State v. Nolen

461 So. 2d 1073
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedNovember 27, 1984
Docket83-KA-438
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 461 So. 2d 1073 (State v. Nolen) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Nolen, 461 So. 2d 1073 (La. Ct. App. 1984).

Opinion

461 So.2d 1073 (1984)

STATE of Louisiana
v.
James C. NOLEN.

No. 83-KA-438.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fifth Circuit.

November 27, 1984.

*1074 John M. Mamoulides, Dist. Atty., James Maxwell, Dorothy A. Pendergast, Asst. Dist. Attys., Gretna, for plaintiff-appellee.

Joseph L. Montgomery, Staff Appeals Counsel, 24th Judicial Dist. Court, Indigent Defender Bd., Gretna, for defendant-appellant.

Before BOUTALL, CURRAULT and GAUDIN, JJ.

GAUDIN, Judge.

James Nolen was convicted by a 12-person jury of aggravated rape in the 24th Judicial District Court and, seeking a reversal, assigns four errors:

(1) The trial judge committed reversible error by commenting on the evidence;

(2) An incomplete transcript was submitted to this Court;

(3) The trial judge's instructions were inaccurate with regard to the list of verdicts responsive to aggravated rape; and

(4) The trial judge erred in not declaring a mistrial after excusing a juror for cause during the course of the trial.

The victim was employed as a barmaid in a Jefferson Parish lounge. She testified that she was struck in the face and then raped by Nolen in his apartment. The defendant, a fairly regular customer at the victim's place of employment, admitted having sexual intercourse but he said that the victim was willing and that he did not strike her.

Photographs taken the day following the alleged crime show the victim with a lacerated face, badly swollen left eye and chipped front teeth.

Subsequent to the guilty verdict, Nolan was sentenced to life imprisonment without benefit of parole, probation or suspension of sentence. For the following reasons, we affirm his conviction.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1

LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 772 reads:

"The judge in the presence of the jury shall not comment upon the facts of the case, either by commenting upon or recapitulating the evidence, repeating the testimony of any witness, or giving an opinion as to what has been proved, not proved, or refuted."

During the trial, the victim's sister was called as a witness by the State, resulting in this colloquy:

BY MR. PORTEOUS (ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY):
Q. Okay. Ms. Wallace, do you know Ms. Vicki Generos?
A. Yes sir.
Q. And you all are related, are you not?
A. Yes sir.
Q. How is that?
A. My sister.
Q. Were you and your sister on or about November 6th of 1981 living together?
*1075 A. Yes sir.
Q. At whose apartment or whose place?
A. It was my apartment.
Q. How long had you all been living together?
A. I'd say about two (2) months.
Q. Did Ms. Generos have a child?
A. Yes sir. Patti, she's two years old at the time.
Q. And did Patti live there with you all for this period of time also?
A. Yes sir.
Q. Now, approximately a month before November 6th did Ms. Generos have occasion to gain employment?
A. Yes sir.
MR. JOHNSON (DEFENSE COUNSEL):
Your Honor, I'm going to object to the leading nature of these questions. I realize it's preliminary but it's going to have to stop somewhere.
THE COURT:
Well, they're also not only preliminary, but they are also undisputed.
MR. PORTEOUS:
That's exactly right.
THE COURT:
They're undisputed facts.
MR. JOHNSON:
I don't know that, Your Honor, until I—I just objecting to the manner in which the questions are being asked. I'm not questioning...
MR. PORTEOUS:
I'll try to phrase them in a different way.
THE COURT:
Alright.

The defense requested a mistrial because the trial judge, despite the Art. 772 prohibition, "commented upon the facts" by referring to part of the testimony as "undisputed." Also, appellant suggests that the questions were leading and should not have been allowed. The judge refused to declare a mistrial, but he did state to the jury:

"The Court is going to admonish the jury to disregard the Court's comment about an undisputed fact. Since this is within the jury's province as to what has been proved and what hasn't been proved as facts of the case."

LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 770 lists the prejudicial remarks within hearing of the jury that require a mistrial, such as a comment relating to race or religion, to another crime allegedly committed by the person on trial or to the failure of a defendant to testify in his own defense. Comments not within the mandatory reach of Art. 770 are covered by Art. 771, which asserts:

"In the following cases, upon the request of the defendant or the state, the court shall promptly admonish the jury to disregard a remark or comment made during the trial, or in argument within the hearing of the jury, when the remark is irrelevant or immaterial and of such a nature that it might create prejudice against the defendant, or the state, in the mind of the jury:
"(1) When the remark or comment is made by the judge, the district attorney, or a court official, and the remark is not within the scope of Article 770; or
"(2) When the remark or comment is made by a witness or person other than the judge, district attorney, or a court official, regardless of whether the remark or comment is within the scope of Article 770.
"In such cases, on motion of the defendant, the court may grant a mistrial if it is satisfied that an admonition is not sufficient to assure the defendant a fair trial." (Underlining provided.)

Louisiana courts have consistently held that the prohibition of Art. 772 does not apply to the trial judge's reasons for ruling on objections concerning admission or exclusion of evidence provided the remarks are not unfair or prejudicial. State v. Knighton, 436 So.2d 1141 (La.1983); State v. Williams, 397 So.2d 1287 (La.1981); and State v. Motton, 395 So.2d 1337 (La.1981), certiorari denied at 454 U.S. 850, 102 S.Ct. 289, 70 L.Ed.2d 139 (1981).

Here, the trial judge's calling preliminary and relatively unimportant facts "undisputed" and his alleged failure to recognize *1076 the questions as leading were neither unfair nor prejudicial. The judge correctly applied the guidelines of Art. 771 and admonished the jury to disregard his comment. This assignment of error is without substance.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 2

The defendant contends that an incomplete transcript of the trial court proceedings was submitted by the Clerk of Court, constituting reversible error. Nolen alleges that the record does not contain the jury verdict, the polling of the jury, the argument on the motion for new trial and the sentencing.

LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 914.1 is concerned with the designation of record on appeal, and it reads:

"A. The party making the motion for appeal shall, at the time the motion is made, request the transcript of that portion of the proceedings necessary, in light of the assignment of errors to be urged.

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Bluebook (online)
461 So. 2d 1073, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-nolen-lactapp-1984.