[Cite as State v. Reid, 2014-Ohio-1591.]
COURT OF APPEALS LICKING COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. -vs- : : CRAIG REID : Case No. 13-CA-68 : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Municipal Court, Case No. 12 CRB 02051
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: April 11, 2014
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
TRICIA M. MOORE ANDREW T. SANDERSON 40 West Main Street 73 North Sixth Street Newark, OH 43055 Newark, OH 43055 Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 2
Farmer, J.
{¶1} On May 18, 2012, Newark Police Officer Joseph Phillips was dispatched
to the scene of an accident. Upon investigation, Officer Phillips determined appellant,
Craig Reid, was unable to come to a complete stop in time and struck a vehicle being
operated by Olan Lovelady. Mr. Lovelady underwent surgery for injuries sustained in
the accident. Thereafter, he suffered a post-operative heart attack and died on June 1,
2013.
{¶2} On September 19, 2012, appellant was charged with one count of
vehicular manslaughter in violation of R.C. 2903.06(A)(4). A bench trial commenced on
May 29, 2013. Appellant was found guilty. By judgment entry filed July 30, 2013, the
trial court sentenced appellant to thirty days in jail.
{¶3} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for
consideration. Assignments of error are as follows:
I
{¶4} "THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED HARMFUL ERROR IN PERMITTING
THE INTRODUCTION OF HEARSAY EVIDENCE INTO THE PROCEEDINGS
BELOW."
II
{¶5} "THE CONVICTION OF THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT WAS BASED
ON INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SUSATAIN THE SAME."
III
{¶6} "THE CONVICTION OF THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT WAS AGAINST
THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED." Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 3
I
{¶7} Appellant claims the trial court erred in permitting the introduction of
hearsay evidence. We disagree.
{¶8} The admission or exclusion of evidence lies in the trial court's sound
discretion. State v. Sage, 31 Ohio St.3d 173 (1987). In order to find an abuse of that
discretion, we must determine the trial court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or
unconscionable and not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5
Ohio St.3d 217 (1983).
{¶9} Evid.R. 801(C) defines "hearsay" as "a statement, other than one made by
the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth
of the matter asserted."
{¶10} Specifically, appellant points to two instances of inadmissible hearsay: 1)
when Officer Phillips identified the victim of the accident as Olan Lovelady, and 2) when
the coroner relied on Officer Phillips's report to formulate the cause of death.
{¶11} Officer Phillips testified when he arrived at the scene, paramedics were
removing the driver of a gold Buick from the vehicle and administering medical aid. T.
at 9-11. Appellant's statement to Officer Phillips at the scene confirmed that as a result
of being cut off by another vehicle, he struck the gold Buick. T. at 8-9. Officer Phillips
obtained the driver's license of the victim and identified the victim as Olan Lovelady. T.
at 7. Officer Phillips reviewed photographs admitted into evidence and identified the
accident scene, including the victim's vehicle. T. at 10-11. Officer Phillips testified there
was only one person in the gold Buick, Mr. Lovelady. T. at 13. Officer Phillips also Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 4
testified he had brief contact with Mr. Lovelady before he was transported to a hospital
in Columbus. T. at 17.
{¶12} Based upon the testimony of Officer Phillips, we find his determination that
the victim in the gold Buick was Mr. Lovelady does not constitute hearsay.
{¶13} The coroner, Dr. Jan Gorniak, concluded Mr. Lovelady was in a car
accident and died as a "result of complications of blunt impact to the trunk and
extremities due to motor vehicle collision truck vs. car driver and was accidental in
nature." T. at 27.
{¶14} Under Evid.R. 803(9), an exception to the hearsay rule, an official death
certificate and corner's opinion in a report are admissible:
The following are not excluded by the hearsay rule, even though
the declarant is available as a witness:
(9) Records of vital statistics. Records or data compilations, in
any form, of births, fetal deaths, deaths, or marriages, if the report thereof
was made to a public office pursuant to requirement of law.
{¶15} The central issue is whether the coroner's conclusions were based upon
the "hearsay testimony" of Officer Phillips wherein he identified the victim as Mr.
Lovelady, the deceased in the coroner's report.
{¶16} We have found Officer Phillips's identification of Mr. Lovelady did not
constitute hearsay, but was in fact a compilation of direct evidence that he personally Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 5
observed. Upon review, we conclude the coroner's opinion and report were not based
upon hearsay.
{¶17} Assignment of Error I is denied.
II, III
{¶18} Appellant claims his conviction for vehicular manslaughter was against the
sufficiency and manifest weight of the evidence. Specifically, appellant claims there
was no causal connection between the accident on May 18, 2013 and Mr. Lovelady's
death on June 1, 2013, or any proof that Mr. Lovelady was the victim. We disagree.
