February 18 2014
DA 12-0605
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2014 MT 44N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
DAVID V. PAISLEY,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, In and For the County of Missoula, Cause No. DC 10-540 Honorable Edward P. McLean, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Johnna K. Baffa, Van de Wetering & Baffa, P.C., Missoula, Montana
For Appellee:
Timothy C. Fox, Montana Attorney General, Pamela P. Collins, Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Fred R. Van Valkenburg, Missoula County Attorney, Jason Marks, Deputy County Attorney, Missoula, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: January 29, 2014 Decided: February 18, 2014
Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Chief Justice Mike McGrath delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not serve
as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s
quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 David Vincent Paisley appeals from an order of the Fourth Judicial District Court,
Missoula County, denying his Motion to Withdraw Plea of Nolo Contendere. We affirm.
¶3 The issue presented on appeal is whether the District Court erred by denying Paisley’s
motion to withdraw his plea.
¶4 Paisley was charged with sexual abuse of children, a felony, in violation of
§ 45-5-625, MCA, after engaging in an online chat with an officer posing as a 14-year-old
girl, arranging to meet the girl for sex, and arriving at the designated meeting place. He
entered a plea of nolo contendere, pursuant to which he maintained his innocence, but
acknowledged that a jury would likely find him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. At the
change of plea hearing, Paisley stated he was satisfied with the services of his attorney.
Paisley stated his plea had not been induced by any threats or promises. He understood he
was giving up his right to a jury trial and believed the plea to be in his best interests. He
understood the plea was not binding upon the court. Paisley also signed a plea agreement
and waiver of rights. He initialed each line of the four-page waiver of rights, which included
the statement, “This plea is being voluntarily made and is not the result of any force or
threats . . . .” He was aware that the maximum sentence was life in prison. Pursuant to the
2 plea agreement, the State recommended a ten-year suspended sentence and designation as a
low risk sexual offender.
¶5 At a sentencing hearing on June 8, 2011, Paisley received the ten-year suspended
sentence recommended in the plea agreement. As a condition of his supervision, he was not
permitted to visit parks and playgrounds unless accompanied by an appropriately trained
adult approved by his probation officer. On June 28, 2011, Paisley was seen unaccompanied
in a park where children were present. His suspended sentence was revoked and he was
committed to the Montana State Prison for ten years.
¶6 Paisley moved to withdraw his plea on August 6, 2012. He argued that he had been
entrapped by the officer posing as a 14-year-old girl. He also claimed his attorney had
coerced him into entering a plea by saying that he would likely be found guilty and may face
additional federal charges. He claimed his attorney had provided ineffective assistance of
counsel by coercing his plea rather than presenting a defense. The District Court denied the
motion on September 28, 2012. Paisley appealed to this Court.
¶7 In his appeal, Paisley argues for the first time that pursuant to § 46-12-204(4), MCA,
the District Court was not authorized to accept a plea of nolo contendere in a sexual offense
case. He also argues for the first time that his plea was involuntary because he did not know
he could not enter a plea of nolo contendere, and that he received ineffective assistance of
counsel because his attorney did not inform him that he could not enter a plea of nolo
contendere.
¶8 A party may not raise new arguments or change its legal theory on appeal. State v.
Martinez, 2003 MT 65, ¶ 17, 314 Mont. 434, 67 P.3d 207. This Court will not consider
3 issues not presented to the district court. State v. Peterson, 2013 MT 329, ¶ 26, 372 Mont.
382, 314 P.3d 227. The only issue in this appeal that was also raised in the District Court is
whether Paisley’s plea was involuntary because it was coerced by his attorney. We address
only that issue.
¶9 On appeal of the denial of a motion to withdraw plea, we review the district court’s
findings of fact for clear error. State v. Warclub, 2005 MT 149, ¶ 24, 327 Mont. 352, 114
P.3d 254. A finding is clearly erroneous if it is “not supported by substantial evidence, the
court has misapprehended the effect of the evidence, or our review of the record convinces
us that a mistake has been made.” Warclub, ¶ 23. We review conclusions of law for
correctness. Warclub, ¶ 24. The voluntariness of a plea is a mixed question of law and fact,
which we review de novo. Warclub, ¶ 24.
¶10 A plea of nolo contendere may be withdrawn for good cause at any time before
judgment or within one year after the judgment becomes final. Section 46-16-105(2), MCA.
