[Cite as State v. Preston, 2020-Ohio-1042.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 28451 : v. : Trial Court Case No. 2011-CR-3212/2 : ATRAVION PRESTON : (Criminal Appeal from : Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant : :
...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 20th day of March, 2020.
MATHIAS H. HECK JR. by JAMIE J. RIZZO, Atty. Reg. No. 0099218, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, Montgomery County Courts Building, 301 West Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
KIMBERLY K. CORRAL, Atty. Reg. No. 0089866, 16855 Foltz Industrial Parkway, Strongsville, Ohio 44149 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
.............
HALL, J. -2-
{¶ 1} Atravion Preston appeals from a trial court judgment overruling his post-
sentence motion to withdraw his guilty pleas and dismissing his petition for post-
conviction relief. We affirm.
I. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} In March 2012, Preston pleaded guilty to one count of aggravated burglary
and one count of rape. He moved to withdraw his plea eight days later on the grounds
that he did not knowingly plead guilty. He claimed that he did not understand the nature
of his offenses, his constitutional rights, or what he was doing at the plea hearing. Preston
also argued that the victim was unable to identify him during the bind-over hearing in
juvenile court and that additional investigation was needed. After an evidentiary hearing,
the trial court overruled his plea withdrawal motion. The trial court sentenced Preston to
an aggregate term of 12 years in prison.
{¶ 3} Preston appealed from the judgment overruling his plea withdrawal motion.
He argued that he did not knowingly plead guilty, because he did not understand all
aspects of his case or what was discussed at the plea hearing. In September 2013, we
affirmed the trial court’s judgment in State v. Preston, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25393,
2013-Ohio-4404 (Preston I). We concluded that the record established that Preston
knowingly pleaded guilty, that the trial court considered all the factors that must be
weighed when ruling on a motion to withdraw a plea, and that a majority of them weighed
against withdrawal.
{¶ 4} Around five years later, in September 2018, Preston filed pro se a motion to
withdraw his pleas and a petition for post-conviction relief. As grounds for withdrawal, he -3-
cited ineffective assistance of trial counsel, conflict of interest, and actual innocence. He
also claimed that he did not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily plead guilty. The state
moved to dismiss the petition for post-conviction relief or, alternatively, for summary
judgment.
{¶ 5} On May 31, 2019, the trial court sustained the state’s motion for summary
judgment, overruling Preston’s motion to withdraw his guilty pleas and dismissing his
petition for post-conviction relief. On the plea withdrawal motion, the court concluded that
Preston failed to show manifest injustice. On the petition, the court concluded that it was
untimely and that Preston failed to satisfy the untimeliness exception, leaving the court
without jurisdiction to rule on it.
{¶ 6} Preston appeals.
II. Analysis
{¶ 7} Preston assigns two errors to the trial court. The first challenges the
overruling of his motion to withdraw his guilty pleas, and the second challenges the
dismissal of his petition for post-conviction relief.
A. Post-sentence motion to withdraw guilty pleas
{¶ 8} The first assignment of error alleges:
The Trial Court Abused its Discretion When it Denied Appellant’s [Crim.R.]
32.1 without Conducting a Meritorious Analysis of Petitioner’s Manifest
Injustice Claim.
{¶ 9} “Appellate courts review trial court decisions on motions to withdraw pleas
for abuse of discretion.” State v. Rozell, 2018-Ohio-1722, 111 N.E.3d 861, ¶ 25 (2d Dist.),
citing State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977), paragraph two of the -4-
syllabus.
{¶ 10} Crim.R. 32.1 provides that a trial court may grant a defendant’s post-
sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea “to correct manifest injustice.” “A defendant who
seeks to withdraw a plea of guilty after the imposition of sentence has the burden of
establishing the existence of manifest injustice.” Smith at paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶ 11} The trial court here relied on our decision in State v. Dixon, 2d Dist. Clark
No. 2017-CA-80, 2019-Ohio-1385, to overrule Preston’s post-sentence motion to
withdraw his guilty pleas. In Dixon, we said that “a manifest injustice cannot be
established where a defendant could have sought redress ‘through another form of
application,’ including a direct appeal.” Id. at ¶ 7, quoting State v. Minkner, 2d Dist.
