State v. Q.L.B.

673 So. 2d 779, 1994 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 498, 1994 WL 717051
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Alabama
DecidedDecember 29, 1994
DocketCR 93-1466
StatusPublished

This text of 673 So. 2d 779 (State v. Q.L.B.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Q.L.B., 673 So. 2d 779, 1994 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 498, 1994 WL 717051 (Ala. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

BOWEN, Presiding Judge.

This is an appeal by the State from the ruling of the Juvenile Court of Madison County granting the juvenile’s motion to suppress. Because we find that the police officer had sufficient probable cause to arrest the juvenile without a warrant, we reverse the judgment of the juvenile court.

A delinquency petition charged 16-year-old Q.L.B.1 with burglary in the third degree, theft in the second degree, and receiving stolen property. After a hearing to determine whether the juvenile should be transferred to circuit court for criminal prosecution as an adult, the juvenile court found that the arresting officer had no probable cause to arrest the juvenile and granted the juvenile’s motion to suppress. We reverse.

“ ‘[Pjrobable cause’ to justify an arrest means facts and circumstances within the officer’s knowledge that are sufficient to warrant a prudent person, or one of reasonable caution, in believing, in the circumstances shown, that the suspect has committed, is committing, or is about to commit an offense.” Michigan v. DeFillippo, 443 U.S. 31, 37, 99 S.Ct. 2627, 2632, 61 L.Ed.2d 343 (1979). “[G]ood faith on the part of the arresting officers is not enough. Probable cause exists if the facts and circumstances known to the officer warrant a prudent man in believing that the offense has been committed.” Henry v. United States, 361 U.S. 98, 102, 80 S.Ct. 168, 171, 4 L.Ed.2d 134 (1959).

Huntsville Police Officer Bobby Abernathy was the only witness to testify at the transfer hearing. Abernathy testified that after receiving a radio dispatch concerning suspicious behavior by three male juveniles, he stopped three juveniles meeting the description contained in the radio dispatch. When the juveniles failed to satisfactorily identify or explain their possession of several electronic items discovered inside the tote bags in their possession, Abernathy concluded that further investigation into their involvement in a possible burglary was warranted. He stated that he then placed the three juveniles in his patrol car and that at that time they [780]*780were not free to leave. Abernathy said that at this point he called an investigator to come to the scene and his involvement in the case ended. According to Abernathy, he did not place the juveniles under arrest because he “did not say, TTou’re under arrest.’ ” R. 13. Later, at the police station, one of the juveniles confessed to breaking into a house and stealing the items found in the bags. It was after this confession that Q.L.B. was officially arrested and charged with a crime.

The actual point of an arrest is usually a question of fact. Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, 88 S.Ct. 1889, 20 L.Ed.2d 917 (1968); Foy v. State, 387 So.2d 321 (Ala.Cr. App.1980). An arrest occurs when one’s freedom of movement has been curtailed. Henry v. United States, 361 U.S. 98, 103, 80 S.Ct. 168, 171, 4 L.Ed.2d 134 (1959); Foy, supra, at 324. In 6A C.J.S. Arrest § 2 (1975), ‘arrest’ is defined:
“‘An arrest is the taking, seizing, or detaining the person of another by touching, or by any act which indicates an intention to take him into custody and subject the person arrested to the actual control and will of the person making the arrest, or any deprivation of the liberty of one person by another or any detention of him, for however short a time, without his consent, and against his will, whether it was by actual violence, threats, or otherwise.’ ”

Waldrop v. State, 462 So.2d 1021, 1028 (Ala. Cr.App.1984) (emphasis added in Waldrop), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1019,105 S.Ct. 3483,87 L.Ed.2d 618 (1985).

“‘Custody’ involves a ‘restraint or detention by a public servant pursuant to a lawful arrest.’ § 13A-10-30(b)(l) [Ala. Code 1975]. ‘The term [“custody”] is very elastic and may mean actual imprisonment or physical detention or mere power, legal or physical, of imprisoning or of taking manual possession.’ Black’s Law Dictionary 347 (rev. 5th ed. 1979). See also Alexander v. State, 475 So.2d 625 (Ala.Cr. App.1984), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Alexander, 475 So.2d 628 (Ala.1985). An individual is in custody even though he is lawfully physically restrained for the briefest period of time.” Sanders v. State, 512 So.2d 809, 811 (Ala.Cr. App.1987), overruled on related grounds, Ex parte McReynolds, 662 So.2d 886 (Ala.1994).

Officer Abernathy admitted that because he suspected that the three juveniles had committed a crime, he placed the juveniles in his patrol car and they were not allowed to leave. He also testified that he called for backup at this time. It is clear that Q.L.B. had been deprived of his liberty and was “in custody” once he was ordered to get inside the police car and was denied the option of leaving. It is therefore necessary that the probable cause to arrest Q.L.B. precede this event.

The circumstances of this case required that Abernathy have reasonable suspicion to stop and question the juveniles because there was no probable cause to arrest the juveniles when he initially encountered them. “[A] police officer may in appropriate circumstances and in an appropriate maimer approach a person for purposes of investigating possibly criminal behavior even though there is no probable cause to make an arrest.” Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 22, 88 S.Ct. 1868,1880,20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968).

“Section 15-5-30, Ala.Code 1975, provides that a law enforcement officer ‘may stop any person abroad in a public place whom he reasonably suspects is committing, has committed or is about to commit a felony or other public offense and may demand of him his name, address and an explanation of his actions.’ (Emphasis [omitted]). The statute is a codification of the principles announced in Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968). See Key v. State, 566 So.2d 251, 252 (Ala. Cr.App.1990).”

Hopkins v. State, 661 So.2d 774, 778 (Ala.Cr. App.1994).

Abernathy testified that at approximately 9:00 on the morning of Wednesday, February 16,1994, he received a radio dispatch reporting that “three young black males [were] going door to door” in a specific neighborhood. R. 5. There was information that the complainant had stated that she “thought [the juveniles] were possibly breaking into houses.” R. 5. The three suspects were described as wearing large baggy clothes, [781]*781one was big and two were smaller, and they were carrying two bags, one of which was “a black ... tote bag.” R. 5, 7. Abernathy knew that several burglaries had recently been committed in this neighborhood. Although information received over a radio dispatch does not alone create probable cause to arrest, Brinks v. State, 500 So.2d 1311, 1313 (Ala.Cr.App.1986), this information may create reasonable suspicion to stop and question a suspect.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Henry v. United States
361 U.S. 98 (Supreme Court, 1959)
Terry v. Ohio
392 U.S. 1 (Supreme Court, 1968)
Sibron v. New York
392 U.S. 40 (Supreme Court, 1968)
Michigan v. DeFillippo
443 U.S. 31 (Supreme Court, 1979)
Waldrop v. State
462 So. 2d 1021 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, 1984)
Sanders v. State
512 So. 2d 809 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, 1987)
Hopkins v. State
661 So. 2d 774 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, 1994)
Key v. State
566 So. 2d 251 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, 1990)
Ex Parte McReynolds
662 So. 2d 886 (Supreme Court of Alabama, 1994)
Brinks v. State
500 So. 2d 1311 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, 1986)
Foy v. State
387 So. 2d 321 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, 1980)
Alexander v. State
475 So. 2d 625 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, 1984)
Ex Parte Alexander
475 So. 2d 628 (Supreme Court of Alabama, 1985)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
673 So. 2d 779, 1994 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 498, 1994 WL 717051, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-qlb-alacrimapp-1994.