Good cause for withdrawal of a plea of nolo contendere exists where the plea was entered
involuntarily. State v. Jackson, 2013 MT 316, ¶ 11, 372 Mont. 312, 312 P.3d 462. A plea is
involuntary if it is induced by threats or improper promises. State v. Brinson, 2009 MT 200,
¶ 8, 351 Mont. 136, 210 P.3d 164. The defendant must be fully aware of the direct
consequences of his or her plea. State v. Muhammad, 2005 MT 234, ¶ 14, 328 Mont. 397,
121 P.3d 521. The adequacy of the district court’s interrogation and the benefit received by
the defendant may be among the “case-specific considerations” demonstrating the
voluntariness of a plea. Muhammad, ¶ 14.
4 ¶11 The District Court found that Paisley’s plea of nolo contendere had not been coerced
by his attorney. At the plea hearing, Paisley admitted it was likely the State would be able to
obtain a verdict against him. He stated he was satisfied with the services of his attorney. He
stated his attorney had done everything Paisley asked of him. He also stated that no threats
or promises had been made to induce his plea. The District Court’s finding that Paisley was
not threatened is supported by the transcript, the written plea agreement, and the waiver of
rights. The finding of the District Court is not clearly erroneous.
¶12 The record also shows that Paisley was aware of the direct consequences of his plea.
He understood that he was giving up his right to a trial, his right to challenge the evidence
against him, and his right to appeal a finding of guilty. He understood that he faced a
maximum sentence of life in prison. In exchange for his plea, the State recommended a
ten-year suspended sentence. Paisley received the benefit of this agreement. Paisley
contends that he is ineligible for sex offender treatment at MSP, a prerequisite for parole
consideration, because of his decision to maintain his innocence. There is no evidence in the
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February 18 2014
DA 12-0605
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2014 MT 44N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
DAVID V. PAISLEY,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, In and For the County of Missoula, Cause No. DC 10-540 Honorable Edward P. McLean, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Johnna K. Baffa, Van de Wetering & Baffa, P.C., Missoula, Montana
For Appellee:
Timothy C. Fox, Montana Attorney General, Pamela P. Collins, Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Fred R. Van Valkenburg, Missoula County Attorney, Jason Marks, Deputy County Attorney, Missoula, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: January 29, 2014 Decided: February 18, 2014
Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Chief Justice Mike McGrath delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not serve
as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s
quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 David Vincent Paisley appeals from an order of the Fourth Judicial District Court,
Missoula County, denying his Motion to Withdraw Plea of Nolo Contendere. We affirm.
¶3 The issue presented on appeal is whether the District Court erred by denying Paisley’s
motion to withdraw his plea.
¶4 Paisley was charged with sexual abuse of children, a felony, in violation of
§ 45-5-625, MCA, after engaging in an online chat with an officer posing as a 14-year-old
girl, arranging to meet the girl for sex, and arriving at the designated meeting place. He
entered a plea of nolo contendere, pursuant to which he maintained his innocence, but
acknowledged that a jury would likely find him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. At the
change of plea hearing, Paisley stated he was satisfied with the services of his attorney.
Paisley stated his plea had not been induced by any threats or promises. He understood he
was giving up his right to a jury trial and believed the plea to be in his best interests. He
understood the plea was not binding upon the court. Paisley also signed a plea agreement
and waiver of rights. He initialed each line of the four-page waiver of rights, which included
the statement, “This plea is being voluntarily made and is not the result of any force or
threats . . . .” He was aware that the maximum sentence was life in prison. Pursuant to the
2 plea agreement, the State recommended a ten-year suspended sentence and designation as a
low risk sexual offender.
¶5 At a sentencing hearing on June 8, 2011, Paisley received the ten-year suspended
sentence recommended in the plea agreement. As a condition of his supervision, he was not
permitted to visit parks and playgrounds unless accompanied by an appropriately trained
adult approved by his probation officer. On June 28, 2011, Paisley was seen unaccompanied
in a park where children were present. His suspended sentence was revoked and he was
committed to the Montana State Prison for ten years.
¶6 Paisley moved to withdraw his plea on August 6, 2012. He argued that he had been
entrapped by the officer posing as a 14-year-old girl. He also claimed his attorney had
coerced him into entering a plea by saying that he would likely be found guilty and may face
additional federal charges. He claimed his attorney had provided ineffective assistance of
counsel by coercing his plea rather than presenting a defense. The District Court denied the
motion on September 28, 2012. Paisley appealed to this Court.