Champaign No. 2009 CA 16, 2009-Ohio-5625, ¶ 25-32. “Thus, much like res judicata,”
we said, “the manifest-injustice standard precludes relief under Crim.R. 32.1 when an
issue could have been raised on direct appeal.” Id. at ¶ 8.
{¶ 12} The trial court concluded that the claims Preston raised in support of his
post-sentence motion to withdraw could have been raised on direct appeal. We agree. In
Preston I, Preston appealed from the trial court judgment overruling his presentence
motion to withdraw his guilty pleas on grounds that he did not knowingly plead guilty. He
argued in his motion to withdraw that he lacked the requisite knowledge to enter his guilty
pleas, because he did not understand the nature of his offenses, his constitutional rights,
or what was going on at the plea hearing. He testified to all of this at an evidentiary
hearing. In the current post-sentence motion to withdraw, Preston asserts five claims of
trial counsel’s ineffectiveness. He argues that trial counsel was ineffective for (1) failing
to investigate the collection of evidence, including DNA evidence; (2) failing to investigate -5-
witnesses; (3) creating a conflict of interest based on counsel’s prior position with the
prosecutor’s office, (4) deceiving him into entering the guilty pleas, and (5) advising him
to plead guilty despite knowing that he is innocent. Preston did not make these claims in
his earlier appeal. He could have made them, since they all concern things that happened
before he entered his pleas. Indeed, Preston apparently raised many of these issues in
his earlier appeal—the communication between Preston and his trial counsel before the
plea, that counsel had been a prosecutor, the bind-over hearing, the DNA evidence, the
laptop, and his codefendant’s statements. See Preston I at ¶ 11-14. But he did not assert
claims of ineffective assistance of counsel based on these issues.
{¶ 13} We also conclude that res judicata bars Preston’s plea-withdrawal claims.
In Dixon, the defendant argued that res judicata did not apply to the arguments raised in
his Crim.R. 32.1 motion to withdraw. Although our district’s jurisprudence at that time was
contrary to at least seven other districts, we cited to our case law that held “strictly
speaking, res judicata does not apply to a plea-withdrawal motion.” Dixon at ¶ 7, quoting
State v. Cochran, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2006 CA 87, 2007-Ohio-4545, ¶ 17.
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[Cite as State v. Preston, 2020-Ohio-1042.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 28451 : v. : Trial Court Case No. 2011-CR-3212/2 : ATRAVION PRESTON : (Criminal Appeal from : Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant : :
...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 20th day of March, 2020.
MATHIAS H. HECK JR. by JAMIE J. RIZZO, Atty. Reg. No. 0099218, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, Montgomery County Courts Building, 301 West Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
KIMBERLY K. CORRAL, Atty. Reg. No. 0089866, 16855 Foltz Industrial Parkway, Strongsville, Ohio 44149 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
.............
HALL, J. -2-
{¶ 1} Atravion Preston appeals from a trial court judgment overruling his post-
sentence motion to withdraw his guilty pleas and dismissing his petition for post-
conviction relief. We affirm.
I. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} In March 2012, Preston pleaded guilty to one count of aggravated burglary
and one count of rape. He moved to withdraw his plea eight days later on the grounds
that he did not knowingly plead guilty. He claimed that he did not understand the nature
of his offenses, his constitutional rights, or what he was doing at the plea hearing. Preston
also argued that the victim was unable to identify him during the bind-over hearing in
juvenile court and that additional investigation was needed. After an evidentiary hearing,
the trial court overruled his plea withdrawal motion. The trial court sentenced Preston to
an aggregate term of 12 years in prison.
{¶ 3} Preston appealed from the judgment overruling his plea withdrawal motion.
He argued that he did not knowingly plead guilty, because he did not understand all
aspects of his case or what was discussed at the plea hearing. In September 2013, we
affirmed the trial court’s judgment in State v. Preston, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25393,
2013-Ohio-4404 (Preston I). We concluded that the record established that Preston
knowingly pleaded guilty, that the trial court considered all the factors that must be
weighed when ruling on a motion to withdraw a plea, and that a majority of them weighed
against withdrawal.
{¶ 4} Around five years later, in September 2018, Preston filed pro se a motion to
withdraw his pleas and a petition for post-conviction relief. As grounds for withdrawal, he -3-
cited ineffective assistance of trial counsel, conflict of interest, and actual innocence. He
also claimed that he did not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily plead guilty. The state
moved to dismiss the petition for post-conviction relief or, alternatively, for summary
judgment.
{¶ 5} On May 31, 2019, the trial court sustained the state’s motion for summary
judgment, overruling Preston’s motion to withdraw his guilty pleas and dismissing his
petition for post-conviction relief. On the plea withdrawal motion, the court concluded that
Preston failed to show manifest injustice. On the petition, the court concluded that it was
untimely and that Preston failed to satisfy the untimeliness exception, leaving the court
without jurisdiction to rule on it.
{¶ 6} Preston appeals.
II. Analysis
{¶ 7} Preston assigns two errors to the trial court. The first challenges the
overruling of his motion to withdraw his guilty pleas, and the second challenges the
dismissal of his petition for post-conviction relief.
A. Post-sentence motion to withdraw guilty pleas
{¶ 8} The first assignment of error alleges:
The Trial Court Abused its Discretion When it Denied Appellant’s [Crim.R.]
32.1 without Conducting a Meritorious Analysis of Petitioner’s Manifest
Injustice Claim.
{¶ 9} “Appellate courts review trial court decisions on motions to withdraw pleas
for abuse of discretion.” State v. Rozell, 2018-Ohio-1722, 111 N.E.3d 861, ¶ 25 (2d Dist.),
citing State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977), paragraph two of the -4-
syllabus.
{¶ 10} Crim.R. 32.1 provides that a trial court may grant a defendant’s post-
sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea “to correct manifest injustice.” “A defendant who
seeks to withdraw a plea of guilty after the imposition of sentence has the burden of
establishing the existence of manifest injustice.” Smith at paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶ 11} The trial court here relied on our decision in State v. Dixon, 2d Dist. Clark
No. 2017-CA-80, 2019-Ohio-1385, to overrule Preston’s post-sentence motion to
withdraw his guilty pleas. In Dixon, we said that “a manifest injustice cannot be
established where a defendant could have sought redress ‘through another form of
application,’ including a direct appeal.” Id. at ¶ 7, quoting State v. Minkner, 2d Dist.
Champaign No. 2009 CA 16, 2009-Ohio-5625, ¶ 25-32. “Thus, much like res judicata,”
we said, “the manifest-injustice standard precludes relief under Crim.R. 32.1 when an
issue could have been raised on direct appeal.” Id. at ¶ 8.
{¶ 12} The trial court concluded that the claims Preston raised in support of his
post-sentence motion to withdraw could have been raised on direct appeal. We agree. In
Preston I, Preston appealed from the trial court judgment overruling his presentence
motion to withdraw his guilty pleas on grounds that he did not knowingly plead guilty. He
argued in his motion to withdraw that he lacked the requisite knowledge to enter his guilty
pleas, because he did not understand the nature of his offenses, his constitutional rights,
or what was going on at the plea hearing. He testified to all of this at an evidentiary
hearing. In the current post-sentence motion to withdraw, Preston asserts five claims of
trial counsel’s ineffectiveness. He argues that trial counsel was ineffective for (1) failing
to investigate the collection of evidence, including DNA evidence; (2) failing to investigate -5-
witnesses; (3) creating a conflict of interest based on counsel’s prior position with the
prosecutor’s office, (4) deceiving him into entering the guilty pleas, and (5) advising him
to plead guilty despite knowing that he is innocent. Preston did not make these claims in
his earlier appeal. He could have made them, since they all concern things that happened
before he entered his pleas. Indeed, Preston apparently raised many of these issues in
his earlier appeal—the communication between Preston and his trial counsel before the
plea, that counsel had been a prosecutor, the bind-over hearing, the DNA evidence, the
laptop, and his codefendant’s statements. See Preston I at ¶ 11-14. But he did not assert
claims of ineffective assistance of counsel based on these issues.
{¶ 13} We also conclude that res judicata bars Preston’s plea-withdrawal claims.
In Dixon, the defendant argued that res judicata did not apply to the arguments raised in
his Crim.R. 32.1 motion to withdraw. Although our district’s jurisprudence at that time was
contrary to at least seven other districts, we cited to our case law that held “strictly
speaking, res judicata does not apply to a plea-withdrawal motion.” Dixon at ¶ 7, quoting
State v. Cochran, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2006 CA 87, 2007-Ohio-4545, ¶ 17. But the Ohio
Supreme Court made it clear in State v. Ketterer, 126 Ohio St.3d 448, 2010-Ohio-3831,
935 N.E.2d 9, ¶ 59-60, that res judicata does apply to a plea-withdrawal motion and is a
valid basis for rejecting claims that were or could have been raised at trial or on appeal.