{¶19} On review for sufficiency, a reviewing court is to examine the evidence at
trial to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would support a conviction. State
v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991). "The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the
evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have
found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt." Jenks at
paragraph two of the syllabus, following Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979). On
review for manifest weight, a reviewing court is to examine the entire record, weigh the
evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and
determine "whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its way and
created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and
a new trial ordered." State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175 (1st Dist.1983). See
also, State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 1997-Ohio-52. The granting of a new trial
"should be exercised only in the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily
against the conviction." Martin at 175. Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 6
{¶20} Appellant was convicted of vehicular manslaughter (with the underlying
misdemeanor offense being assured clear distance ahead) in violation of R.C.
2903.06(A)(4) which states the following:
(A) No person, while operating or participating in the operation of a
motor vehicle, motorcycle, snowmobile, locomotive, watercraft, or aircraft,
shall cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another's
pregnancy in any of the following ways:
(4) As the proximate result of committing a violation of any
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as State v. Reid, 2014-Ohio-1591.]
COURT OF APPEALS LICKING COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. -vs- : : CRAIG REID : Case No. 13-CA-68 : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Municipal Court, Case No. 12 CRB 02051
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: April 11, 2014
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
TRICIA M. MOORE ANDREW T. SANDERSON 40 West Main Street 73 North Sixth Street Newark, OH 43055 Newark, OH 43055 Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 2
Farmer, J.
{¶1} On May 18, 2012, Newark Police Officer Joseph Phillips was dispatched
to the scene of an accident. Upon investigation, Officer Phillips determined appellant,
Craig Reid, was unable to come to a complete stop in time and struck a vehicle being
operated by Olan Lovelady. Mr. Lovelady underwent surgery for injuries sustained in
the accident. Thereafter, he suffered a post-operative heart attack and died on June 1,
2013.
{¶2} On September 19, 2012, appellant was charged with one count of
vehicular manslaughter in violation of R.C. 2903.06(A)(4). A bench trial commenced on
May 29, 2013. Appellant was found guilty. By judgment entry filed July 30, 2013, the
trial court sentenced appellant to thirty days in jail.
{¶3} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for
consideration. Assignments of error are as follows:
I
{¶4} "THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED HARMFUL ERROR IN PERMITTING
THE INTRODUCTION OF HEARSAY EVIDENCE INTO THE PROCEEDINGS
BELOW."
II
{¶5} "THE CONVICTION OF THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT WAS BASED
ON INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SUSATAIN THE SAME."
III
{¶6} "THE CONVICTION OF THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT WAS AGAINST
THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED." Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 3
I
{¶7} Appellant claims the trial court erred in permitting the introduction of
hearsay evidence. We disagree.
{¶8} The admission or exclusion of evidence lies in the trial court's sound
discretion. State v. Sage, 31 Ohio St.3d 173 (1987). In order to find an abuse of that
discretion, we must determine the trial court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or
unconscionable and not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5
Ohio St.3d 217 (1983).
{¶9} Evid.R. 801(C) defines "hearsay" as "a statement, other than one made by
the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth
of the matter asserted."
{¶10} Specifically, appellant points to two instances of inadmissible hearsay: 1)
when Officer Phillips identified the victim of the accident as Olan Lovelady, and 2) when
the coroner relied on Officer Phillips's report to formulate the cause of death.
{¶11} Officer Phillips testified when he arrived at the scene, paramedics were
removing the driver of a gold Buick from the vehicle and administering medical aid. T.
at 9-11. Appellant's statement to Officer Phillips at the scene confirmed that as a result
of being cut off by another vehicle, he struck the gold Buick. T. at 8-9. Officer Phillips
obtained the driver's license of the victim and identified the victim as Olan Lovelady. T.
at 7. Officer Phillips reviewed photographs admitted into evidence and identified the
accident scene, including the victim's vehicle. T. at 10-11. Officer Phillips testified there
was only one person in the gold Buick, Mr. Lovelady. T. at 13. Officer Phillips also Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 4
testified he had brief contact with Mr. Lovelady before he was transported to a hospital
in Columbus. T. at 17.
{¶12} Based upon the testimony of Officer Phillips, we find his determination that
the victim in the gold Buick was Mr. Lovelady does not constitute hearsay.
{¶13} The coroner, Dr. Jan Gorniak, concluded Mr. Lovelady was in a car
accident and died as a "result of complications of blunt impact to the trunk and
extremities due to motor vehicle collision truck vs. car driver and was accidental in
nature." T. at 27.
{¶14} Under Evid.R. 803(9), an exception to the hearsay rule, an official death
certificate and corner's opinion in a report are admissible:
The following are not excluded by the hearsay rule, even though
the declarant is available as a witness:
(9) Records of vital statistics. Records or data compilations, in
any form, of births, fetal deaths, deaths, or marriages, if the report thereof
was made to a public office pursuant to requirement of law.