¶7 In his appeal, Paisley argues for the first time that pursuant to § 46-12-204(4), MCA,
the District Court was not authorized to accept a plea of nolo contendere in a sexual offense
case. He also argues for the first time that his plea was involuntary because he did not know
he could not enter a plea of nolo contendere, and that he received ineffective assistance of
counsel because his attorney did not inform him that he could not enter a plea of nolo
contendere.
¶8 A party may not raise new arguments or change its legal theory on appeal. State v.
Martinez, 2003 MT 65, ¶ 17, 314 Mont. 434, 67 P.3d 207. This Court will not consider
3 issues not presented to the district court. State v. Peterson, 2013 MT 329, ¶ 26, 372 Mont.
382, 314 P.3d 227. The only issue in this appeal that was also raised in the District Court is
whether Paisley’s plea was involuntary because it was coerced by his attorney. We address
only that issue.
¶9 On appeal of the denial of a motion to withdraw plea, we review the district court’s
findings of fact for clear error. State v. Warclub, 2005 MT 149, ¶ 24, 327 Mont. 352, 114
P.3d 254. A finding is clearly erroneous if it is “not supported by substantial evidence, the
court has misapprehended the effect of the evidence, or our review of the record convinces
us that a mistake has been made.” Warclub, ¶ 23. We review conclusions of law for
correctness. Warclub, ¶ 24. The voluntariness of a plea is a mixed question of law and fact,
which we review de novo. Warclub, ¶ 24.
¶10 A plea of nolo contendere may be withdrawn for good cause at any time before
judgment or within one year after the judgment becomes final. Section 46-16-105(2), MCA.
Good cause for withdrawal of a plea of nolo contendere exists where the plea was entered
involuntarily. State v. Jackson, 2013 MT 316, ¶ 11, 372 Mont. 312, 312 P.3d 462. A plea is
involuntary if it is induced by threats or improper promises. State v. Brinson, 2009 MT 200,
¶ 8, 351 Mont. 136, 210 P.3d 164. The defendant must be fully aware of the direct
consequences of his or her plea. State v. Muhammad, 2005 MT 234, ¶ 14, 328 Mont. 397,
121 P.3d 521. The adequacy of the district court’s interrogation and the benefit received by
the defendant may be among the “case-specific considerations” demonstrating the
voluntariness of a plea. Muhammad, ¶ 14.
4 ¶11 The District Court found that Paisley’s plea of nolo contendere had not been coerced
by his attorney. At the plea hearing, Paisley admitted it was likely the State would be able to
obtain a verdict against him. He stated he was satisfied with the services of his attorney. He
stated his attorney had done everything Paisley asked of him. He also stated that no threats
or promises had been made to induce his plea. The District Court’s finding that Paisley was
not threatened is supported by the transcript, the written plea agreement, and the waiver of
rights. The finding of the District Court is not clearly erroneous.
¶12 The record also shows that Paisley was aware of the direct consequences of his plea.
He understood that he was giving up his right to a trial, his right to challenge the evidence
against him, and his right to appeal a finding of guilty. He understood that he faced a
maximum sentence of life in prison. In exchange for his plea, the State recommended a
ten-year suspended sentence. Paisley received the benefit of this agreement. Paisley
contends that he is ineligible for sex offender treatment at MSP, a prerequisite for parole
consideration, because of his decision to maintain his innocence. There is no evidence in the
record that Paisley is ineligible for treatment or parole. See State v. Cameron, 253 Mont. 95,
101, 830 P.2d 1284, 1288 (affirming denial of motion to withdraw plea where “[t]he record
in this case does not show that if the defendant maintained his innocence, there was no
possibility of a favorable sex offender evaluation”), overruled in part on other grounds, State
v. Deserly, 2008 MT 242, ¶ 12 n. 1, 344 Mont. 468, 188 P.3d 1057, overruled in part,
Brinson, ¶ 9. Indeed, at the sentencing hearing on June 8, 2011, he had already made
arrangements to participate in outpatient treatment while serving his suspended sentence.
Paisley’s plea was not involuntary.
5 ¶13 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d) of our
Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. The District Court’s
findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence and the legal issues are controlled by
settled Montana law, which the District Court correctly interpreted.
¶14 Affirmed.
/S/ MIKE McGRATH
We Concur:
/S/ PATRICIA COTTER /S/ BETH BAKER /S/ LAURIE McKINNON /S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT