal request to represent himself and voluntarily and intelligently waives the right to counsel. Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 2540-41, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975); State v. Bridgewater, 00-1529 (La.1/15/02), 823 So.2d 877, 894, cert. denied, 537 U.S. 1227, 123 S.Ct. 1266, 154 L.Ed.2d 1089 (2003). A defendant who vacillates between self-representation and representation by counsel will be considered to have forfeited the right to represent himself. State v. Bridgewater, supra.

Once a defendant makes an unequivocal request for self-representation, the trial judge should determine whether the defendant is competent to waive the right to counsel. Faretta v. California, supra. Although no minimum requirements have been established for judging the sufficiency of a waiver of counsel, there must be a reasonable inquiry to establish on the record a valid waiver under the overall circumstances. State v. Strain, 585 So.2d 540, 542 (La.1991); State v. Guccione, 96-1049 (La.App. 5 Cir. 4/29/97), 694 So.2d 1060, 1065, writ denied, 97-2151 (La.3/13/98), 712 So.2d 869.

In this case, the record reveals that the defendant did not unequivocally assert his right to self-representation. The defendant, who had been represented by IDB since February 26, 2002, first indicated that he wanted to represent himself through his attorney on April 10, 2002. That day, the matter was set for a pre-trial hearing, and the defendant began addressing the court about his multiple offender | Sstatus. During this discussion, the defendant voiced his displeasure with his appointed attorney, Anthony Angelette, because Mr. Angelette had not discussed the case with him since the defendant’s incarceration. Mr. Angelette explained that he was not sure when he was appointed to the case. The record reflects that the defendant became so animated that the court warned him to quiet down or face contempt charges. The discussion between the court, the defendant, and Mr. Ange-lette continued, and then the trial court handled other matters on the docket.

Later, Mr. Angelette informed the court that the defendant had “expressed the wish to represent himself, so to speak.” Thereafter, the defendant was sworn and the trial judge informed the defendant that [878]*878he had a constitutional right to counsel. The court also informed the defendant that he had a right to represent himself, but recommended against it. The court asked the defendant what was his “desire,” and the defendant responded, “My desire is to represent myself.” During the colloquy, the defendant revealed that he was literate and answered affirmatively when the court asked if he understood the legal system. He also stated that he could perform legal research.

The defendant explained that his strategy was to disprove the State’s theory of his aliases and prior convictions. However, the defendant told the judge his name was really Harry Lucas. The defendant reiterated that he did not believe it was fair that he should be multiple billed when had already served his time for the prior armed robbery conviction. Thereafter the trial judge denied the defendant’s request to represent himself:

THE COURT:
Mr. Lucas, I certainly can empathize with the fact that you think it’s unfair; but that’s not what makes the law. And therefore I’m going to deny your request to represent yourself. Because it’s an interesting argument, but it’s an argument — not an argument in law. And I’m going to order that Mr. Angelette continue to represent you.

IfiAt a contempt hearing on June 10, 2002, the defendant characterized his former motion as one for “corepresentation,” not self-representation:

BY THE DEFENDANT:
Okay. The only problem is that when I file a motion, I file a motion for the corepresentation. The motion was denied because maybe you was [sic] under the impression I was asking to represent myself.

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State v. Robertson, 864 So. 2d 875, 3 La.App. 5 Cir. 1062, 2003 La. App. LEXIS 3691, 2003 WL 23025647 (La. Ct. App. 2003).

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