[Cite as State v. Pillar, 2012-Ohio-3926.]
COURT OF APPEALS TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J. Hon. Julie A. Edwards, J. -vs- Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 MILES S. PILLAR
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the New Philadelphia Municipal Court, Case No. CRB 0901001 A, B, C
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: August 24, 2012
APPEARANCES:
For Appellee For Appellant
RONALD L. COLLINS MATTHEW P. MULLEN DOVER CITY PROSECUTOR KRUGLIAK, WILKINS, GRIFFITHS 714 North Wooster Avenue & DOUGHERTY CO., LPA Dover, Ohio 44622 158 North Broadway New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant Miles S. Pillar appeals his conviction, in the New Philadelphia
Municipal Court, Tuscarawas County, on three counts of misdemeanor
telecommunications harassment. Appellee is the State of Ohio. The relevant facts
leading to this appeal are as follows.
{¶2} Appellant is the owner of Red Hill Crane and Equipment Rental Company,
located in Dover, Ohio. At some point in the fall of 2008, Ryan Weaver, owner of
Affordable Tree Service, rented some heavy equipment from Red Hill to use in his
business. A heated dispute thereafter arose between the two entities as to payment for
the use of the equipment.
{¶3} Appellant and some of Red Hill’s employees sent repeated invoices to
Weaver’s business address, but Weaver did not respond. Appellant thereupon called
Weaver via telephone once on August 7, 2009 and two times on August 10, 2009.
Weaver refused to speak to appellant or any of the employees when the telephone calls
were made. In fact, Weaver later testified that he told appellant during the first phone
call not to call back. Tr. at 7.
{¶4} Appellant again called Weaver on the morning of August 11, 2009. At that
point, Weaver went to the Dover Police Department to make a complaint about
appellant regarding the attempted debt collection. A Dover police officer contacted
appellant and advised him to cease making the calls. Appellant nonetheless made at
least three more calls to Weaver.
{¶5} Appellant was thereafter charged with three counts of telecommunications
harassment, in violation of R.C. 2917.21(A)(5). Appellant pled not guilty, and the case Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 3
proceeded to a bench trial before a magistrate on October 12, 2009. Appellant
appeared pro se for the trial. The next day, the magistrate issued a decision finding
appellant guilty on the three counts, and sentencing him, inter alia, to a 180-day
suspended jail sentence with community control sanctions. Appellant thereupon
retained counsel, and on October 29, 2009 filed an objection to the decision of the
magistrate.
{¶6} On December 29, 2011, the trial court issued a judgment entry adopting
the magistrate’s decision finding appellant guilty on three counts of telecommunications
harassment in violation of R.C. 2917.21(A)(5). The trial court specifically noted it was
not persuaded by appellant’s argument that the statute was overbroad and/or an
infringement of free speech. Judgment Entry, December 29, 2011, at 2.
{¶7} On January 27, 2012, appellant filed a notice of appeal. He herein raises
the following sole Assignment of Error:
{¶8} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ADOPTING THE MAGISTRATE'S
DECISION AND ORDER REGARDING THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT'S ALLEGED
VIOLATION OF OHIO'S TELECOMMUNICATIONS HARASSMENT STATUTE, ORC §
2917.21, AS THE APPLICATION OF SAID STATUTE IS UNCONSTITUTIONALLY
OVERBROAD, AND CONFLICTS WITH THE FEDERAL FAIR DEBT COLLECTION
PRACTICES ACT, 15 U.S.C. § 1692.
I.
{¶9} In his sole Assignment of Error, appellant argues the trial court erred in
finding him guilty of telecommunications harassment under R.C. 2917.21. We disagree.
{¶10} The statute in question provides in pertinent part as follows: Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 4
{¶11} “(A) No person shall knowingly make or cause to be made a
telecommunication, or knowingly permit a telecommunication to be made from a
telecommunications device under the person's control, to another, if the caller does any
of the following:
{¶12} “***
{¶13} “(5) Knowingly makes the telecommunication to the recipient of the
telecommunication, to another person at the premises to which the telecommunication
is made, or to those premises, and the recipient or another person at those premises
previously has told the caller not to make a telecommunication to those premises or to
any persons at those premises.”
