State v. Price

701 So. 2d 1204, 1997 Fla. App. LEXIS 13296, 1997 WL 730732
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedNovember 26, 1997
DocketNo. 96-3154
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 701 So. 2d 1204 (State v. Price) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Price, 701 So. 2d 1204, 1997 Fla. App. LEXIS 13296, 1997 WL 730732 (Fla. Ct. App. 1997).

Opinion

SCHWARTZ, Chief Judge.

During a trial on drug charges, the trial judge announced that he would grant the defendant’s motion for mistrial because the state had adduced prejudicially improper evidence against him. At the instance of the prosecution, however, he agreed — to avoid a retrial if the defendant were acquitted — to submit the case to the jury. When the defendant was found guilty, the court entered a comprehensive and well-considered “order granting defendant’s ore tenus motion for mistrial” which stated:

The Defendant was charged by information with one count of Sale of Cocaine and one count of Possession of Cocaine.
* * * * * *
During voir dire, all prospective jurors were questioned together, and the names of the potential witnesses were read to the jurors. Three of the prospective jurors, Arlene Knecht, Robert Stokey and Lisa Bianco-Vigil, all testified that they knew Mark Kruger as a deputy for the Monroe County Sheriffs Office. They were questioned at length by the State as to their relationships with Deputy Kruger. None of the three jurors were chosen to serve on the final jury.
At trial, the State called Deputy Mark Kruger as a witness for the prosecution. Deputy Kruger appeared at trial in full Deputy Sheriff’s Uniform. He was questioned by Asst. State Attorney Mr. Garcia as follows:
“BY MR. GARCIA:
Q. Please introduce yourself to the ladies and gentlemen of the jury.
A. My name is Deputy Mark Kruger.
Q. Who are you employed by?
A. Monroe County Sheriffs Office.
Q. How long have you been with the Sheriffs Office?
A. March will be four years full-time and about four years as a reserve officer prior to that.
[1205]*1205Q. Have you ever worked in the Hibiscus Park area?
A. Yes, sir, I have.
Q. For how long?
A. Through the entire time that I’ve been on road patrol. I work primarily the north end, which encompasses the Hibiscus Park area. In addition to that, for about a year and a half I worked Hibiscus Park exclusively.
Q. For a year and a half you only worked the Hibiscus Park area?
A. That’s correct.
Q. Did you get to know a lot of the residents of Hibiscus Park in that year and a half?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Did you get to know them by name and face?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Have you ever met someone called Samuel Price?
A. I’ve known Sammie for probably five, six years, something like that.
Q. Do you see Samuel Price in the courtroom here today?
A. Yes, sir, I do.
Q. Would you please point him out, describe an article of clothing he is wearing?
A. Mr. Price is wearing kind of a light brown jacket with a white shirt, sitting next to Mr, Strickland.
Q. Does Mr. Price have a tie on?
A. No, sir, he does not.
MR. GARCIA: Your Honor, may the record reflect the witness identified the defendant?
THE COURT: The record will so reflect.
MR. STRICKLAND: Objection. Your
Honor, may we approach?
THE COURT: Please approach.”

The Defense thereafter moved for a mistrial pursuant to Hardie v. State, 513 So.2d 791 (Fla.App. 4 Dist.1987). In the instant case, Officer Kruger was not involved in the initial videotaped drug sting operation, but, some time later, reviewed the videotape of the drug buy and identified the Defendant, Samuel Price, as the individual in the transaction. Since he was not directly involved in the instant case, Deputy Kruger’s sole purpose was to provide his opinion as to the identification of the Defendant. In Hardie, the officers were called to provide opinion testimony as to the identity of the persons depicted in a videotape recording of the crime. The Court determined as follows:

“The officers based their identification of appellant from their prior knowledge and contacts with appellant.... (W)e find merit in appellant’s contention that he suffered prejudice as a result of the witnesses being identified as police officers and then testifying concerning his identity because it created the impression that he had been involved in other criminal activities or had a prior record.” ([Id. at] p. 792).
“The trial court should have instructed the state and the witnesses not to divulge the nature of the witnesses’ occupation or the circumstances of their involvement with the appellant ... ”([Id. at] p. 793).
“We are satisfied from this record that appellant suffered prejudice and was denied a fair trial from the disclosure of the police officers’ occupation in conjunction with their ability to identify appellant.”([M at] p. 794).

The First [District] appears to agree that the occupation of the police officer should not be disclosed. In Edwards v. State, 583 So.2d 740, 741 (Fla.App. 1 Dist. 1991), the court found that Deputy Heape, a police officer, could testify if his identity as a police officer was not divulged:

‘We agree with the state that under proper conditions, such as the state laying a predicate showing that Heape had prior knowledge of or a special familiarity with appellant that would enable him to identify her or that he was particularly qualified as an expert in videotape identification, Heape’s identification testimony might be deemed admissible, if Heape were not identified to the jury as a police officer.” (Emphasis by the Court of Appeal).

[1206]*1206The State relies on State v. Cordia, 564 So.2d 601 (Fla.App. 2 Dist.1990), for the proposition that the police officers should be allowed to testify. However, Cordia is distinguishable in that the jury’s knowledge of the witnesses’ occupation was not an issue. The trial court in Cordia granted a Motion in Limine to exclude the officer’s opinion testimony as to identification. The Court in Cordia relies on Hardie for approval of this identification procedure, however, does not consider the issue as to jury knowledge of the employment of the witness. This procedure was also approved in Early v. State, 543 So.2d 868 (Fla.App. 5 Dist.1989), yet again the Court stressed that the witness was not identified as a police officer. The fact scenario in Early was virtually identical to the one in this case, as pronounced by the Early court:

“Appellant sold cocaine to an undercover agent and a videotape of the transaction was made. At trial the undercover agent was tentative in his identification of appellant because appellant’s appearance had been changed since the sale.

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Bluebook (online)
701 So. 2d 1204, 1997 Fla. App. LEXIS 13296, 1997 WL 730732, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-price-fladistctapp-1997.