State v. Morrison

500 N.W.2d 547, 243 Neb. 469, 1993 Neb. LEXIS 153
CourtNebraska Supreme Court
DecidedMay 21, 1993
DocketS-91-977
StatusPublished
Cited by35 cases

This text of 500 N.W.2d 547 (State v. Morrison) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Nebraska Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Morrison, 500 N.W.2d 547, 243 Neb. 469, 1993 Neb. LEXIS 153 (Neb. 1993).

Opinion

Fahrnbruch, J.

The State of Nebraska contends that the Nebraska Court of Appeals in State v. Morrison, 1 NCA 2262 (1992), erred in holding that evidence obtained pursuant to a no-knock search warrant should have been suppressed by the district court for Douglas County. Further review was granted by this court.

We agree with the State’s position, reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals, and remand the cause with direction to reinstate William M. Morrison’s convictions and sentences.

Morrison was convicted by a district court jury of unlawful possession with intent to deliver LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) and with unlawful possession of a controlled substance, psilocybin. He was sentenced to not less than 3 nor more than 5 years in prison for possession with intent to deliver LSD, and to not less than IV2 nor more than 5 years in prison *471 for possession of a controlled substance, the sentences to run concurrently.

FACTS

Evidence adduced at a pretrial suppression hearing reflects that on March 26,1991, Gerald Vajgert, a U.S. postal inspector, removed an Express Mail package addressed to William Morrison from the mail stream. Based upon his training and experience in detecting and intercepting packages containing illegal controlled substances, Vajgert withheld the package from the mail stream because (1) the package was from a known “source state” for drugs, i.e., California; (2) the package was going from an individual to an individual; (3) the labels on the package were handwritten; and (4) the ZIP Code on the return address differed from the ZIP Code of the mailing post office.

Vajgert arranged for the package to be “presented” to “Bush,” a trained and experienced drug detection dog from the Omaha Police Division (OPD). Bush found where the package was hidden and started barking, scratching, and biting, which indicated the presence of contraband. After obtaining a federal warrant to search the package, Vajgert opened the package and discovered it contained approximately 2,064 hits of LSD. Vajgert described the LSD as being on 3- by 3-inch-square sheets of absorbent paper with 100 hits to the sheet.

Following this discovery, Vajgert contacted OPD’s narcotics division and arranged a controlled delivery of the package. In preparation for delivery of the package to Morrison, OPD Officer Stephen Sanchelli removed from the package all but 200 hits of LSD. He testified that this action was taken so that if the drugs got away from the officers, as some had in the past, a lesser amount of controlled substances would “hit the street.” Sanchelli stated that even if the 200 hits were flushed away, there were still approximately 1,800 hits preserved.

On March 27, 1991, Sanchelli applied to a Douglas County Court judge for a warrant to search Morrison’s residence based on the findings during the search of the package. In his affidavit, Sanchelli stated that the “package containing the 2,064 hits of LSD will be delivered” to Morrison at his address in Omaha. A no-knock search warrant was requested because, *472 as stated in the affidavit, “[ojfficers know through past experience that if they were to announce themselves or their purpose that evidence being sought could be easily destroyed by flushing it down the toilet or sink.” The Douglas County Court judge issued the requested warrant, authorizing officers to “enter [Morrison’s] premises . . . without knocking or announcing their authority----”

Shortly after a postal inspector delivered the package to Morrison, officers kicked in or rammed the door to Morrison’s apartment. Morrison was arrested and charged with possession of a controlled substance, LSD, with intent to deliver. Morrison was also charged with possession of psilocybin, a controlled substance which was found by police in Morrison’s apartment when police searched it. Based solely on his objection relating to the factors used by Vajgert to intercept suspicious packages, Morrison filed a motion to suppress all physical evidence seized by officers and all statements made by Morrison to law enforcement officers. After an evidentiary hearing, the motion was overruled. In his motion to suppress, Morrison made no complaint regarding the no-knock search warrant issued by the Douglas County Court judge.

Following a jury trial, Morrison was found guilty on both counts with which he was charged, and he was subsequently sentenced.

Morrison appealed his convictions to the Court of Appeals, claiming that the trial court erred in (1) overruling Morrison’s motion to suppress evidence, (2) failing to permit Morrison to examine the prosecuting attorney on her vindictiveness and in permitting amendment of the information, (3) permitting hearsay testimony, and (4) overruling Morrison’s motion for a mistrial based on prosecutorial misconduct. The Court of Appeals reversed Morrison’s convictions after determining that service of the search warrant by a no-knock entry was improper under the circumstances of this case and that the evidence obtained thereby should have been suppressed. The Court of Appeals stated that the inference to be drawn from Sanchelli’s affidavit, i.e., that all 2,064 hits of LSD were to be delivered to Morrison and were at risk of ready destruction, was misleading. The court reasoned that issuance of a no-knock search warrant *473 would have been unlikely had the issuing judge been aware that most of the evidence had already been detained at police headquarters and half of the remaining evidence was taped to the inside of the package. The Court of Appeals concluded that the district court erred in overruling the motion to suppress evidence seized following the service of the no-knock search warrant. We granted the State’s petition for further review of the cause.

MOTION TO SUPPRESS

At the suppression hearing, Morrison challenged the issuance of (1) the federal search warrant, objecting to the underlying basis for what he termed Vajgert’s “profile” for suspicious packages and to the trustworthiness and credibility of the drug dog alert, and (2) the state search warrant on the grounds that there was no basis for inclusion of a no-knock provision. The Court of Appeals determined that there was probable cause to issue the federal search warrant.

A search warrant, to be valid, must be supported by an affidavit establishing probable cause, or reasonable suspicion founded on articulable facts____
The duty of an appellate court in determining whether probable cause existed at the time a search warrant was issued is to ensure that the magistrate had a substantial basis for concluding that probable cause did in fact exist. . . . Moreover, an appellate court is restricted to consideration of the information and circumstances contained within the four corners of the underlying affidavit.... Evidence which emerges after the warrant is issued has no bearing on whether a warrant was validly issued.

(Citations omitted.) State v. Utterback, 240 Neb. 981, 984-85, 485 N.W.2d 760, 766-67 (1992).

Federal Search Warrant

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
500 N.W.2d 547, 243 Neb. 469, 1993 Neb. LEXIS 153, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-morrison-neb-1993.