Exemption Under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
{¶14} As an initial matter, we recognize that R.C. 2917.21(F) provides a defense
for persons attempting to collect certain debts:
{¶15} "Nothing in this section prohibits a person from making a
telecommunication to a debtor that is in compliance with the 'Fair Debt Collection
Practices Act,' 91 Stat. 874 (1977), 15 U.S.C. 1692. ***"
{¶16} Although appellant in the case sub judice has not specifically presented
his claims on a “sufficiency of the evidence” basis, we note in the interest of justice that
the evidence at trial would not have warranted an application of the protection provided
by R.C. 2917.21(F), supra, to the collection calls made or directed by appellant. The
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act “governs the collection of consumer debts, which are
defined at 15 U.S.C.A. Sec. 1692a as ‘any obligation or alleged obligation of a
consumer to pay money arising out of a transaction in which the money, property, Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 5
insurance, or services which are the subject of the transaction are primarily for personal,
family, or household purposes, whether or not such obligation has been reduced to
judgment.’” State Dept. of Taxation v. Diefenbaugh, Lucas App.No. L-07-1056, 2007-
Ohio-5996, ¶ 13 (emphasis added). Appellant does not herein dispute that his actions at
issue were those of a business owner attempting to collect on a commercial debt, rather
than a consumer debt. See Appellant’s Brief at 8. Hence, appellant cannot rely on the
FDCPA in this context.
Constitutionality of R.C. 2917.21
{¶17} We therefore turn our attention to appellant’s constitutional argument. An
analysis of such a challenge to a duly-enacted statute generally begins with the basic
premise that acts of the Ohio General Assembly enjoy a strong presumption of
constitutionality. See State v. Eichorn, Morrow App. No. 02CA953, 2003–Ohio–3415, ¶
23, citing State v. Gill (1992), 63 Ohio St.3d 53, 55, 584 N.E.2d 1200. Laws which
regulate constitutionally protected conduct, including freedom of speech, must be
precisely constructed to target or address the exact source of the legislative concern at
issue. See State v. Woodbridge, 153 Ohio App. 3d 121, 125-26, 791 N.E.2d 1035,
2003-Ohio-2931, citing Painesville Bldg. Dept. v. Dworken & Bernstein Co., L.P.A., 89
Ohio St.
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[Cite as State v. Pillar, 2012-Ohio-3926.]
COURT OF APPEALS TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J. Hon. Julie A. Edwards, J. -vs- Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 MILES S. PILLAR
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the New Philadelphia Municipal Court, Case No. CRB 0901001 A, B, C
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: August 24, 2012
APPEARANCES:
For Appellee For Appellant
RONALD L. COLLINS MATTHEW P. MULLEN DOVER CITY PROSECUTOR KRUGLIAK, WILKINS, GRIFFITHS 714 North Wooster Avenue & DOUGHERTY CO., LPA Dover, Ohio 44622 158 North Broadway New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant Miles S. Pillar appeals his conviction, in the New Philadelphia
Municipal Court, Tuscarawas County, on three counts of misdemeanor
telecommunications harassment. Appellee is the State of Ohio. The relevant facts
leading to this appeal are as follows.
{¶2} Appellant is the owner of Red Hill Crane and Equipment Rental Company,
located in Dover, Ohio. At some point in the fall of 2008, Ryan Weaver, owner of
Affordable Tree Service, rented some heavy equipment from Red Hill to use in his
business. A heated dispute thereafter arose between the two entities as to payment for
the use of the equipment.
{¶3} Appellant and some of Red Hill’s employees sent repeated invoices to
Weaver’s business address, but Weaver did not respond. Appellant thereupon called
Weaver via telephone once on August 7, 2009 and two times on August 10, 2009.
Weaver refused to speak to appellant or any of the employees when the telephone calls
were made. In fact, Weaver later testified that he told appellant during the first phone
call not to call back. Tr. at 7.
