State v. Reau

2019 Ohio 164

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: January 18, 2019
• Docket: L-18-1021
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Reau, 2019-Ohio-164.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY

State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. L-18-1021

Appellee Trial Court No. CR0201701319

v.

Robin D. Reau DECISION AND JUDGMENT

Appellant Decided: January 18, 2019

*****

Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and Lauren Carpenter, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.

Ernest E. Bollinger, for appellant.

SINGER, J.

{¶ 1} Appellant, Robin Reau, appeals the December 6, 2017 judgment of the

Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, where she was convicted of two counts of

receiving stolen property in violation of R.C. 2913.51(A) and (C), felonies of the fifth

degree; two counts of tampering with records in violation of R.C. 2913.42(A)(1),(B)(1) and (B)(4), felonies of the third degree; forgery in violation of R.C. 2913.31(A)(3) and

(C)(1)(a),(b), a felony of the fifth degree; and identity fraud in violation of R.C.

2913.49(B)(2) and (I)(2), a felony of the fifth degree. Finding no error, we affirm.

Assignments of Error

I. THE COURT ERRED WHEN IT DENIED DEFENDANT HER

RIGHT TO MAKE A KNOWING, VOLUNTARY AND INTELLIGENT

DECISION TO ENTER HER PLEA.

II. APPELLANT WAS DENIED HER RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE

ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.

Background

{¶ 2} On February 16, 2017, appellant was indicted on 12 counts, including:

5 counts of forgery in violation of R.C. 2913.31(A)(3) and (C)(1)(a) and (b); 3 counts of

receiving stolen property in violation of R.C. 2913.51(A),(C) and 2913.17(B); 3 charges

combined into 1 count of theft in violation of R.C. 2913.02(A)(1) and (B)(2); 1 count of

identity fraud in violation of R.C. 2913.49(B)(2) and (I)(2); and 2 counts of tampering

with records in violation of R.C. 2913.42(A)(1) and (B)(4).

{¶ 3} Eight counts in the indictment reflect that appellant allegedly misused the

identity of an individual named Denise Ann Mills (“the victim”), between July 15 and

July 18, 2016, to pass bad checks, steal items, and receive stolen property. These are

Count Nos. 1 through 7.

2. {¶ 4} Count Nos. 8 and 9 reflect that on or about April 17, 2015, appellant

allegedly submitted a tampered-with record to appellee, the state of Ohio, in the form of

an application for certificate of auto title using the victim’s name.

{¶ 5} The remaining counts, Nos. 10, 11 and 12, reflect that on or about

November 30, 2015, appellant allegedly submitted a tampered-with record to appellee in

the form of an Ohio driver’s license application using the victim’s name.

{¶ 6} On November 20, 2017, a plea hearing was held in which appellant

withdrew previous pleas of not guilty and entered in pleas of guilty to Count Nos. 4, 5, 9,

10, 11, and 12. The plea terms were read into the record, and the trial court proceeded

with an extensive colloquy pursuant to Crim.R. 11.

{¶ 7} The plea form specifically reflects that appellant was pleading guilty to

Count Nos. 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12. In exchange, appellee agreed to nolle Count Nos. 1, 2,

3, 6, 7, and 8, at the time of sentencing. Appellee also recommended “a cap of 42 months

state incarceration, if the Court imposes state incarceration at time of original

sentencing.” The plea form, however, does note as follows: “I[, appellant,] understand

the MAXIMUM penalty COULD be: a maximum basic prison term of 120 months of

which 0 is mandatory, during which I am NOT eligible for judicial release or community

control.”

{¶ 8} Moreover, at the plea hearing, the trial court accepted appellant’s pleas in

open court, concluding the hearing and stating as follows:

3. THE COURT: Let the record reflect that [appellant] has made a

knowing, intelligent, and voluntary decision to withdraw her plea of not

guilty and tender a plea— oh, one second. [Appellant], I’m forgetting an

important step. How do you plead to these counts 4, 5, 9, 12, 10 and 11 of

the indictment?

[APPELLANT]: Guilty.

THE COURT: And why are you entering pleas of guilty?

[APPELLANT]: Because I’m guilty.

THE COURT: Thank you. Let the record reflect that [appellant]

has made a knowing, intelligent and voluntary decision to withdraw her

plea of not guilty and tender a plea of guilty to Counts 4, 5, 9, 12, 10 and 11

in case number 2017-1319. The court finds that [appellant] has been

informed of all her constitutional rights. That she understands the nature of

the charges, the effects of her plea, as well as the penalties which could be

imposed. Therefore the court accepts [appellant]’s pleas of guilty and finds

her guilty * * *.

{¶ 9} After accepting the pleas and finding appellant guilty, the trial court

proceeded and set the matter for sentencing on Monday, December 4, 2017.

{¶ 10} At sentencing, the trial court allowed appellant, her counsel, and appellee

to make a statement. Then it proceeded to sentence appellant on Count Nos. 4, 5, 9, 10,

11, and 12.

4. {¶ 11} Specifically, the sentencing transcript and entry reflect that appellant was

ordered to serve two, 30-month sentences for Count Nos. 9 and 12. These counts were

ordered to be served consecutively. With respect to Nos. 4, 5, 10, and 11, appellant was

ordered to serve six-month terms, which were to be served consecutively to Nos. 9 and

12. These sentences resulted in an aggregate prison term of 84 months.

{¶ 12} As set forth in the plea form, the remaining counts against appellant were

dismissed. The judgment was journalized December 6, 2017, and appellant now appeals.

Assignment of Error No. I

{¶ 13} Appellant first asserts the trial court erred by accepting her pleas when they

were not made knowingly, voluntarily or intelligently. Appellee contends appellant

lawfully entered pleas and that the trial court complied with Crim.R. 11 in accepting the

pleas.

{¶ 14} Crim.R. 11 states, in pertinent part, as follows:

(A) Pleas. A defendant may plead not guilty, not guilty by reason

of insanity, guilty or, with the consent of the court, no contest.* * *

(B) Effect of guilty or no contest pleas. With reference to the

offense or offenses to which the plea is entered: (1) The plea of guilty is a

complete admission of the defendant’s guilt.

***

(3) When a plea of guilty or no contest is accepted pursuant to this

rule, the court, * * * shall proceed with sentencing under Crim.R. 32.

5. (C) Pleas of guilty and no contest in felony cases.

(2) In felony cases the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or

a plea of no contest, and shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest

without first addressing the defendant personally and doing all of the

following:

(a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily,

with understanding of the nature of the charges and of the maximum

penalty involved, and, if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible for

probation or for the imposition of community control sanctions at the

sentencing hearing.

(b) Informing the defendant of and determining that the defendant

understands the effect of the plea of guilty or no contest, and that the court,

upon acceptance of the plea, may proceed with judgment and sentence.

(c) Informing the defendant and determining that the defendant

understands that by the plea the defendant is waiving the rights to jury trial,

to confront witnesses against him or her, to have compulsory process for

obtaining witnesses in the defendant’s favor, and to require the state to

prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial at which the

defendant cannot be compelled to testify against himself or herself.

See Crim.R. 11(A)-(C).

6. {¶ 15} The underlying purpose of Crim.R. 11(C)(2) is to ensure the offender has

the information needed to make a voluntary and intelligent decision regarding whether to

plead guilty. See State v. Contrearus, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-12-1114, 2014-Ohio-996,

¶ 6, citing State v. Ballard, 66 Ohio St.2d 473, 479-480, 423 N.E.2d 115 (1981). With

respect to constitutional rights enunciated in Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c), a trial court must

strictly comply. State v. Colbert, 71 Ohio App.3d 734, 737, 595 N.E.2d 401 (11th

Dist.1991). A trial court, however, need not use the exact language found in that rule.

Ballard, supra, paragraph two of the syllabus. Rather, a trial court must explain those

rights in a manner reasonably intelligible to the offender. Id.

{¶ 16} For nonconstitutional rights, strict adherence to Crim.R. 11(C) is not

required. Contrearus at ¶ 7. Rather, the trial court must substantially comply, provided

no prejudicial effect occurs before a plea is accepted. State v. Stewart, 51 Ohio St.2d 86,

93, 364 N.E.2d 1163 (1977). “Substantial compliance means that under the totality of the

circumstances the defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the

rights he is waiving.” State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 108, 564 N.E.2d 474 (1990).

{¶ 17} Here, and based on our review of the plea form and transcript of the plea

hearing, we find appellant made knowing, voluntary pleas, and that the trial court

complied with Crim.R. 11(C) in accepting her pleas.

{¶ 18} The record reveals the court explained appellant’s constitutional rights in

an intelligible manner. Appellant was explicitly informed of and waived her right to jury

7. trial, to confront witnesses, to have compulsory process, against self-incrimination, and to

require proof of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. See Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(b) and (c).

{¶ 19} Furthermore, review of the plea form and transcript of the plea hearing

support that the court substantially complied with Crim.R. 11(C) with regard to

appellant’s nonconstitutional rights. Appellant was questioned regarding her

understanding of the nature of the charge, informed with regard to the maximum penalty

of 10 years for the charges, and was informed on how she would be subject to community

control and other sanctions once the pleas were accepted.

{¶ 20} We, therefore, find that an extensive colloquy occurred and, under the

totality of the circumstances, appellant understood the implications of her pleas and the

rights she was waiving. The trial court accepted appellant’s pleas and properly proceeded

to sentencing.

{¶ 21} Accordingly, the first assignment of error is not well-taken.

Assignment of Error No. II

{¶ 22} Appellant next asserts that her trial counsel failed to provide effective

assistance when advising her regarding her pleas. Appellee contends appellant received

effective assistance of counsel.

{¶ 23} In evaluating ineffective assistance of counsel claims, the test is “whether

the accused, under all the circumstances, * * * had a fair trial and substantial justice was

done.” State v. Hester, 45 Ohio St.2d 71, 341 N.E.2d 304 (1976), paragraph four of the

syllabus; Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674

8. (1984). A court must determine “whether there has been a substantial violation of any of

defense counsel’s essential duties to her client” and “whether the defense was prejudiced

by counsel’s ineffectiveness.” State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 289, 714 N.E.2d 905

(1999).

{¶ 24} In this case, appellant specifically implies that appellant’s trial counsel was

under the influence of drugs and did not fully understand the proceedings in which

appellee mentioned that the victim had changed her position with respect to the sentence

cap recommendation. Appellant notes that her trial counsel was arrested on May 14,

2018, for possession of a controlled substance.

{¶ 25} At sentencing, appellee mentioned the victim changed her position in open

court as follows:

THE COURT: * * * Anything from the state?

[APPELLEE]: Judge, I would just like to indicate to the court that

the victim is present in the court today. It’s my understanding that she did

write a letter and that letter was given to the court prior to the sentencing.

Further, judge, just for the record, I do want to indicate that I did have a

conversation with the victim and explained to her the cap recommendation,

that it was a recommendation per part of the plea agreement. She did leave

me a voicemail this afternoon saying that she did change her position with

respect to the cap recommendation, so I don’t know if that is reflected in

9. her letter that she wrote to the court. I did not have an opportunity to

review that record or the letter. But I do want to make a record of that.

THE COURT: And the victim, for the record, does not wish to

make a statement in open court; is that correct?

[APPELLEE]: That is correct.

THE COURT: Okay. Anything else from the state?

[APPELLEE]: No, Judge.

{¶ 26} Appellant’s trial counsel did not object or otherwise interject. Appellant

now claims trial counsel should have interjected and taken the time to explain to

appellant that the chances of the court following appellee’s recommended sentence

virtually disappeared. These facts considered, appellant argues, should lead this court to

find that trial counsel failed to provide effective assistance because appellant’s ability to

make knowing, intelligent pleas and waivers of constitutional rights was essentially

eliminated.

{¶ 27} Nevertheless, based on our review of the record, including the transcript of

the plea hearing and the plea form submitted in the record, we disagree. Specifically, we

found appellant understood her pleas and the rights she was waiving, and that the trial

court accepted the pleas and properly proceeded to sentencing.

{¶ 28} While accepting appellant’s pleas, the trial court confirmed appellant spoke

to her counsel about the pleas, had no promises made regarding her sentence, was not

threatened or forced to plead, and that she was satisfied with her counsel. The trial court

10. confirmed appellant knew and understood that the recommended 42-month sentence was

not binding, as follows:

THE COURT: And I do believe there’s a sentencing

recommendation, the State of Ohio is recommending a cap of 42 months of

state incarceration if the court is to impose a prison sentence at the time of

sentencing. Do you understand that is not a binding recommendation and

the court is free to sentence you as it sees fit?

[APPELLANT]: Yes, ma’am.

{¶ 29} Moreover, at the plea hearing the trial court also elaborated on the

potential, aggregate prison term associated with the plea entered into by appellant,

summarizing and stating as follows:

THE COURT: [Appellant], you understand you are facing a

maximum prison term of 120 months or ten years in prison, of which none

is mandatory time, if the court were to sentence you to maximum

consecutive sentences as to each of these counts?

{¶ 30} The plea form appellant signed also reflects that she was made aware in

writing that the recommended sentence was not binding. Therefore, we cannot say

appellant’s trial counsel was ineffective for not objecting or interjecting and explaining to

appellant that the recommended sentencing was not binding, because the record reflects

appellant fully understood that and entered in her plea despite that possibility.

11. {¶ 31} Accordingly, we find appellant’s second assigned error is not well-taken.

Conclusion

{¶ 32} The December 6, 2017 judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common

Pleas is affirmed. Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R.

24.

Judgment affirmed.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.

Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ Christine E. Mayle, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE

This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.

12.