State v. R. E. C.

436 A.2d 573, 181 N.J. Super. 79, 1981 N.J. Super. LEXIS 706
CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
DecidedAugust 21, 1981
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 436 A.2d 573 (State v. R. E. C.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. R. E. C., 436 A.2d 573, 181 N.J. Super. 79, 1981 N.J. Super. LEXIS 706 (N.J. Ct. App. 1981).

Opinion

D’ANNUNZIO, J. S. C.

Petitioner was indicted for aggravated assault. Specifically, Indictment 134-J-79 charged that on November 19,1979 he “did knowingly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life point a firearm at or in the direction of [victim].” The alleged victim was an infant. A judgment of acquittal on a jury verdict of not guilty was [81]*81entered on June 17, 1980. An order expunging the record of this prosecution pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:52 — 1 et seq. is sought. The prosecutor has objected. The record upon which the court’s decision is based consists of the verified petition for expungement, a supplemental petition for expungement, a statement in support of petition for expungement, the indictment and a judgment of acquittal, two affidavits of assistant prosecutor Campbell, both dated May 22, 1981, a written statement by petitioner consisting of 22 pages of single-spaced legal size paper (hereinafter referred to as petitioner’s statement or narrative), and the record of the Trenton Psychiatric Hospital regarding petitioner’s August 10, 1980 commitment. The matter has been submitted to the court on this record without testimony.

Prosecutor’s objection is based upon the allegation that petitioner is mentally ill and dangerous and that the record of this prosecution should therefore be available to other law enforcement personnel with whom petitioner may become involved in the future.

N.J.S.A. 2C:52-6 authorizes the expungement of the records of prosecutions which have resulted in acquittals. However, the right to expungement is not absolute, even in the cases resulting in acquittal. N.J.S.A. 2C:52-14(b) provides that expungement shall be denied when “the need for the availability of the records outweighs the desirability of having a person freed from any disabilities as otherwise provided in this chapter.” An application may be denied under this subsection only following objection of a party given notice pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:52-10, and “the burden of asserting such grounds shall be on the objector.” The county prosecutor, as a person entitled to notice, has standing to object and to assert the applicability of subsection 14(b) as grounds for denial.

In ruling upon an expungement petition, it is the court’s obligation to make specific factual findings, draw conclusions from those facts as to the establishment of criteria for granting or withholding expungement, and express the reasons [82]*82for the conclusions. See State v. King, 156 N.J.Super. 42 (App.Div.1978), decided under N.J.S.A. 2A:85 — 15 et seq., the predecessor expungement statute. The State does not dispute that petitioner has made a prima facie showing of entitlement to expungement under N.J.S.A. 2C:52-6, 7 and 8(a). The sole disputed issue is the applicability of NJ.S.A. 2C:52-14(b), i. e., whether the need for the record outweighs the purpose of expungement. The burden of establishing the factual foundation for the applicability of that subsection to deny expungement rests with the prosecutor as objector. Although the ex-pungement chapter is silent as to the standard of proof to be applied, the Code of Criminal Justice generally requires at least a preponderance of the evidence standard when dealing with matters other than the establishment of the elements of a crime. See N.J.S.A. 2C:1 — 13(f), requiring preponderance of the evidence in civil actions commenced pursuant to 2C; N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6(e)(3), requiring defendant to prove termination of complicity by a preponderance of the evidence; N.J.S.A. 2C:2-12(b), requiring establishment of entrapment by a preponderance of the evidence; N.J.S.A. 2C:4-1, establishment of insanity by a preponderance; N.J.S.A. 2C:5-1(d), renunciation of criminal purpose in an attempt prosecution to be established by preponderance, and N.J.S.A. 2C:5-2(e), requiring renunciation of criminal purpose is a conspiracy prosecution to be established by a preponderance. Two sections of the Code establish a standard of “to the satisfaction of the court”: N.J.S.A. 2C:1-13(d), application of the Code dependent upon the finding of a fact, and NJ.S.A. 2C:4-11, burden of prosecution to establish that defendant not a juvenile. Logically it would appear that for a fact to be established “to the satisfaction of the court” there would be at least a preponderance of evidence in support of that fact. That is the position taken in the New Jersey Penal Code, vol. II: Commentary, “Final Report of the New Jersey Criminal Law Revision Commission,” 37 which states:

The standard of proof ... e., that the fact “be established to the satisfaction” of the tribunal, is intentionally ambiguous. It means at least proof by a [83]*83preponderance of the evidence but beyond that the issue is left to the courts. The variety of situations requires flexibility.

The court has found no proof burden established by the Code which is less onerous than the preponderance standard.

To deny expungement the prosecutor must establish facts from which the court can conclude that the 14(b) criteria have been established. The prosecutor must establish the facts by a preponderance of the evidence. However, since denial of ex-pungement in the context of an acquittal would constitute an unusual exercise of judicial power, the facts established should clearly convince the court that the need for the availability of the records outweighs the desirable effects of expungement.

On August 10, 1980, petitioner was committed to Trenton Psychiatric Hospital by a municipal court judge. He was discharged on September 17, 1980. According to the hospital records, the discharge was also by court order. The hospital’s provisional and final diagnosis was schizophrenia, paranoid type. Although it is not entirely clear, there are references in the hospital record which indicate that the municipal court commitment resulted from a confrontation between petitioner and other members of his family in which petitioner wielded a loaded firearm. There are other references in the hospital record that could lead to an inference that petitioner is dangerous. A psychological evaluation report dated August 12 noted the psychologist’s concern that petitioner “may well begin to act out” and “that this acting out might well be dangerous.”

Petitioner’s 22-page, hand-written statement, referred to by the prosecutor as petitioner’s “letter to the F.B.I.,” is corroborative of the information in the hospital’s record. It reveals the author as a rather disturbed and pathetic individual.

The prosecutor has established by a preponderance of evidence that the petitioner is mentally ill.

The prosecutor’s argument against expungement is best expressed by this quotation from his letter memorandum to the court:

[84]*84Based on the information contained in [R.E.C.’s] psychological records, his letter to the F.B.I., and the information in Ms. Campbell’s affidavits (including his possible violation of gun laws at present), it appears very likely that [R.E.C.] will come in contact with law enforcement officials in the future in some type of situation. When that situation arises, law enforcement officials will have to make a judgment as to what action to take with regard to [R.E.C.’s] behavior.

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Bluebook (online)
436 A.2d 573, 181 N.J. Super. 79, 1981 N.J. Super. LEXIS 706, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-r-e-c-njsuperctappdiv-1981.