{¶4} Appellant again called Weaver on the morning of August 11, 2009. At that
point, Weaver went to the Dover Police Department to make a complaint about
appellant regarding the attempted debt collection. A Dover police officer contacted
appellant and advised him to cease making the calls. Appellant nonetheless made at
least three more calls to Weaver.
{¶5} Appellant was thereafter charged with three counts of telecommunications
harassment, in violation of R.C. 2917.21(A)(5). Appellant pled not guilty, and the case Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 3
proceeded to a bench trial before a magistrate on October 12, 2009. Appellant
appeared pro se for the trial. The next day, the magistrate issued a decision finding
appellant guilty on the three counts, and sentencing him, inter alia, to a 180-day
suspended jail sentence with community control sanctions. Appellant thereupon
retained counsel, and on October 29, 2009 filed an objection to the decision of the
magistrate.
{¶6} On December 29, 2011, the trial court issued a judgment entry adopting
the magistrate’s decision finding appellant guilty on three counts of telecommunications
harassment in violation of R.C. 2917.21(A)(5). The trial court specifically noted it was
not persuaded by appellant’s argument that the statute was overbroad and/or an
infringement of free speech. Judgment Entry, December 29, 2011, at 2.
{¶7} On January 27, 2012, appellant filed a notice of appeal. He herein raises
the following sole Assignment of Error:
{¶8} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ADOPTING THE MAGISTRATE'S
DECISION AND ORDER REGARDING THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT'S ALLEGED
VIOLATION OF OHIO'S TELECOMMUNICATIONS HARASSMENT STATUTE, ORC §
2917.21, AS THE APPLICATION OF SAID STATUTE IS UNCONSTITUTIONALLY
OVERBROAD, AND CONFLICTS WITH THE FEDERAL FAIR DEBT COLLECTION
PRACTICES ACT, 15 U.S.C. § 1692.
I.
{¶9} In his sole Assignment of Error, appellant argues the trial court erred in
finding him guilty of telecommunications harassment under R.C. 2917.21. We disagree.
{¶10} The statute in question provides in pertinent part as follows: Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 4
{¶11} “(A) No person shall knowingly make or cause to be made a
telecommunication, or knowingly permit a telecommunication to be made from a
telecommunications device under the person's control, to another, if the caller does any
of the following:
{¶12} “***
{¶13} “(5) Knowingly makes the telecommunication to the recipient of the
telecommunication, to another person at the premises to which the telecommunication
is made, or to those premises, and the recipient or another person at those premises
previously has told the caller not to make a telecommunication to those premises or to
any persons at those premises.”
Exemption Under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
{¶14} As an initial matter, we recognize that R.C. 2917.21(F) provides a defense
for persons attempting to collect certain debts:
{¶15} "Nothing in this section prohibits a person from making a
telecommunication to a debtor that is in compliance with the 'Fair Debt Collection
Practices Act,' 91 Stat. 874 (1977), 15 U.S.C. 1692. ***"
{¶16} Although appellant in the case sub judice has not specifically presented
his claims on a “sufficiency of the evidence” basis, we note in the interest of justice that
the evidence at trial would not have warranted an application of the protection provided
by R.C. 2917.21(F), supra, to the collection calls made or directed by appellant. The
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act “governs the collection of consumer debts, which are
defined at 15 U.S.C.A. Sec. 1692a as ‘any obligation or alleged obligation of a
consumer to pay money arising out of a transaction in which the money, property, Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 5
insurance, or services which are the subject of the transaction are primarily for personal,
family, or household purposes, whether or not such obligation has been reduced to
judgment.’” State Dept. of Taxation v. Diefenbaugh, Lucas App.No. L-07-1056, 2007-
Ohio-5996, ¶ 13 (emphasis added). Appellant does not herein dispute that his actions at
issue were those of a business owner attempting to collect on a commercial debt, rather
than a consumer debt. See Appellant’s Brief at 8. Hence, appellant cannot rely on the
FDCPA in this context.
