State v. Reinhardt

31 N.J.L. 218

• Court: Supreme Court of New Jersey
• Decided: February 15, 1865
• Status: Published

Opinion

The opinion of the court was delivered by

Haines, J.

The plaintiff in certiorari is the owner of a farm in the county of Hudson, all of which was in the township of North Bergen until the year 1859, when the township of Weehawken was erected and made to include within its bounds a part of the farm. In 1861 the township of Union was formed and made to embrace the other part.

In 1862 the assessment in question was made; the farm was divided by the line between the two last named townships. The dwelling-house is in Weehawken, and there the prosecutor resided until the year 1859 or 1860, when he removed to New York, leaving the farm in the care of his gardener, who occupied a small house on that part of the farm which is in Union, and had the use of a small piece of land for his services.

The prosecutor was assessed and paid taxes for the whole farm in Weehawken. He is also assessed in Union for such part of the farm as lies in that township. This latter assessment he seeks to set aside.

The 6th section of the act of 3d March, 1854, Nix. Dig. 802, pl. 63,

* provides, that “every person shall be assessed in the township or ward where he resides when the assessment is made, for all lands then owned by him within the said township or ward, either occupied by him or wholly unoccupied ; and when the line between two townships or wards -divides a farm or lot, the same shall be taxed, if occupied, in the township or ward where the occupant resides; and if unoccupied, each part shall be assessed in the township or ward in which the same shall lie.”

The language of the section is not very perspicuous, but the only reasonable construction to be given to it is, that where an occupied farm is divided by a township line, it shall be assessed in the township in which the occupant resides, the township in which is the principal dwelling-house; but where the farm is unoccupied, each part is to be assessed in the township in which such part lies.

The term “ unoccupied,” in this section, has the same meaning as the term untenanted in the 34th section of the act concerning taxes, Nix. Dig. 798,† and applies to land having no visible occupant or possessor. Elmer, J., in State v. Hoffman, Coll’r, 1 Vroom 346.

To authorize an assessment in each township, it must appear that there was no visible occupant or possessor. The owner of land may occupy it in person or by his servants or croppers, and if it be occupied in either way there cannot be two assessments.

In this case the owner did not reside on any part of the farm, but had left it in the charge and care of his servant, the gardener. The land was not unoccupied, and does not come within the provision of the last clause of the section of the act.

The prosecutor was in the occupation and possession of the land by his servant, and could maintain his action for any trespass upon it.

The principal dwelling-house was in Weehawken, and there the assessment upon the whole farm was properly made, and there the tax was paid.

The assessment in Union was erroneous and must be set aside.

Assessment set aside.

Rev., p. 1152, § 65.

Rev., p. 1146, § 35.