{¶15} The central issue is whether the coroner's conclusions were based upon
the "hearsay testimony" of Officer Phillips wherein he identified the victim as Mr.
Lovelady, the deceased in the coroner's report.
{¶16} We have found Officer Phillips's identification of Mr. Lovelady did not
constitute hearsay, but was in fact a compilation of direct evidence that he personally Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 5
observed. Upon review, we conclude the coroner's opinion and report were not based
upon hearsay.
{¶17} Assignment of Error I is denied.
II, III
{¶18} Appellant claims his conviction for vehicular manslaughter was against the
sufficiency and manifest weight of the evidence. Specifically, appellant claims there
was no causal connection between the accident on May 18, 2013 and Mr. Lovelady's
death on June 1, 2013, or any proof that Mr. Lovelady was the victim. We disagree.
{¶19} On review for sufficiency, a reviewing court is to examine the evidence at
trial to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would support a conviction. State
v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991). "The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the
evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have
found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt." Jenks at
paragraph two of the syllabus, following Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979). On
review for manifest weight, a reviewing court is to examine the entire record, weigh the
evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and
determine "whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its way and
created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and
a new trial ordered." State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175 (1st Dist.1983). See
also, State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 1997-Ohio-52. The granting of a new trial
"should be exercised only in the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily
against the conviction." Martin at 175. Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 6
{¶20} Appellant was convicted of vehicular manslaughter (with the underlying
misdemeanor offense being assured clear distance ahead) in violation of R.C.
2903.06(A)(4) which states the following:
(A) No person, while operating or participating in the operation of a
motor vehicle, motorcycle, snowmobile, locomotive, watercraft, or aircraft,
shall cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another's
pregnancy in any of the following ways:
(4) As the proximate result of committing a violation of any
provision of any section contained in Title XLV of the Revised Code that is
a minor misdemeanor or of a municipal ordinance that, regardless of the
penalty set by ordinance for the violation, is substantially equivalent to any
provision of any section contained in Title XLV of the Revised Code that is
a minor misdemeanor.
{¶21} Appellant argues there was no evidence to support the finding that Mr.
Lovelady was the driver of the gold Buick. Based upon the testimony of Officer Phillips
as discussed above, we find there was sufficient, credible, direct evidence to find Mr.
Lovelady was the driver/victim of the gold Buick.
{¶22} Appellant also challenges the coroner's opinion of the cause of Mr.
Lovelady's death (T. at 27): Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 7
The Newark Fire Department responded and transported him to
Licking Memorial Hospital, Newark, Ohio. Examination revealed thoracic
spine fracture and a right ulna fracture. Mr. Lovelady was immediately
transferred by Critical Life Care to Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
for further care. The Coroner's Office was notified and Trax Transport was
dispatched this man was then transported to the Coroner's Office where
an autopsy was performed. The death in this case with the end result of
complications of blunt impact to the trunk and extremities due to motor
vehicle collision truck vs. car driver and was accidental in nature.
{¶23} Dr. Gorniak explained further (T. at 28):
Mr. Lovelady had thoracic spine fractures when he underwent an
operation to fuse those together and he had a heart attack…post
operative heart attack, so after he had that surgery he had a heart attack.
Therefore without the surgery he couldn't have a post operative heart
attack and why did he have the surgery, because he had thoracic spine
fractures and how did he have thoracic spine fractures because he was in
a car crash.
{¶24} Although on cross-examination defense counsel persistently challenged
the causation of death, the trial court accepted the undisputed testimony of the coroner. Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 8
{¶25} We note the weight to be given to the evidence and the credibility of the
witnesses are issues for the trier of fact. State v. Jamison, 49 Ohio St.3d 182 (1990).
The trier of fact "has the best opportunity to view the demeanor, attitude, and credibility
of each witness, something that does not translate well on the written page." Davis v.
Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 418, 1997-Ohio-260.
{¶26} Upon review, we find appellant's conviction was based upon sufficient,
credible evidence, and was not a manifest miscarriage of justice.
{¶27} Assignments of Error II and III are denied.
{¶28} The judgment of the Municipal Court of Licking County, Ohio is hereby
affirmed.
By Farmer, J.
Delaney, J. concur and
Hoffman, P.J. concurs separately.
SGF/sg 303 Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-68 9
Hoffman, P.J., concurring
{¶29} I concur in the majority's analysis and disposition of Appellant's three
assignments of error. I write separately only to note I am not convinced our standard of
review of Appellant's first assignment of error is abuse of discretion. Sage deals only
with the admission or exclusion of "relevant" evidence.