And more recently, in State v. Straley, the Court pointedly said that “[r]es judicata
generally bars a defendant from raising claims in a Crim.R. 32.1 postsentencing motion
to withdraw a guilty plea that he raised or could have raised on direct appeal.” State v.
Straley, Ohio Slip Opinion No. 2019-Ohio-5206, __ N.E.3d __, at ¶ 23, citing Ketterer at
¶ 59. “[A]ny claimed ineffective assistance of counsel should have been raised on direct -6-
appeal and is now barred by res judicata.” State v. Kemp, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2014 CA 32,
2014-Ohio-4607, ¶ 16. The application of res judicata to Preston’s claims is particularly
appropriate where prior to sentencing he filed a motion to withdraw his plea, had a full
evidentiary hearing, the trial court denied his motion, and we affirmed that decision on
direct appeal. All of the issues he now attempts to raise were evident to him at that time
and could have been raised at the 2012 evidentiary proceeding.
{¶ 14} Finally, we agree with the trial court’s conclusion that Preston’s ineffective-
assistance claims are proper grounds for post-conviction relief under R.C. 2953.21. In
Dixon, we identified a second reason for denying relief under Crim.R. 32.1: “ ‘[M]atters
outside the record that allegedly corrupted the defendant’s choice to enter a guilty or no
contest plea so as to render that plea less than knowing and voluntary, such as ineffective
assistance provided by a defendant’s trial counsel, are proper grounds for post-conviction
relief pursuant to R.C. 2953.21 and * * * the availability of that relief removes defendant’s
claims from the type of extraordinary circumstances that demonstrate a manifest injustice,
which is required for Crim.R. 32.1 relief.’ ” Dixon at ¶ 10, quoting State v. Nawman, 2d
Dist. Clark No. 2016-CA-43, 2017-Ohio-7344, ¶ 15.
{¶ 15} For any of these reasons, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by
overruling Preston’s post-sentence motion to withdraw his guilty pleas.
{¶ 16} The first assignment of error is overruled.
B. Petition for post-conviction relief
{¶ 17} The second assignment of error alleges:
The Trial Court Erred in Denying Appellant’s Petition Without a Hearing.
{¶ 18} R.C. 2953.21(A)(2) provides that “[e]xcept as otherwise provided in section -7-
2953.23 of the Revised Code, a petition under division (A)(1) of this section shall be filed
no later than three hundred sixty-five days after the date on which the trial transcript is
filed in the court of appeals in the direct appeal of the judgment of conviction or
adjudication * * *.” “This provision denies the common pleas courts jurisdiction to
adjudicate the merits of an untimely petition, with but one narrow exception.” State v.
Harden, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 20803, 2005-Ohio-5580, ¶ 9. The exception, found in
R.C. 2953.23(A), “confers jurisdiction to adjudicate an untimely postconviction petition
when the petitioner shows that he was unavoidably prevented from discovering the facts
upon which he must rely to present his claim for relief, or that a new federal or state right
that applies retroactively to the petitioner was recognized by the United States Supreme
Court subsequent to the period prescribed in R.C. 2953.21(A)(2), and the petition asserts
a claim based upon that right.” Id.
{¶ 19} Here, Preston’s petition for post-conviction relief is untimely, as it was filed
roughly five years after we decided his direct appeal, and the exception is not satisfied.
No new federal or state right applies to Preston. Preston failed to explain in the trial court,
and fails to explain on appeal, how he was unavoidably prevented from discovering the
facts on which his petition relies. Therefore the trial court correctly concluded that it lacked
jurisdiction over Preston’s petition for post-conviction relief and properly dismissed it.
{¶ 20} The second assignment of error is overruled.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 21} We have overruled both of the assignments of error presented. The trial
court’s judgment is therefore affirmed.
............. -8-
TUCKER, P.J. and DONOVAN, J., concur.
Copies sent to:
Mathias H. Heck, Jr. Jamie J. Rizzo Kimberly K. Corral Hon. Mary E. Montgomery