State v. Pittman

668 S.W.2d 144, 1984 Mo. App. LEXIS 4506
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedMarch 5, 1984
DocketNo. 12897
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 668 S.W.2d 144 (State v. Pittman) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Pittman, 668 S.W.2d 144, 1984 Mo. App. LEXIS 4506 (Mo. Ct. App. 1984).

Opinion

FLANIGAN, Presiding Judge.

Defendant was charged with the sale of percodan, a Schedule II controlled substance, in violation of § 195.020,1 and was prosecuted as having been previously convicted of a felony violation of the laws of this state relating to controlled substances. § 195.200.1(5). Defendant pleaded “not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility.” The jury found defendant guilty and he was sentenced, by the trial court, to a term of 15 years. Defendant appeals.

Defendant’s first point is that the trial court erred in refusing to give Instruction A,2 tendered by defendant. The trial took place in July 1982. Instruction A was MAI-CR2d 2.64. On December 15, 1982, the supreme court approved the withdrawal of MAI-CR2d 2.64 “effective June 1, 1983.” See Journal of Missouri Bar, Jan.Feb. 1983, pp. 86-87.

Prior to the trial the defendant filed a “request to withdraw punishment from the jury,” § 557.036.2(1), and the court, at the hearing on the motion, sustained the request and ordered that “the issue of punishment shall not be submitted to the jury.”

Before the case was submitted to the jury the court held a hearing outside the jury’s presence and found that the prior felony conviction, pleaded by the information, was established by the state’s evidence and that § 195.200.1(5) was “brought into play.” Under the latter statute conviction of the instant offense was punishable by imprisonment for a term of not less than 10 years nor more than life imprisonment. Under § 195.200.2,3 “If any person is to be punished under the provisions of [§ 195.200.1(5)], the duty develops (sic) upon the court to assess the term of punishment. ...”

[146]*146In denying defendant’s request to give Instruction A, the court stated: “Were it not for the findings later made by the court with respect to [the prior conviction], the court would give Instruction A. The court believes, however, that it would not be appropriate to give Instruction A because the court’s assessment of the punishment now is going to be done pursuant to § 195.200.1(5). It is no longer the option of the defendant to withdraw the matter of punishment from the jury. The matter of punishment is required to be withdrawn from the jury by reason of the court’s findings with respect to the prior conviction .... It is the court’s interpretation of § 557.036, paragraph 2,4 that the jury is not to be instructed as to the range of punishment nor is the jury to be told that it should assess and declare the punishment as a part of its verdict if the prior persistent or dangerous offender procedure is applied.”

At the time of the trial MAI-CR2d 2.64 was still in the 2.00 series. It was necessary for the trial court to give MAI-CR2d 2.64, whether requested or not, if it was “applicable under the law to the facts” or if it was an instruction upon a question of law “necessary for its guidance in returning a verdict_” Rule 28.02(a).

The error claimed here is one of nondi-rection rather than misdirection. It is significant to point out that if this court found merit in defendant’s first point, and found the error to be prejudicial and remanded the case for a new trial, the second jury, like the first one, would not be instructed in the manner suggested by defendant because, as previously stated, MAI-CR2d 2.64, on which the tendered instruction was based, has been withdrawn. The second jury would have no more information than the first jury.

Note 3 of the “Notes on Use” under MAI-CR2d 2.64 reads: “3. This instruction must be given only in jury cases other than homicide where the defendant has requested in writing that the court assess the punishment in case of a finding of guilt....” It is at least arguable that Note 3 fell short of constituting a command that the instruction be given in this case, where the defendant made such a request. The note is at least subject to the construction that the instruction was permitted only in non-homicide jury cases where the defendant has made such a request.

A somewhat analogous situation arose in State v. Weimer, 658 S.W.2d 77 (Mo.App.1983). There, as here, the defendant was convicted by a jury of the sale of a Schedule II controlled substance and was sentenced by the court as a previous offender under § 195.200.1(5). One of defendant’s contentions, rejected by the court, was that the trial court erred in refusing to give an instruction offered by the defendant which directed the jury, after a determination of guilt, to determine the sentence. The trial court ruled that if convicted the defendant would be sentenced as a previous offender under § 195.200.1(5).

In Weimer the court submitted state’s Instruction 5 to the jury instead of the instruction offered by the defendant. At pp. 79-80 the court said:

“Instruction Number Five did not direct the jury to fix punishment. This was not prejudicial error. As discussed above, a defendant does not have a constitutional right to have the jury assess punishment. If, as a matter of statute, the jury does not assess punishment it is not necessary for [147]*147them to be instructed on the range of punishment. State v. Gray, 423 S.W.2d 776, 784 (Mo.1968).

“Defendant’s argument that even though the jury would not assess punishment, it was error not to instruct them as to the range of punishment implies that juries consider punishment in ascertaining guilt. Such an implication is mere speculation. State v. Hunter, 686 S.W.2d 345, 348 (Mo. banc 1979). The jury is bound to follow the court’s instruction and determine guilt or innocence. The issue of punishment is not an integral part of that determination. State v. Hunter, 586 S.W.2d at 348. Pursuant to § 558.016 RSMo 1978 a finding that the defendant is a persistent offender permits the court to enhance the jury’s recommended term of imprisonment. Here, the court is obligated to fix the term of imprisonment. Section 195.200.2 RSMo 1978. Therefore, in situations where the jury does not have the duty to assess punishment, it is not necessary to instruct on the range of punishment.”

It is unnecessary to determine whether the trial court erred in failing to give Instruction A. It is at least arguable that it was not “applicable under the law to the facts” and that it was not an instruction upon a question of law “necessary for the [jury’s] guidance in returning a verdict.” Rule 28.02(a). It is sufficient to hold, as this court does, that the error, if any, had no prejudicial effect. Rule 28.-02(e). Defendant’s first point has no merit.

Defendant’s second point is that the trial court erred in denying defendant’s motion that defense counsel be given the opportunity to make the opening and closing final arguments. Defendant argues that he “had the burden of proof on his insanity defense” and that “fundamental fairness should require the party with the greatest burden to be given the advantage inherent in being the first and last to speak.”

A similar contention was made and rejected in State v. Collier, 624 S.W.2d 30, 35[13] (Mo.App.1981).

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
668 S.W.2d 144, 1984 Mo. App. LEXIS 4506, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-pittman-moctapp-1984.