State v. Rean

420 N.W.2d 680, 1988 Minn. App. LEXIS 323, 1988 WL 20553
Court of Appeals of Minnesota·Decided March 15, 1988·No. C5-87-518·Published·Cited by 1 cases

Opinion

OPINION

NIERENGARTEN, Judge.

After a mistrial, the appellant was convicted of third degree burglary. The appellant contends he was denied his right to counsel, was placed in double jeopardy, and was denied a fair trial. The appellant also claims the evidence does not support his conviction and that the trial court erroneously calculated his criminal history score. We affirm.

FACTS

While making an early morning routine check of a commercial building, a police officer observed the door closing on a van parked inside the building. The officer found the main entrance of the building had been forced open. A canine officer was called and he sent his dog into the building. Richard Rean appeared from behind a door and was arrested. The police found twenty-five dollars in one-dollar bills, forty-four dollars in quarters and $7.61 in smaller change in Rean’s pockets. Two vending machines in the building were com *682 pletely emptied of money, and file cabinets and desk drawers had been ransacked. The van’s keys were in the ignition and the van was loaded with hand and power tools from the shop which were not in the van at the end of the previous work day.

Rean told officers the door to the building was open and he went in to get out of the rain. Rean was charged with third degree burglary. Following a number of pretrial hearings, at which Rean was represented by public defenders, Rean chose to proceed pro se.

Rean’s trial for third degree burglary ended in a mistrial. His second trial resulted in conviction and he was sentenced to 45 months to be served concurrently with a sentence for another burglary conviction. Rean appeals, claiming he was denied his right to counsel, placed in double jeopardy by the second trial, and denied a fair trial. Rean also claims the evidence does not support his conviction and that the trial court erred in computing his criminal history score.

ISSUES

1. Was appellant denied his right to legal counsel?

2. Was appellant’s second trial barred by the prohibition against being placed in double jeopardy?

3. Was appellant denied a fair trial as a result of prosecutorial misconduct?

4. Did the trial court err in responding to jury questions outside the presence of appellant?

5. Did the trial court err in computing appellant’s criminal history score?

6. Does the evidence support appellant’s conviction?

ANALYSIS

1. Right to Legal Counsel

Rean was represented by the two public defenders but was dissatisfied with their representation. Rean seemed to feel that he was entitled to a choice of attorneys. A criminal defendant has the right to assistance of counsel for his or her defense. U.S. Const. amend. VI; Minn. Const. art. 1, § 6. However, a criminal defendant does not have “the unbridled right to be represented by counsel of his choice.” State v. Vance, 254 N.W.2d 353, 358 (Minn.1977). The trial court had no obligation to supply Rean with other counsel. Rean knowingly chose to proceed pro se.

2. Double Jeopardy Claim

Rean next argues that his second trial placed him in jeopardy for the second time for the same offense.

No person shall * * * be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb * * *.

U.S. Const. amend. V. Jeopardy attaches when a jury is impaneled and sworn. State v. McDonald, 298 Minn. 449, 452, 215 N.W. 2d 607, 609 (1974). Under certain circumstances, a trial court may declare a mistrial and retry a defendant without violating the fifth amendment prohibition against double jeopardy. Id. at 453, 215 N.W.2d at 609. When a mistrial is granted over the objections of a defendant, “manifest necessity” for a mistrial must be shown before the defendant may be retried. Arizona v. Washington, 434 U.S. 497, 505, 98 S.Ct. 824, 830, 54 L.Ed.2d 717 (1978).

Such “manifest necessity” exists in this case. In Rean’s first trial, the jury was duly sworn and impaneled when a police officer testified that Rean requested an attorney during questioning. That testimony violated Rean’s constitutional rights because the jury could speculate that Rean invoked his privilege not to speak only because he was guilty. See State v. Roberts, 296 Minn. 347, 353, 208 N.W.2d 744, 747 (1973); State v. Beck, 289 Minn. 287, 292, 183 N.W.2d 781, 784 (1971).

The trial court correctly declared a mistrial even though Rean wished to continue with the trial.

“Where, for reasons deemed compelling by the trial judge, who is best situated intelligently to make such a decision, the ends of substantial justice cannot be attained without discontinuing the trial, a *683 mistrial may be declared without the defendant’s consent and even over his objection, and he may be retried consistently with the Fifth Amendment.”

McDonald, 298 Minn, at 453-54, 215 N.W. 2d at 609-10 (quoting Gori v. United States, 367 U.S. 364, 368, 81 S.Ct. 1523, 1526, 6 L.Ed.2d 901 (1961)). The Fifth Amendment prohibition against double jeopardy did not preclude Rean’s second trial.

3. Prosecutor’s Closing Comments

Rean also objected to the prosecutor’s closing remarks which emphasized that the jury should not hold it against Rean for not testifying. See State v. Southard, 360 N.W.2d 376, 383 (Minn.Ct.App.1985), pet. for rev. denied (Minn. Apr. 12, 1985). However, the court’s instructions to the jury emphasized the fact that the closing remarks of either party were not evidence.

Even if one assumed the remarks constituted misconduct:

The decision about whether a new trial should be granted because of prosecuto-rial misconduct lies in the discretion of the trial court and will not be reversed unless the misconduct, viewed in the light of the whole record, appears to be inexcusable and so serious and prejudicial that the defendant’s right to a fair trial has been denied. The court looks at whether the misconduct is likely to have played a substantial role in influencing the jury to convict.

State v. Wilford, 408 N.W.2d 577, 580 (Minn.1987) (citation omitted). It is unlikely, considering the strong evidence against Rean, that the prosecutor’s comments substantially affected the jury’s decision.

⅛. Jury Question Responses

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State v. Rean, 420 N.W.2d 680, 1988 Minn. App. LEXIS 323, 1988 WL 20553 (Mich. Ct. App. 1988).

420 N.W.2d 680 (State v. Rean) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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