Constitutionality of R.C. 2917.21
{¶17} We therefore turn our attention to appellant’s constitutional argument. An
analysis of such a challenge to a duly-enacted statute generally begins with the basic
premise that acts of the Ohio General Assembly enjoy a strong presumption of
constitutionality. See State v. Eichorn, Morrow App. No. 02CA953, 2003–Ohio–3415, ¶
23, citing State v. Gill (1992), 63 Ohio St.3d 53, 55, 584 N.E.2d 1200. Laws which
regulate constitutionally protected conduct, including freedom of speech, must be
precisely constructed to target or address the exact source of the legislative concern at
issue. See State v. Woodbridge, 153 Ohio App. 3d 121, 125-26, 791 N.E.2d 1035,
2003-Ohio-2931, citing Painesville Bldg. Dept. v. Dworken & Bernstein Co., L.P.A., 89
Ohio St. 3d 564, 568, 733 N.E.2d 1152, 2000-Ohio-488. However, commercial speech
is afforded less constitutional protection than other constitutionally guaranteed
expression. Bench Signs Unlimited, Inc. v. Lake Twp. Bd. of Zoning Appeals, 149 Ohio
App.3d 462, 777 N.E.2d 912, 2002-Ohio-5436, ¶ 19, citing United States v. Edge
Broadcasting Co. (1993), 509 U.S. 418, 426, 113 S.Ct. 2696, 125 L.Ed.2d 345. The
United States Supreme Court, in the case of Cent. Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Pub. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 6
Serv. Comm. of New York (1980), 447 U.S. 557, 100 S.Ct. 2343, 65 L.Ed.2d 341,
promulgated a four-part test for assessing governmental restrictions on commercial
speech as distinguished from more fully protected speech. First, only commercial
speech that is truthful and not misleading receives First Amendment protection. Second,
a restriction on truthful, not misleading commercial speech must seek to implement a
substantial governmental interest. Third, the restriction must directly advance the
governmental interest involved. Fourth, the restriction must not be more extensive than
necessary to serve that interest. See Central Hudson at 564, 100 S.Ct. 2343, 65
L.Ed.2d 341.
{¶18} The legislative intent behind R.C. 2917.21 has been recognized as
advancing a legitimate state interest in protecting citizens from unwanted intrusions into
their privacy. See State v. Rettig, Henry App.Nos. 7-91-14, 7-91-15, 1992 WL 19326.
Upon review of the language of R.C. 2917.21(A)(5), we find the General Assembly, in
seeking to protect the privacy rights of citizens, including alleged debtors, has not
unduly restricted the exercise of commercial speech by creditors seeking to collect on
accounts via telephonic communication. Under subsection (A)(5), no criminal culpability
even attaches in making such calls unless the claimed debtor or person at the premises
has told the creditor not to make calls to the debtor’s premises or to any persons at the
premises. Moreover, even where the creditor has been so advised not to call, nothing in
the statute prevents the creditor from communicating about or collecting on the claimed
commercial debt by non-telecommunicative legal means. We further note that at least
two other appellate courts in Ohio have determined that R.C. 2917.21(A)(5) is not Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 7
unconstitutionally overbroad. See Rettig, supra; State v. Gibbs (1999), 134 Ohio App.3d
247, 730 N.E.2d 1027 (Clermont County).
{¶19} We are not herein persuaded that R.C. 2917.21(A)(5) is unconstitutionally
overbroad or in conflict with the FDCPA. Appellant's sole Assignment of Error is
therefore overruled.
{¶20} For the foregoing reasons, the decision of the New Philadelphia Municipal
Court, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.
By: Wise, J.
Gwin, P. J., and
Edwards, J., concur.
___________________________________
JUDGES JWW/d 0724 Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007 8
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : : -vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY : MILES S. PILLAR : : Defendant-Appellant : Case No. 2012 AP 01 0007
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the
judgment of the New Philadelphia Municipal Court, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, is
affirmed.
Costs assessed to appellant.
JUDGES